文 ： 华创证券研究所副所长 、首席宏观分析师 张瑜（执业证号：S0360518090001） 联系人： 陆银波（15210860866） 韩港（微信 HGK1366） 核心观点 2025 年 7 月，中央财经委提出"依法依规治理企业低价无序竞争"，那么当前治理反内卷有哪些法制化工 具？我们梳理，至少包含三个层面 一是在全国层面规范政府、企业的内卷行为 ，对于政府，主要是在全国统一大市场框架下引入公平竞争审 查、规范违规补贴等，对于企业，多是规范低价竞争。 二是在产业层面 ，调整产业结构、规范特定产业发展 ； 三是在具体产品层面 ，通过提高国家强制性标准来推动落后产能退出 ，目前来看，以上游的化工、煤炭等 产品为主，此外，据市场监管总局，针对新三样的标准提升正在进行中。 报告摘要 一、国家层面：规范政府、企业行为 相关的法制化工具可能至少包括 5 个 ，包括《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》、《中华人民共和国反垄 断法》、《中华人民共和国价格法》、《公平竞争审查条例》、《全国统一大市场建设指引 ( 试行 ) 》，前 两项法律的约束对象包括政府与企业、第三项以约束企业为主，第四、五项以约束政府为主。 以《中华人民 ...

National Level - The central financial committee proposed to "legally govern low-price disorderly competition by enterprises" by July 2025[2] - Key legal tools include the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, Anti-Monopoly Law, Price Law, Fair Competition Review Regulations, and Guidelines for the Construction of a Unified National Market[3] - The revised Anti-Unfair Competition Law, effective from October 15, 2025, prohibits platform operators from forcing sellers to sell below cost[3] Industry Level - The 2024 Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalog categorizes projects into encouraged (352 items), restricted (231 items), and eliminated (422 items) categories[18] - The Cement and Glass Industry Capacity Replacement Implementation Measures (2024) prohibit new capacity for cement clinker and flat glass projects without a replacement plan[19] - The draft Network Transaction Platform Rules aims to prevent unreasonable restrictions on platform operators' pricing autonomy[20] Product Level - National mandatory standards are being raised to phase out outdated production capacity, focusing on energy consumption limits and equipment efficiency standards[6] - By 2025, 25 products, including cement and glass, must complete upgrades or phase-outs, while 11 products, including urea and PVC, must do so by 2026[21][24] - New mandatory national standards have been issued since 2024, impacting various industries, but specific compliance timelines are still unclear[25]

Group 1: Company Analysis - Lu'an Huanneng is identified as a leading enterprise in the blowing coal sector, characterized by pure business operations and high elasticity. Despite being in a downward coal price cycle, the company's current price-to-book (PB) ratio presents value, with projected net profits for 2024-2026 at 2.62 billion, 2.14 billion, and 3.03 billion yuan, translating to earnings per share (EPS) of 0.87, 0.71, and 1.01 yuan respectively. The current price-to-earnings (PE) ratios are 13, 16, and 11 times, leading to an "overweight" rating [2] - Bailing Co., Ltd. reported a revenue of 27.675 billion yuan in 2024, a decrease of 9.32% year-on-year, while net profit attributable to shareholders increased by 292.73% to 1.567 billion yuan. The company is expected to benefit from the ongoing recovery in consumer spending, with net profit forecasts for 2025 and 2026 adjusted to 473 million and 519 million yuan, respectively, and a new forecast for 2027 set at 565 million yuan [19] Group 2: Industry Insights - The impact of the US-China tariff conflict on domestic electricity consumption is deemed limited. The electric machinery and equipment manufacturing sector, which has a significant export volume to the US, shows that tariff changes will not substantially affect overall electricity demand. Historical data from July 2018 to January 2020 indicates that the hydropower sector outperformed, while thermal power slightly lagged but still surpassed wind, solar, and nuclear power sectors. Recommended stocks include Yangtze Power and Sichuan Investment Energy in the hydropower sector, and Huadian International and Anhui Energy in the thermal power sector [6] - The recent tariff imposition by the US has led to a preemptive increase in consumer purchasing behavior, with March retail sales in the US showing a month-on-month growth of 1.4%, a significant rise from February's 0.2%. However, this surge may lead to a potential weakening of future retail demand, prompting the Federal Reserve to maintain a cautious stance in the short term [15]