这一理念具体体现为《指引》构建了一套系统化、可执行的内部治理框架。其一，确立权责明确的主体 责任制度，明确要求平台高级管理人员承担合规管理领导职责，并保障合规部门获得充分的资源支持与 履职独立性。这一规定旨在从企业顶层设计上平衡业务创新拓展与合规风险防控之间的关系，将合规提 升至企业战略决策高度。其二，构建闭环运行的合规管理流程，系统涵盖风险识别、分析评估、处置应 对、改进优化及持续培训等环节，为各类平台企业（特别是合规体系尚不完善的中小平台）提供清晰可 行的实施路径。 当平台企业将这套治理框架全面融入组织架构、决策流程与企业文化时，便实现了从"被动合规"向"主 动治理"的转变。此时的合规管理已超越传统意义上的监管应对工具，演进为提升运营效能、防范系统 性风险、构建可持续市场竞争优势的战略资产。这种责任内化机制有效塑造了平台企业的自我约束能 力，形成了企业自治与外部监管之间相互促进的协同治理格局。 这种内外部治理规范的一体化设计深刻契合了平台作为市场组织者的特殊属性，通过权责匹配推动其履 行与市场影响力相适应的治理责任。制度化的安排不仅将外部监管要求转化为内部治理需求，降低了合 规监管的社会成本，更建立了监管 ...

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive enhancement of regulatory concepts, systems, capabilities, and tools to adapt to the evolving market competition landscape, particularly focusing on antitrust and unfair competition regulations [1] Regulatory Developments - Significant progress has been made in antitrust and unfair competition efforts under the leadership of the central government, including a major revision of the Antitrust Law and continuous improvement of supporting regulations, enhancing the scientificity, transparency, and predictability of the regulatory framework [2] - The enforcement of regulations has intensified, with notable cases in key sectors such as pharmaceuticals and platform economies, effectively deterring illegal practices like false advertising and exclusive agreements [2] - The regulatory enforcement system has been optimized, with clearer division of responsibilities between central and local authorities, leading to improved consistency and authority in enforcement [2] Challenges in Regulatory Framework - The rise of digital technologies and innovative business models poses challenges to traditional regulatory tools, as monopolistic behaviors become more sophisticated and harder to detect [3] - The complexity of digital platforms blurs competitive boundaries, making market definitions and assessments of competitive harm more complicated [3] Issues Affecting Regulatory Effectiveness - "Involution" competition in certain sectors has deteriorated the fairness of the market, with companies resorting to excessive subsidies and unfair practices, complicating regulatory oversight [4] - Regulatory capacity struggles to meet the demands of monitoring complex and technologically advanced monopolistic behaviors, with a shortage of skilled professionals in local regulatory bodies [5] - Insufficient policy coordination undermines the effectiveness of antitrust laws, as local interests may conflict with national market unity goals [6] Recommendations for Improvement - Enhancing regulatory enforcement capabilities through professional training and the introduction of advanced technologies like big data and AI to create intelligent regulatory platforms [7] - Establishing a coordinated mechanism among various departments to improve communication and collaboration in regulatory efforts [8] - Developing industry-specific compliance guidelines to address the unique challenges posed by emerging sectors such as e-commerce and digital finance [9] - Implementing a compliance incentive system for businesses to encourage proactive compliance management and reduce reliance on reactive enforcement [10]

2025.11.16 本文字数：1944，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 |第一财经 一财评论员 最近市场监管总局研究起草《互联网平台反垄断合规指引（征求意见稿）》（下称《合规指引》），于 15日面向社会公开征求意见。该《合规指引》旨在支持和引导平台经营者有效防范反垄断合规风险，健 全反垄断合规管理机制，保护相关主体合法权益，维护市场公平竞争秩序，促进平台经济健康发展等。 合作治理的通用规制范式，不仅是强化监管者对弱势方合法利益的护卫，而且更重要的是搭建和完善相 关体制机制，为交易弱势方提供低成本的维权渠道和通畅的合法权益表达机制，在制度上平衡因为信息 不对称性和不完备性带来的竞争公平性问题。这意味着指引要真正有效落地和见实效，就需尽快在平台 经济领域、消费市场领域，引入集体诉讼制度、辩方举证制度及争议和解制度等，通过举证责任倒置、 代表诉讼等，降低交易弱势方尤其是消费者护卫合法权益的成本。 为此，合作治理旨在追求的是，监管捍卫经济社会交易秩序的他律，与市场内生性的权利制衡有序结 合，才能将反垄断的规制聚焦在竞争公平和保护任何市场主体的合法权益上。 德惟善政，政在养民。反垄断的法律法规旨在保护所有人的合法权益不被侵 ...

2025.11. 16 合规是任何企业持续经营的必要条件。合规在法理上并非单纯地满足相关法律法规的要求，其深层逻 辑是如何防范自身行为有意无意侵犯其他主体的合法权益，同时有效促进竞争合规、规则公平、算法 向善。 当前平台经济在牵涉垄断协议、滥用市场支配地位等垄断行为方面，面临新的反垄断合规焦虑，如平 台间算法共谋、组织帮助平台内经营者达成垄断协议、平台不公平高价、平台低于成本销售、封禁屏 蔽、"二选一"行为、全国最低价和平台差别待遇等。这些可能涉嫌垄断的行为有一个很明显的辨识 点，即这些行为都在不同层面对他人合法权益构成侵害，都有损公平竞争秩序。 如何有效辨识和评估这些行为的合规边界，是参与平台经济的各方都期待明晰的问题。此次《合规指 引》既通过站在监管仲裁者角度，让平台经营者和商家等换位思考其行为可能面临的外部性，让其了 解监管者会如何看待其行为的边际影响，又有助于监管者积极主动了解平台经济引发的新现象、新问 题，提高监管的敏感性，同时也适度在事前事中指引平台运营者和商家的行为，减轻垄断行为的事后 规制压力。 显然，《合规指引》在规制经济学角度看，是一种合作治理的有益尝试，其向各方传递出一个信号， 监管与平 ...

《合规指引》用非强制力的指引，与被规制者合作，是在监管者与被监管者间搭建起了一个有效的沟通 机制，让治理在合作中完善。 《合规指引》突出了国内反垄断部门面对市场新情况、新模式等的敏感适应和应对能力。 近年来国内平台经济发展迅速，极大提高了社会资源配置效率，推动了技术创新和产业变革，极大地为 人们的物质文化生活带来诸多便利；同时，平台经济的发展也为经济社会带来新的变化，反映在反垄断 领域就是平台的双边市场特征和多主体交易结构，使市场结构更趋网状化特征，增加了交易的复杂性， 增加了垄断行为边界的识别、评估和规制难度，尤其是平台规则、数据、算法、技术手段等，不仅面临 着如何系统排除、限制竞争行为，如何有效保护消费者合法权益问题，而且对平台运营者来说，其商业 模式、经营行为的合规边界也亟需适度指引。 一个不容忽视和回避的问题是，任何涉嫌垄断活动的行为，不论是垄断协议还是滥用市场支配地位，其 背后都存在一个普遍的问题症结，那就是交易相对弱势方的合法权益在现有秩序下未能获得充分满足， 如弱势方维权成本高，弱势方缺乏通透的维权渠道和司法救济能力，及信息的不对称性和不完备性等， 导致了侵权成本低、侵权发现成本高。 合作治理的 ...

近日，市场监管总局发布了《互联网平台反垄断合规指引（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《指 引》）。这是进一步健全完善平台经济反垄断制度规则体系，以反垄断合规推动平台经济健康发展的重 要举措。从内容看，《指引》在充分总结近年来我国平台反垄断执法经验的基础上，结合当前我国平台 经济领域出现的新情况新问题，做出的全面性、细致性、针对性反垄断合规制度建设，充分体现了反垄 断执法机构对平台经济规律性、科学性、系统性认识的不断深化，对引导互联网平台企业做好反垄断合 规管理，提供了更加明确、清晰的规则指引，对有效预防和化解垄断风险，促进平台经济规范健康发展 具有重要意义。 随着云计算、大数据、人工智能等新一代信息技术的深度应用，平台经济已经进入"智能算法+海 量数据"驱动增长的新阶段。《指引》充分认识平台经济的技术性特征，详细解构利用技术手段实施滥 用行为可能的具体形式和表现，为应对反垄断监管面临的技术挑战迈出重要一步。 （一）深刻认识技术"双刃剑"特性，以明确合规边界稳定市场预期。深入剖析平台企业利用掌握的 算法、数据、接口等技术手段可能实施的排除、限制竞争行为，对更好指导平台企业在业务实操中做好 反垄断合规具有很强的现实意义。 ...

Core Viewpoint - China is drafting new guidelines to optimize the competitive ecosystem of the platform economy, aiming to help platform operators identify and mitigate risks associated with the abuse of market dominance [1][2]. Group 1: Regulatory Framework - The State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) has released a draft titled "Antitrust Compliance Guidelines for Internet Platforms" for public consultation [1]. - The guidelines are intended to assist platform operators in accurately identifying, assessing, and preventing antitrust compliance risks, thereby clarifying behavioral boundaries and stabilizing market expectations [1]. Group 2: Market Dynamics - The rapid development of China's platform economy has led to significant risks of monopoly, as platform operators can influence competition through rules, data, algorithms, and technology [1]. - The guidelines emphasize that larger platform operators must regularly assess their market dominance to avoid engaging in anti-competitive practices [1]. Group 3: Specific Risks and Recommendations - The guidelines provide examples of potential monopolistic risks in various scenarios, including unfair pricing, below-cost sales, account bans, "choose one from two" practices, and differential treatment [2]. - SAMR aims to enhance the confidence of platform operators in fair competition, encouraging them to move away from low-level homogeneous competition and to unlock their potential for forward-looking research and development [2].

Core Viewpoint - The State Administration for Market Regulation has drafted the "Antitrust Compliance Guidelines for Internet Platforms (Draft for Comments)" to solicit public opinions, aiming to help platform operators identify and manage antitrust compliance risks effectively [1][2]. Group 1: Purpose and Nature of the Guidelines - The guidelines aim to promote innovation and healthy development in the platform economy by fostering a fair competitive market environment [2]. - The guidelines are non-binding and serve as a general reference for antitrust compliance, helping to reduce uncertainty costs for platform operators [2]. - The guidelines focus on enhancing the specificity and effectiveness of antitrust compliance management by summarizing regulatory enforcement experiences and identifying new types of monopolistic risks in eight scenarios [2][6]. Group 2: Identifying Monopolistic Agreement Risks - Platform operators are advised to avoid reaching monopolistic agreements during service provision or self-operated business activities [3]. - A basic analytical framework is provided for identifying monopolistic agreement risks, including assessing whether behaviors fall under prohibited conditions of the Antitrust Law [3][4]. - Specific behaviors that may constitute monopolistic agreements are detailed, guiding operators to prevent such risks [3]. Group 3: Identifying Abuse of Market Dominance Risks - Operators with significant market power should regularly assess their market dominance and avoid engaging in abusive behaviors [4][5]. - The guidelines outline factors to consider when determining market dominance, such as market share, competitive conditions, and dependency of other operators [5]. - Examples of abusive behaviors are provided, including unfair pricing and refusal to deal, to help operators understand and avoid such risks [5]. Group 4: Risk Management and Compliance - The guidelines encourage operators to establish a comprehensive risk management system, including risk assessment, reminders, prevention, and compliance rectification [7][9]. - Operators are advised to conduct risk assessments based on industry characteristics and market conditions, implementing a tiered management approach [7]. - The guidelines emphasize the importance of reviewing platform rules and algorithms to ensure compliance and mitigate risks [8]. Group 5: Establishing Compliance Mechanisms - Operators are encouraged to set up dedicated antitrust compliance management institutions and ensure effective implementation of compliance measures [9]. - The guidelines suggest creating a closed-loop risk management mechanism, including compliance reporting, training, and supervision [9].

市场监管总局研究起草了《互联网平台反垄断合规指引（征求意见稿）》（以下简称《指引》），于11月15日 面向社会公开征求意见，意见反馈截止日期为2025年11月29日。公众可以通过登录市场监管总局网站等方式提 出意见。 互联网平台网络效应明显，涉及平台经营者、平台内经营者、消费者和从业人员等多方主体。平台经营者具有 一定的管理者属性，通过平台规则、数据、算法、技术手段等影响平台竞争生态，一旦从事排除、限制竞争行 为，将会损害多方主体利益。执法实践显示，平台经济领域垄断风险多发，平台经营者期待反垄断执法机构制 定出台具有较强针对性和可操作性的合规指引。制定《指引》有利于帮助平台经营者精准识别、评估、防范反 垄断合规风险，进一步明晰行为边界，稳定市场预期，提振发展信心。 《指引》主要有哪些特点？ 从制定目的看，《指引》以促进平台经济创新和健康发展为出发点和落脚点。平台经济创新和健康发展离不开 公平竞争的市场环境。《指引》详细列举互联网平台可能发生的反垄断合规风险，引导平台经营者加强反垄断 合规管理，有效预防和制止垄断行为的发生，有利于营造公平竞争的市场环境，充分激发经营主体内生动力和 创新活力，不断提升竞争水平和发 ...

从制定目的看，《指引》以促进平台经济创新和健康发展为出发点和落脚点。平台经济创新和健康发展 离不开公平竞争的市场环境。《指引》详细列举互联网平台可能发生的反垄断合规风险，引导平台经营 者加强反垄断合规管理，有效预防和制止垄断行为的发生，有利于营造公平竞争的市场环境，充分激发 经营主体内生动力和创新活力，不断提升竞争水平和发展质量。 从文件性质看，《指引》是不具有强制力的专项反垄断合规指引。做好反垄断合规可以大幅降低平台经 营者的不确定性成本。《指引》旨在为平台经营者反垄断合规提供一般性指引，不具有强制力，是加强 全链条监管的创新举措，有利于帮助平台经营者精准识别、评估、防范反垄断合规风险，主动规范自身 经营行为。 从具体内容看，《指引》注重增强反垄断合规管理的针对性、有效性。《指引》结合平台经济行业特 点、经营模式、竞争规律等，及时总结反垄断监管执法经验，提出8个场景中的新型垄断风险，引导平 台经营者加强平台规则审查和算法筛查，构建全链条合规管理制度，针对性、穿透式做好反垄断合规管 理工作。 人民财讯11月15日电，市场监管总局起草了《互联网平台反垄断合规指引（征求意见稿）》，现向社会 公开征求意见，意见反馈 ...