12月26日，国家发展改革委主任郑栅洁主持召开民营企业座谈会，就做好明年经济工作听取意见建议。 22次座谈会覆盖范围之广，彰显诚意。 参会企业遍布东、中、西部，兼顾大、中、小型不同规模，既有行业龙头企业，也有小微企业，既涉及 新能源、人工智能等战略性产业，也包括工程建设、大宗消费、对外经贸等重点领域。 这种全景式覆盖，让作为宏观管理和经济综合协调部门的国家发展改革委，能掌握更全面的一手真实情 况，客观评估现行政策实施效果，从而让宏观政策更加有的放矢，及时优化完善。 三里河注意到，这是郑栅洁46天内召开的第三次民营企业座谈会。 此前，11月11日和11月28日先后召开民营企业座谈会，主题均聚焦"十五五"时期服务业高质量发展。 自2023年7月起，国家发展改革委常态化召开民营企业座谈会，至今已有22次。 密集的会面，务实的交流，释放出的信号远比数字本身更重要。 高频次的座谈背后，是对民营经济一以贯之的重视。 已形成相当规模、占有很重分量的民营经济，在科技创新、促进就业等方面功不可没，对于中国经济的 重要性不言而喻。 在经济爬坡过坎、新旧动能转换的关键时期，稳住民营企业预期，为其打造更好的发展环境、激发其内 生动力 ...

临近年末，商圈促销等持续引发人们的消费热情。 特约评论员熊夏柠 临近年末，各地文旅消费火热，一些一线城市的演唱会经济火爆。有的城市积极提振内需、发放消费券也如火如荼，电商平台频推跨年促销， 汽车与家电以旧换新、商圈促销等持续引发人们的消费热情。 近日召开的中央经济工作会议提出，坚持内需主导，建设强大国内市场。深入实施提振消费专项行动，制定实施城乡居民增收计划。扩大优质 商品和服务供给。优化"两新"政策实施。清理消费领域不合理限制措施，释放服务消费潜力。 坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合，以新需求引领新供给，以新供给创造新需求。 可以说，提振内需的部署十分完备，消费已经成为拉动我国经济的重要组成部分。近年来在一系列精准施策之下，消费势头不断向好。服务消 费呈持续回升态势，前11个月服务零售额同比增长5.4%，连续3个月回升。 目前，大宗消费、服务消费、新型消费等领域的带动作用明显。大宗消费在以旧换新政策的支持下，已经带动了显著的消费增量，目前以旧换 新还正在不断扩围。服务消费也不断扩容，尤其是在我国正在构建生育友好型社会、增加文旅体供给、高端医疗等政策背景下，促进服务消费 如虎添翼。另外，新型消费 ...

Group 1 - The Jiangsu provincial government has issued 62 specific measures to boost consumption and stimulate the market recovery across six key areas [1][2] - Actions to increase residents' income include adjusting the minimum wage, providing vocational training for over 650,000 people by 2025, and implementing small loans for impoverished populations with a target of over 4 billion yuan in loans this year [1][2] - The government will also address overdue payments to enterprises and encourage listed companies to enhance investor returns through valuation improvement plans and dividend strategies [1] Group 2 - The service consumption enhancement initiative focuses on optimizing service supply, including the renovation of 300 community dining points and the establishment of 80 community childcare centers by 2025 [2] - The initiative aims to promote local cuisine and tourism integration, with plans to release the 2025 Jiangsu Michelin Guide and support sports consumption trials in cities like Yangzhou and Wuxi [2] - The large-scale consumption upgrade action includes implementing a trade-in program for consumer goods and supporting the development of second-hand car sales models [2] Group 3 - The consumption environment improvement initiative aims to enhance the consumption ecosystem, with over 2,000 themed events planned by 2025 [3] - The government will promote the establishment of 1,000 trusted consumption units, including stores and online platforms, by 2027 [3] - Financial institutions are encouraged to increase personal consumption loans while ensuring risk control, supported by long-term special government bonds [3]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of boosting consumption to stabilize economic growth, highlighting the need for policies that enhance both consumption capacity and willingness [10][19]. Group 1: Factors Influencing Consumption - Consumption is influenced by two main factors: consumption capacity and consumption willingness. Consumption capacity is primarily affected by income, assets, and debt, while consumption willingness is influenced by economic expectations, social security systems, and available time for consumption [7][10]. - The current debt pressure on residents is significant, with the ratio of debt repayment to disposable income at 12.4% in Q3 2024, higher than in some developed economies [7]. Group 2: Policy Initiatives - The "Special Action Plan to Boost Consumption" outlines a comprehensive approach to enhance consumption through income increases, reduced burdens, high-quality supply, and improved consumption environments, with 30 key tasks across eight areas [10][19]. - The government plans to increase public consumption significantly, as a 1% increase in public consumption can lead to a 0.4% rise in private consumption over the long term [13][19]. Group 3: Targeted Support for Specific Groups - The plan focuses on increasing income for low- and middle-income groups, with measures including employment support and minimum wage adjustments [11][20]. - There is a specific emphasis on providing living allowances for recent graduates who have not yet found employment, recognizing their high marginal propensity to consume [21]. Group 4: Consumption Trends and Projections - In 2024, the growth rate of social retail sales is projected to be only 3.5%, with expectations to increase to over 5% due to enhanced fiscal spending [3][19]. - China's final consumption expenditure accounted for 55.6% of GDP in 2023, which is significantly lower than the global average, indicating substantial room for growth [6][19]. Group 5: Financial Support Mechanisms - The plan introduces fiscal subsidies for personal consumption loans, marking a shift in focus from corporate to individual support, which could stimulate consumer spending [16][22]. - The government aims to balance "old-for-new" policies with cash subsidies for specific groups to ensure equitable access to consumption incentives [19][20].

□ 长期来看，消费还有很大提升空间，但也要客观看待提振消费的难度。影响消费的因素分为消 费能力和消费意愿两大类：影响消费能力的因素主要有收入、资产和债务；影响消费意愿的因素 包括对经济和未来收入的预期、社会保障体系完善程度，以及是否有消费时间等。其中消费能力 是能否提振消费的关键因素，故要想方设法增加中低收入者（边际消费倾向强）的收入和福利水 平 □ 《提振消费专项行动方案》总的政策思路是以增收减负提升消费能力，以高质量供给创造有效 需求，以优化消费环境增强消费意愿，并部署八方面30项重点任务。前七部分部署具体实施的七 大行动，第八部分进一步强调了完善投资、财政、信贷、统计等各项支持政策。文件覆盖面非常 广，涵盖了如何应对各类压制消费的因素 □ 考虑到消费对于经济平稳运行的重要性，接下来可做好五方面工作，以进一步夯实消费在稳经 济中的基石作用：一是更大力度增加财政对公共消费的投入；二是平衡好"以旧换新"和对特定群 体的现金补助；三是切实做好中低收入人群的收入合理增长工作；四是针对已毕业但尚未找到工 作的大中专毕业生，给予适当的生活补助；五是对个人消费贷款财政贴息的同时，加强资金用途 的监测 □ 当前，世界百年 ...