2、控制体重，但避免过快减重：肥胖是痛风的重要危险因素。对于超重或肥胖的年轻人，应将体重逐 步控制在标准范围内（BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m ）。周彤主任特别提醒，有高尿酸血症的年轻人在减重时速 度不宜过快，因为过快的体重下降可能导致体内酮体增加，竞争性抑制尿酸排泄，反而可能诱发痛风的 急性发作。 3、保证充足饮水：对于心肾功能正常者来说，每日饮水量建议在2000毫升以上，以促进尿酸通过尿液 排出。 4、规律运动：坚持适度有氧运动，如快走、游泳、骑车等，有助于控制体重、改善代谢。 痛风这一传统认知中的"老年病"，如今在年轻群体中也呈显著高发态势。近日，有不少网友发布视频 称"呈味核苷酸二钠是致使尿酸偏高、痛风年轻化的杀手"。原本"默默无闻"地存在于许多调味料中的食 品添加剂，就这样被推到了"风口浪尖"。它真的有这么大的"杀伤力"吗？记者采访南京明基医院营养科 主任周彤了解到，对呈味核苷酸二钠来说，"撇开剂量谈风险"是不科学的，目前并没有足够的研究证据 表明，食品中正常添加的呈味核苷酸二钠会导致痛风或显著增加痛风发生的风险。 在我国《食品添加剂使用标准》中，呈味核苷酸二钠属于允许合法使用的食品添加剂，广 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 慢性肾脏病 （ Chronic kidney disease， CKD） 是全球范围内最为严重且日益加剧的非传染性疾病之一，全球有 8%-14% 的成年人受其影响。慢性肾脏病 （CKD） 患者面临 终末期肾脏病 （ESKD） 的风险显著增加，同时发生重大心血管事件的易感性也更高。这些并发症的汇集导致了疾病各个阶段预后的严重恶 化，它每年导致约 260 万人死亡，其中 96 万人死于终末期肾脏病。 高尿酸血症 （ Hyperuricemia ） 以血清尿酸水平升高为特征，是慢性肾脏病 （CKD） 患者中常见且可改变的并发症。据调查，高尿酸血症在 CKD 患者中的患 病率是普通人群的 2 倍，此外，随着肾病分期的进展，高尿酸血症的患病率急剧上升。观察性数据还表明，高尿酸血症不仅与 CKD 的发生和加速进展有关，还 与该患者群体发生重大心血管事件和全因死亡率的风险增加有关。 然而，血清尿酸水平升高在肾脏功能恶化中的作用仍不清楚。因此， 降尿酸治疗 （ULT） 能否减缓合并高尿酸血症的 慢性肾脏病 （CKD） 患者的疾病进展， 仍有待验证。 2025 年 12 月 9 日，南方 ...

高尿酸血症是嘌呤代谢紊乱引起的代谢性疾病，很多痛风患者前期都存在高尿酸的问题。有研究数据显示，痛风的患病率逐年上升，发病年龄也趋于低龄 化，青少年群体的尿酸异常成为需要重视的健康问题。 尿酸异常不止是中老年 低龄痛风患者增多 南昌大学第一附属医院风湿免疫科主任 吴锐：喜欢含果糖的饮料，还有高嘌呤的食物以及饮酒等等，这些都会导致尿酸生成过多。因为尿酸主要还是一个 嘌呤代谢的产物，我们体内的嘌呤在细胞里面是非常丰富的。另外饮食里面尤其是肉类、鱼类的嘌呤也是很多。如果代谢障碍，排泄障碍也会高尿酸，吃得 过多它也会高。 不久前，19岁的小吴由于脚关节频繁疼痛，来到医院就诊。经过检查，小吴的尿酸值竟然有589微摩尔/升，被确诊为痛风。小吴告诉记者，自己平时不运 动、爱熬夜、爱喝饮料，最多的时候一天能喝两三瓶。 医务人员表示，痛风的发病与多种因素有关，对于青少年而言，不合理的饮食习惯、缺乏运动和不良的生活习惯是主要原因。 年轻人也会得痛风？这些诱因要警惕 正常情况下，非同日两次空腹血尿酸水平，男性高于420μmol/L（微摩尔/升），女性高于360μmol/L（微摩尔/升），即属于高尿酸血症。 对于儿童（＜15岁）而言， ...

央视网消息：高尿酸血症是嘌呤代谢紊乱引起的代谢性疾病，很多痛风患者前期都存在高尿酸的问题。有研究数据显示，痛风的患病率逐 年上升，发病年龄也趋于低龄化，青少年群体的尿酸异常成为需要重视的健康问题。 不久前，19岁的小吴由于脚关节频繁疼痛，来到医院就诊。经过检查，小吴的尿酸值竟然有589微摩尔/升，被确诊为痛风。小吴告诉记 者，自己平时不运动、爱熬夜、爱喝饮料，最多的时候一天能喝两三瓶。 医务人员表示，痛风的发病与多种因素有关，对于青少年而言，不合理的饮食习惯、缺乏运动和不良的生活习惯是主要原因。 南昌大学第一附属医院风湿免疫科主任吴锐称："喜欢饮料、含果糖的饮料，还有高嘌呤的食物以及饮酒等等，这些都会导致尿酸生成过 多。因为尿酸主要还是一个嘌呤代谢的产物，我们体内的嘌呤在细胞里面是非常丰富的。另外，饮食里面，尤其是肉类的、鱼类的嘌呤也很 多。如果代谢障碍、排泄障碍也会高尿酸，吃得过多它也会高。" 正常情况下，非同日两次空腹血尿酸水平，男性高于420μmol/L（微摩尔/升），女性高于360μmol/L（微摩尔/升），即属于高尿酸血症。 对于儿童（＜15岁）而言，血尿酸水平高于357μmol/L（微摩尔/升）， ...

Core Viewpoint - Gouty arthritis is a common disease closely related to dietary habits, with a higher prevalence in males and a trend towards younger patients [1] Group 1: Disease Overview - Gouty arthritis is characterized by high uric acid levels leading to joint inflammation, commonly affecting males and often starting suddenly with severe pain [5][7] - Symptoms typically peak within 12 hours and may resolve within days or weeks, with over 50% of initial cases occurring in the first metatarsophalangeal joint [5] Group 2: Risk Factors - Key risk factors for gout include excessive alcohol consumption, high-purine diets, and lack of sleep, with sugary drinks particularly harmful for children [5] - Chronic conditions such as chronic gouty nephropathy can arise from uric acid deposits in the kidneys, and high uric acid levels may accelerate atherosclerosis, increasing cardiovascular disease risk [7] Group 3: Prevention and Treatment - Prevention strategies include dietary control, limiting seafood intake, ensuring daily water intake exceeds 2000 milliliters, and avoiding triggers like late nights and intense exercise [9] - During acute attacks, treatment focuses on anti-inflammatory and pain relief methods, while recurrent cases may require long-term uric acid-lowering therapy [9]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the consumption of crabs for individuals with high uric acid levels or a history of gout, emphasizing that with proper timing and control methods, they can safely enjoy this seasonal delicacy [1]. Group 1: Situations to Avoid Crab Consumption - Individuals experiencing an acute gout attack, even with mild joint redness or pain, should avoid crab as it can increase purine intake and exacerbate inflammation [2]. - Those with uncontrolled blood uric acid levels, such as fasting levels exceeding 480 μmol/L, or frequent joint discomfort, should also refrain from eating crab to prevent triggering gout [2]. Group 2: Situations Where Crab Can Be Consumed in Moderation - Patients with stable high uric acid levels (e.g., fasting uric acid < 420 μmol/L) and no history of gout attacks can consume crab in moderation [3]. - Gout patients in remission (more than two weeks since the last attack) with controlled uric acid levels (generally recommended < 360 μmol/L, < 300 μmol/L for those with a history of gout) may also eat crab [3]. - Individuals without severe complications such as significant renal dysfunction, hypertension, or acute diabetes complications can safely consume crab [3]. Group 3: Key Consumption Guidelines - Avoid dangerous combinations by not drinking beer (which inhibits uric acid excretion) and limiting sugary drinks (as fructose may promote uric acid production) while consuming crab [5]. - Choose fresh crabs to prevent bacterial growth and avoid harmful substances that could worsen metabolic burdens [5]. - Limit consumption to one medium-sized crab (approximately 100-150 grams) per serving, prioritizing crab meat over crab roe or fat due to higher purine and fat content [5]. - Opt for boiling as a cooking method, avoiding the broth as it contains higher purine levels than the crab meat itself [5]. - Monitor bodily reactions for 1-2 days post-consumption, watching for any joint discomfort or swelling, and take appropriate measures if adverse effects occur [5].

Group 1 - The article highlights the increasing trend of young people adopting extreme health practices, leading to chronic diseases such as gout, fatty liver, and diabetes [1][2][3] - It emphasizes the importance of balanced diets, moderate exercise, and regular routines as the foundation of true health [1][3] - Medical professionals warn that excessive exercise can lead to acute gout attacks due to elevated uric acid levels, with studies indicating that a single high-intensity workout can increase blood uric acid by over 30% [2][3] Group 2 - The phenomenon of "skinny fatty liver" is becoming more common, particularly among young women who engage in extreme dieting, leading to health issues despite weight loss [4][5] - The article discusses the mechanisms behind fatty liver development due to extreme weight loss, including insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances [4][5] - It advises that weight management should focus on balanced diets and gradual weight loss, recommending a maximum of 5% weight loss per month for safety [5] Group 3 - The article addresses the misconception that "sugar-free" drinks are entirely safe, as excessive consumption can still lead to health issues like diabetes [6][7] - It notes that the proportion of diabetes patients under 40 is increasing, linked to unhealthy lifestyles, including irregular eating and lack of exercise [7] - The article stresses the importance of early intervention during the "prediabetes" stage to prevent the progression to full diabetes [7] Group 4 - The "Three Reductions and Three Healths" initiative by the National Health Commission aims to lower chronic disease risks through scientific lifestyle interventions [8][11] - Recommendations include reducing salt intake to no more than 5 grams per day, oil intake to 25-30 grams, and added sugar to no more than 25 grams [8][10][11] - The initiative also emphasizes maintaining oral health, healthy weight, and bone health through proper nutrition and regular physical activity [12][13][14]

Core Viewpoint - The rising popularity of milk tea among young people has been linked to health risks, particularly concerning elevated uric acid levels and related conditions like gout [1][2]. Group 1: Health Risks Associated with Milk Tea - A case of a 23-year-old male who developed acute gout due to high uric acid levels from daily milk tea consumption highlights the potential health risks [2]. - High fructose content in milk tea and other sugary beverages is identified as a significant contributor to increased uric acid levels, overshadowing the low purine content of these drinks [3][4]. Group 2: Mechanism of Uric Acid Increase - Fructose metabolism occurs primarily in the liver and is not regulated by insulin, leading to direct production of uric acid [5][6]. - Unlike sucrose and glucose, fructose can inhibit the kidneys' ability to excrete uric acid, further exacerbating the issue [7]. Group 3: Associated Health Conditions - Chronic high uric acid levels can lead to various health issues, including gout, kidney damage, and metabolic syndrome, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes [11][13][14]. - A study indicates that consuming sugary drinks more than four times a week is significantly associated with early onset of gout in men under 40 [10]. Group 4: Dietary Recommendations - To manage uric acid levels, individuals are advised to maintain a balanced diet, control caloric intake, limit alcohol consumption, and engage in regular physical activity [15]. - Specific food recommendations include choosing whole grains, lean meats, and low-fat dairy while avoiding high-fructose and high-purine foods [16][18].

Core Insights - The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in China is increasing, with adult rates at 17.7% and 3.2% respectively [1] Dietary Recommendations - Patients with hyperuricemia and gout should avoid high-purine foods, high-fructose foods, and alcohol to manage their condition [2] - High-purine foods include organ meats, certain seafood, and some fish, with purine content ranging from 150-1000mg/100g [2] - Fructose-rich foods, such as sugary drinks and fruit juices, can elevate uric acid levels, but moderate fruit intake is acceptable due to beneficial nutrients [2] - Alcohol consumption should be limited, especially during acute gout attacks, as it can increase uric acid production and decrease its excretion [2] Lifestyle Modifications - A balanced diet with a variety of low-purine foods is recommended, including grains, vegetables, fruits, and low-fat dairy [3] - Cooking methods should focus on steaming, boiling, or stewing, while avoiding frying and high-fat preparations [3] - Daily salt intake should not exceed 5g, and cooking oil should be limited to 25-30g [3] Hydration and Exercise - Adequate hydration is crucial, with a recommendation of 2000ml-3000ml of water daily to promote uric acid excretion [4] - Regular, moderate exercise is beneficial, with suggestions for aerobic activities and strength training, while avoiding excessive exercise during flare-ups [4] Traditional Dietary Therapy - Traditional dietary therapy focuses on strengthening the spleen and stomach, with recommendations for specific foods like white lentils and yam [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article addresses common misconceptions about gout and hyperuricemia, emphasizing the importance of proper management and treatment to improve the quality of life for patients. Misconceptions about Gout and Hyperuricemia - Misconception 1: Hyperuricemia equals gout. Hyperuricemia is defined as uric acid levels above 420 umol/L for men and 360 umol/L for women, but not all patients with high uric acid develop gout, with only about 10% progressing to the condition [2]. - Misconception 2: Asymptomatic hyperuricemia does not require attention. Even without symptoms, high uric acid can lead to gout flares and increase the risk of other metabolic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension [3]. - Misconception 3: Uric acid-lowering medications are harmful to the liver and kidneys. Medications undergo rigorous testing for safety, and the risks of untreated high uric acid are far greater than potential side effects from medications [4]. - Misconception 4: Patients can stop medication once uric acid levels are normal. Gout is a chronic condition, and most patients require lifelong treatment to maintain uric acid levels [5][6]. - Misconception 5: Uric acid medications should be taken during acute gout attacks. Anti-inflammatory medications should be used instead, as uric acid medications can worsen symptoms during an acute flare [7]. - Misconception 6: Normal uric acid levels are sufficient. Patients with a history of gout should aim for lower uric acid levels, ideally below 360 umol/L, and even lower for those with kidney stones [8]. - Misconception 7: Pain relief is the only concern. Continuous uric acid management is crucial to prevent recurrent gout attacks [9]. - Misconception 8: Lower uric acid levels are always better. Extremely low levels can pose health risks, and a target level above 180 umol/L is recommended [10]. - Misconception 9: Intense exercise helps lower uric acid. Moderate aerobic exercise is beneficial, but excessive intensity can trigger gout attacks [11][12]. - Misconception 10: Drinking soda or restricting high-purine foods is enough to manage uric acid. Most uric acid is produced internally, and dietary changes alone are often insufficient [13]. - Misconception 11: Gout patients must avoid all meat. Controlled consumption of certain meats is acceptable, focusing on lean poultry and fish while avoiding red meats and organ meats [14]. - Misconception 12: Vegetables and fruits can be consumed freely. Some vegetables and high-fructose fruits can elevate uric acid levels and should be consumed in moderation [15]. - Misconception 13: Beer is forbidden, but white liquor is acceptable. All alcohol can raise uric acid levels, and patients should ideally abstain from alcohol [16]. - Misconception 14: Soy products and dairy are harmful. In moderation, soy products and low-purine dairy can be beneficial for gout patients [17].