Core Insights - The research reveals that the potato originated from an ancient hybridization event between the tomato group and the wild potato group approximately 9 million years ago, leading to the creation of the unique tuber organ [1][12] - This study provides a new theoretical perspective for potato genetic breeding and highlights the role of hybridization in species formation [12] Group 1: Potato's Origin - Potatoes are a crucial crop, originally from South America, providing staple food for 1.3 billion people globally due to their high nutritional value and adaptability [2] - The potato group, tomato group, and wild potato group are sister taxa, with molecular evolution analysis indicating a closer relationship between potatoes and tomatoes than previously thought [2][5] - The study confirms that potatoes are a hybrid species resulting from the crossbreeding of wild potatoes and tomatoes, with tomatoes as the maternal parent and wild potatoes as the paternal parent [5][12] Group 2: Genetic Mechanisms - The formation of the potato tuber is attributed to genomic recombination, where the hybridization of ancestral species led to the creation of this unique organ [7][10] - Key genes involved in tuber formation were identified, with the main regulatory gene SP6A derived from the tomato group and the gene IT1 from the wild potato group [10] - The discovery of two additional tuber-related genes, DRN and CLF, further elucidates the genetic basis for tuber development [10] Group 3: Evolutionary Impact - The hybridization event not only created the tuber but also enriched the genetic diversity within the potato group, with about 24% of the genetic components showing a mosaic pattern from different parental alleles [10][12] - This genetic diversity allows potatoes to adapt to various environmental conditions, enhancing their survival and reproductive capabilities [10] - The tuber provides a significant survival advantage, enabling potatoes to store water and starch, and allowing for asexual reproduction through tuber sprouting [10][12]

Core Insights - The research reveals that potatoes originated from an ancient hybridization event between the tomato group and the wild potato group approximately 9 million years ago, resulting in the unique tuber organ of potatoes [1] - The genetic contribution of the two parent species to potatoes is approximately 40% from the tomato group and 60% from the wild potato group [1] - The formation of tubers is attributed to the recombination and interactive regulation of alleles from the potato's ancestors, with key genes such as SP6A from the tomato group and IT1 from the wild potato group playing significant roles [1] Agricultural Significance - The tuber formation provides potatoes with survival advantages, including the ability to store water and starch, which helps them endure drought and cold seasons [1] - Potatoes can reproduce without seeds or pollination, as new plants can sprout directly from the buds on the tubers [1] - Potatoes are a crucial crop, with over 1.3 billion people globally relying on them as a staple food [1] Research Implications - The findings from Chinese scientists are expected to offer a new theoretical perspective for potato genetic breeding [1]

Group 1 - The report presents the sowing rates of soybeans and corn from April 4th to June 6th, comparing them with the 5 - year average and the same period last year [1] - The emergence rates of soybeans and corn are shown from May 2nd to July 4th and July 20th respectively, along with the 5 - year average and last - year's data [1] - The flowering rate of soybeans and the silking rate of corn from June 20th to July 25th are presented, compared with the 5 - year average and last - year's figures [1] - The pod - setting rate of soybeans from June 27th to July 25th and the dough stage rate of corn from July 4th to July 25th are given, along with the 5 - year average and last - year's data [1] - The data for the years 2021 - 2025 regarding some unspecified indicators (with values ranging from 45 - 80) are also included [1]

智通财经7月29日电，南非作物部门将2025年玉米作物预测值上调1.6%。 ...

Group 1: Agricultural Crop Growth Rates - Key Point 1: The report presents data on the sowing, emergence, flowering, pod - setting, silking, and wax - ripening rates of soybeans and corn, comparing them with 5 - year averages and last year's figures [1] - Key Point 2: Crop growth rate data for soybeans is shown from April 4 to July 18, including sowing rate, emergence rate, flowering rate, and pod - setting rate [1] - Key Point 3: Corn growth rate data is presented from April 4 to July 18, covering sowing rate, emergence rate, silking rate, and wax - ripening rate [1] - Key Point 4: The report also provides historical data on a certain index (not clearly specified) from 2021 to 2025 [1]

Group 1 - The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has approved 153 wheat varieties, with a focus on high yield and stability, accounting for nearly 80% of the approved varieties, with an increase of over 3% compared to control varieties [1][2] - The newly approved wheat varieties show significant improvements in disease resistance, with 12 varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight and 20 resistant to stripe rust, indicating advancements in disease-resistant breeding [1] - The proportion of high-quality specialized wheat varieties has increased, with 37 approved varieties, representing 25% of the total, which is a 3% increase from 2024, enhancing options for specific food products [1] Group 2 - The introduction of high-yield, green, and water-saving wheat varieties has led to a steady increase in yield levels, with over 75% of the approved varieties being high-yielding and stable [2] - Water-saving varieties have shown significant cost-saving benefits, such as the Malan No. 1 variety, which saves over 50 cubic meters of water per acre, with a cumulative promotion area exceeding 9 million acres [2] - The announcement also included the approval of 13 rice varieties and 34 corn varieties, while 12 rice and 17 corn varieties were revoked, indicating a dynamic management approach to variety approval [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the successful harvest of "small ice wheat" in Jilin province, showcasing the integration of modern agricultural technology and traditional farming practices to enhance productivity and sustainability [1][10][12]. Group 1: Agricultural Practices - The small ice wheat, a unique local variety in Jilin, has been cultivated since 1999, with a stable planting system established over two decades [3][10]. - The planting area for small ice wheat in the county reached 10,000 acres this year, with the core production area in Nankangzi Village expected to complete harvesting by July 20 [3][6]. - The integration of modern agricultural technologies, such as mechanized harvesting and precision nutrient supply, has significantly improved efficiency and reduced resource waste [10][12]. Group 2: Economic Impact - The expected yield for the 10,000 acres of small ice wheat is 2,700 tons, with a projected value of 18.9 million yuan after processing [6][12]. - In Taonan City, the planting area for small ice wheat has reached 26,000 acres, indicating a growing trend in wheat cultivation [5][8]. - The cultivation of small ice wheat not only boosts local farmers' incomes but also contributes to the overall economic development of the region through value-added agricultural practices [12][13]. Group 3: Environmental Benefits - The practice of crop rotation, including the subsequent planting of oat grass, enhances soil fertility and prevents land degradation, contributing to ecological sustainability [6][10]. - The use of straw from wheat harvesting for soil improvement aligns with sustainable agricultural practices, promoting long-term land health [6][10]. Group 4: Market Development - The "Nankangzi" brand of small ice wheat flour has established a strong market presence due to its high-quality standards, supported by years of industry development [12][13]. - Collaboration with various stakeholders, including agricultural research institutions and food supply chains, is planned to enhance market reach and product distribution [12][13].

Core Insights - The "Water Rice + Quinoa" green efficient rotation model demonstration in Yandu District showcases the successful integration of quinoa cultivation with traditional rice farming, aiming to enhance agricultural productivity and income for farmers [1][2] Group 1: Agricultural Innovation - The quinoa varieties developed by the Xinyang Base Quinoa Team, such as Su Li No. 1 and Su Li No. 2, fill the gap in quinoa production in Jiangsu Province after 8 years of research [1] - The implementation of the "Water Rice + Quinoa" rotation model allows for a two-season planting approach, improving soil quality and providing additional income streams for farmers [1] Group 2: Economic Benefits - The expected yield of quinoa is over 300 pounds per acre, translating to potential income exceeding 2400 yuan per acre at a market price of 8 yuan per pound [1] - The new rotation model is projected to increase annual income by over 300 yuan per acre compared to traditional crop rotations [2] - The model has been promoted across nearly 1,000 acres in Yancheng, involving over 20 farming households [2] Group 3: Technological Advancements - The use of precision seeding machines and green pest control techniques in quinoa cultivation is leading to mechanized harvesting, achieving goals of labor savings, cost reduction, and increased efficiency [2]

来源：光明网 当你吃下一碗米饭时，或许不会想到，这颗颗米粒的背后，藏着"上亿个"形态各异、分工明确的水稻细 胞。近日，中国农业科学院生物技术研究所的科研团队在《自然（Nature）》杂志发表研究成果：他们 绘制出全球首个水稻多器官单细胞多组学图谱，就像为水稻细胞世界绘制了一套"高清导航图"，首次能 在单个细胞层面"看清"水稻多器官的生长密码。 给11万个水稻细胞"拍身份证"：从模糊群像到清晰特写 水稻是我国主要的粮食作物，一根稻穗、一片叶子甚至一条根尖，都是由无数细胞"搭积木"般构建而 成。但长期以来，科学家们观察水稻细胞就像看"集体合影"——只能看到细胞群体的大致模样，却分不 清每个细胞的独特身份和功能。 为了给水稻细胞"拍身份证"，科研人员选取了水稻的根、茎、叶、穗等8个关键器官，对其中11.6万个 细胞进行了"深度体检"：通过先进的单细胞测序技术，同步分析每个细胞里的RNA表达（相当于细胞 的"工作记录"）和染色质可及性（相当于基因表达的"开关状态"）。 经过细致分析和原位杂交实验验证，他们精准识别出54种水稻细胞类型。比如根里负责吸收水分的表皮 细胞、叶片中制造养分的叶肉细胞、穗部孕育种子的生殖细胞等 ...

Group 1 - The "wheat and soybean double cropping" model is being implemented in Liaoning Province, allowing farmers to achieve two harvests in one year, which is a new practice for the region [1][2] - The new wheat variety "Liaochun 18" has a harvest period that is 10 days earlier than traditional varieties, facilitating the timely planting of subsequent crops [1] - The model has been tested since 2024 and has expanded to 11,000 acres in Zhangwu County, contributing to ecological benefits by reducing soil erosion and improving land fertility [1][2] Group 2 - The "wheat and soybean double cropping" model aligns with the national strategy to expand oilseed crop cultivation and explores new paths for efficient crop rotation and green income [2] - In Tieling County, the cooperative has increased its wheat planting area, achieving a yield of 750 pounds per acre, with total income exceeding 1,600 yuan per acre from two crops [2] - In Anshan City, the cultivation of silymarin and soybeans has led to higher income and improved land utilization, with the current planting area reaching 31,000 acres [3]