央视网消息：刚刚过去的一年，对我国航天事业而言，是不平凡的一年。新年伊始，中国航天追梦不停步，持续刷新人类对宇宙的 认知边界。 记者从中国科学院空间应用中心获悉，2025年中国空间站空间科学、应用实验与技术试验项目进展顺利。2025年空间应用系统在轨 实施科学与应用项目新增31个，上行实验模块、单元及样品等科学物资约867.5 公斤，下行空间科学实验样品 83.92公斤，获取科学 祝融号发现火星约7.5亿年前仍有水活动 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所今天介绍，通过分析祝融号火星车获取的高频雷达数据，科研团队发现：火星表层在约7.5亿年前 仍存在显著水体活动。这将火星含水的历史向后推延了数亿年，为重新认识火星气候演化、地质过程及其潜在生命宜居性提供了新 证据。 中国空间站新增31个科学与应用项目 在空间生命科学领域，我国成功实现了中国空间站首次小鼠空间科学实验。在近日一场科学演讲活动中，专家向总台记者介绍了小 鼠的太空生活。 数据超过 150 TB，各领域科学团队产出系列原创性、前沿性、创新性的进展与成果，授权专利超过50 项。 漂浮睡觉 揭秘小鼠航天员的太空生活 中国科学院动物研究所副研究员 李天达：数据已经 ...

新华社洛杉矶12月4日电（记者谭晶晶）美国航天局4日表示，已选定两项科学仪器，计划在"阿耳忒弥 斯4号"任务期间由宇航员在月球南极地区部署，旨在提升人类对月球环境的认识，为未来月球及火星探 索提供技术和科学支持。 根据美航天局规划，"阿耳忒弥斯4号"是载人登月任务，计划不早于2028年9月实施。（完） SPSS将用于探测月球内部结构，记录月球遭受陨石撞击的频率，并实时监测月面地震环境，以评估宇 航员作业风险。宇航员还将使用一种名为"冲击器"的主动震源装置进行实验，产生地震能量，以探测着 陆点附近的浅层结构。 美航天局表示，这两项科学仪器已被选定进入进一步研发阶段，计划在"阿耳忒弥斯4号"任务中使用， 但最终载荷安排尚待后续确定。 这两项仪器分别是代号"DUSTER"的尘埃与等离子环境探测器，以及代号"SPSS"的月球南极地震台。 据介绍，DUSTER将重点研究月球尘埃问题。此前的探月活动显示，月尘黏附性强、磨蚀性大，是长期 开展月面活动面临的主要挑战之一。DUSTER由一组安装在小型自主巡视车上的仪器组成，将用于测量 着陆点周边的月尘和等离子体环境，评估其对宇航员活动及着陆器起降过程的影响。 ...

Core Points - NASA has selected a new group of 10 astronauts from over 8,000 applicants, marking the first time the number of women selected (6) exceeds that of men (4) [1] - This selection is part of NASA's ongoing efforts to prepare for future missions, including potential manned missions to Mars [1] - The new astronauts will undergo two years of training before they can qualify for missions, continuing a rigorous selection process that has seen only 370 individuals selected since 1959 [1] Group 1 - The new astronaut group includes individuals with diverse backgrounds, such as geologists, engineers from SpaceX, and military pilots [1] - Anna Menon, one of the selected astronauts, previously flew to space as part of SpaceX's commercial crew program, making her the first person to go to space before being selected by NASA [2] - The selection process is described as highly competitive, with officials noting that the chosen candidates are exceptionally qualified [1]

Overview of Mars - The report discusses the discovery process of Mars [1] - It also covers the parameters of Mars [1] Martian Features - The report highlights the Olympus Mons (奥林帕斯山) [1] - It also highlights the Valles Marineris (水手谷) [1] Space Exploration - The report mentions the possibility of life on Mars [1] - It also mentions the possibility of humans going to Mars, referencing the Mars One project (火星一号计划) [1] - The report touches upon the challenges of a one-way trip to Mars for humans [1] - It also mentions the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation (齐奥尔科夫斯基火箭方程) [1]

Group 1 - SpaceX canceled the tenth launch attempt of the "Starship" due to technical issues at the launch site in Texas, which was highly anticipated to achieve several key development milestones [1][2] - The "Starship" system, including the 70.7-meter "Super Heavy" booster and the 52-meter upper rocket, was prepared for launch but faced a ground system failure approximately 30 minutes before ignition [1][2] - The company plans to attempt the launch again as early as August 25, following a series of setbacks this year, including two early flight test failures and a significant explosion during ground testing in June [2][3] Group 2 - The "Starship" project is crucial for SpaceX's future launch operations and is key to Elon Musk's ambitions for Mars exploration, despite facing multiple challenges this year [2] - The latest version of "Starship" features enhanced thrust, potentially more durable heat shields, and stronger flaps to ensure stability and safety during atmospheric re-entry [2] - The planned launch included a soft water landing experiment for the "Super Heavy" booster in the Gulf of Mexico and a test of the new heat shield and flaps during re-entry over the Indian Ocean [3]

Group 1 - The article highlights the popularity of science museums among children during the summer, emphasizing the educational and entertaining aspects of these venues [1] - Various interactive activities and exhibits are designed to engage children in scientific exploration, such as the "small paper, big science" classroom that demonstrates folding techniques used in solar sails [3][8] - The China Science and Technology Museum has increased its exhibition activities during the summer, hosting over 360 educational events daily, including hands-on experiences with movable type printing and robotics [7] Group 2 - Science museums across the country are featuring cutting-edge technology themes, such as space exploration and robotics, which attract many children to participate in unique educational activities [8] - The "Let's Go Build on Mars!" exhibition in Wuhan showcases Mars' geology and development prospects through immersive design and interactive games [8][11] - In Mianyang, the Robot Innovation Museum captivates students with performances by dancing robots and AI interactive humanoid robots, enhancing their understanding of robotics and technology [13]

Core Viewpoint - SpaceX's ninth test flight of the "Starship" rocket was unsuccessful, with the first stage booster exploding and the second stage spacecraft losing control, although some progress was noted compared to previous flights [2][4][5]. Group 1: Test Flight Details - The "Super Heavy" booster experienced an explosion shortly after launch, while the "Starship" spacecraft successfully entered space but failed to deploy its side hatch to release a simulated satellite [4]. - A fuel tank system leak caused the loss of control over the "Starship," leading to its expected uncontrolled descent into the Indian Ocean [4][5]. - The Federal Aviation Administration confirmed the failure of the test flight but noted that there were no injuries or damage to public property [5]. Group 2: Progress and Future Plans - Elon Musk stated that the "Starship" successfully completed its main engine shutdown procedure and made significant progress compared to the last flight, with no major heat shield tile loss during ascent [5]. - SpaceX plans to accelerate the pace of future test flights, aiming for launches every 3 to 4 weeks [5]. - The "Starship" rocket, approximately 120 meters long and 9 meters in diameter, is designed for reusability and aims to transport humans and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, and Mars [5]. Group 3: Mars Mission Timeline - Musk has frequently adjusted the timeline for the "Starship" Mars missions, previously stating that the first uncrewed mission could occur within five years and the first crewed mission within seven years [6]. - Musk indicated that the "Starship" could carry Tesla's humanoid robot "Optimus" to Mars by the end of 2026, with the earliest crewed mission potentially in 2029, though 2031 is more likely [5][6].

Core Viewpoint - The recent test flight of SpaceX's "Starship" ended in failure, with the first stage booster experiencing an explosion and the second stage spacecraft losing control, leading to an unplanned disintegration during re-entry [1][2][5]. Group 1: Test Flight Details - The ninth test flight of "Starship" took place on March 28, with the first stage booster losing contact during descent and presumed to have crashed into the ocean instead of performing a controlled splashdown [1]. - Approximately half an hour after launch, SpaceX reported a loss of attitude control of the "Starship," resulting in the spacecraft flipping and undergoing an unplanned disintegration during its return to Earth [2]. Group 2: Previous Test Flight Outcomes - The eighth test flight of "Starship" also ended in failure, with the second stage spacecraft experiencing a rapid unexpected disintegration due to an "energy event" that caused multiple Raptor engines to fail [5]. - Following the eighth flight, SpaceX coordinated with the FAA and other safety agencies to implement emergency response measures, confirming that debris fell into a designated area without toxic substances, minimizing environmental impact [5]. Group 3: Future Plans and Developments - Elon Musk announced plans for the "Starship" to carry Tesla's humanoid robot "Optimus" to Mars by the end of 2026, with the earliest crewed Mars mission potentially occurring in 2029, though 2031 is considered more likely [6]. - The "Starship" rocket, measuring approximately 120 meters in length and 9 meters in diameter, consists of two reusable stages designed to transport people and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, and Mars [6].

Group 1 - Musk is refocusing on the operations of X, xAI, and Tesla, indicating a return to a rigorous work schedule due to critical technology releases [1] - Tesla's upcoming projects include the launch of a robotaxi platform in Austin, the introduction of Cybercab, and several affordable new models in the first half of the year, which are crucial for the company's future [2] - SpaceX is preparing for its ninth Starship test flight, with Musk emphasizing the urgency of achieving his Mars ambitions, aiming to send a fleet to Mars during a favorable window in 2026 [3] Group 2 - Musk's political engagement has decreased, with fewer visits to Washington and a significant drop in his social media activity, focusing more on his companies rather than political news [4] - Despite significant layoffs and budget cuts, Musk expressed dissatisfaction with his achievements in reducing federal spending, which has impacted Tesla's sales and led to internal conflicts [4] - Musk remains a close advisor to Trump, indicating ongoing political connections despite his reduced public presence [5]

Group 1 - The article discusses Elon Musk's declining reputation in the U.S. and his recent media appearances to clarify his actions and thoughts [2][3] - Musk highlights four major issues within the U.S. federal government, including software license inefficiencies, excessive government credit cards, and a lack of accountability in funding non-profit organizations [5][6][10] - He claims that approximately $1 trillion in waste and fraud can be eliminated from government spending by improving transparency and data analysis [11][12] Group 2 - Musk expresses concerns about the future of artificial intelligence (AI), stating that it poses both risks and opportunities, and predicts that AI will surpass human intelligence within the next decade [17][18][20] - He emphasizes the potential of AI to revolutionize various sectors, including healthcare, where AI can provide better diagnostics than human doctors [22] - Musk warns of the existential risks associated with AI, suggesting that it could lead to significant societal changes and challenges in finding purpose in life [23][24] Group 3 - The article outlines Musk's commitment to Mars exploration, emphasizing the need for a second planet to ensure the survival of human civilization [28][29] - Musk discusses the advancements in SpaceX's rocket technology, particularly the goal of achieving fully reusable rockets to drastically reduce the cost of space travel [30][35] - He details the challenges of developing effective heat shield technology for spacecraft, which is crucial for safe re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere [40][41]