在不久前召开的高质量完成"十四五"规划系列主题新闻发布会上，教育部部长怀进鹏介绍，学科专业目 录已经从10年前每10年修订一次，到现在每年更新发布急需学科专业清单，这两年多，学科专业点调整 比例超过20%。这使得学科专业动态调整这一高等教育领域热点话题再次引发关注。 高校学科专业是人才培养的核心载体，其调整模式从"10年修订一次"变为了"年度更新"，备案审批、预 警退出等动态优化机制日趋刚性，学科专业"追新裁旧"进程日益加速。在此背景下，如何构建既能快速 响应需求又能坚守育人本质的专业发展生态，已成为高校在人才供给浪潮中所面临的新时代命题。 调整周期大幅缩短 西南政法大学教务处处长蒋亚娟告诉科技日报记者，改变学科专业调整周期，旨在让高等教育更快响应 国家战略需求以及科技革命和产业变革提出的新要求。 今年4月，教育部公布2024年度本科专业备案和审批结果并更新发布本科专业目录，此次增设的智能分 子工程、碳中和科学与工程等29种新专业，充分体现国家战略、市场需求和科技发展牵引。 蒋亚娟认为，学科专业增减、冷热更迭的根本逻辑，是更好服务国家重大战略和经济发展需求。从政策 上看，我国的学科专业调整始终将现实发展需求放 ...

Group 1 - The Ministry of Education has added 29 urgently needed undergraduate majors, including health and medical security, intelligent audio-visual engineering, and international cruise management, resulting in a total of 1,839 new undergraduate program points while canceling 1,428 and suspending 2,220 programs that do not meet demand [1] - The Ministry aims to implement the "Education Strong Country Construction Plan Outline (2024-2035)" and the three-year action plan by supporting the establishment of "Low Altitude Technology and Engineering" as a new discipline, breaking the three-year review cycle for degree authorization [1][2] - Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA) has taken the lead in drafting guidelines for the construction of the low altitude technology and engineering discipline, prompting 120 universities nationwide to apply for the establishment of related disciplines [2] Group 2 - The Ministry emphasizes maintaining high-quality teaching standards and talent cultivation in newly established disciplines, ensuring they align with national strategic needs and have adequate support systems [2] - BUAA has implemented a systematic approach to discipline construction, integrating six colleges and seven disciplines, and has initiated a project-based teaching system for students to work on real projects from their second to fourth years [3] - The university has also planned and initiated low altitude professional textbooks and established a collaborative management system across multiple campuses to enhance the development of the low altitude sector [3]

Core Insights - The Ministry of Education has updated the "Directory of Undergraduate Majors in General Higher Education (2025)", adding 29 new majors to better align with national strategic needs and high-quality development [1] Group 1: New Majors - The new directory includes 93 categories and 845 types of majors, reflecting a comprehensive response to national strategy, market demand, and technological advancements [1] - Newly added majors include Regional Studies, Carbon Neutral Science and Engineering, Marine Science and Technology, and Health and Medical Security, which are aligned with national strategic needs [1] - To address technological frontiers, new majors such as Intelligent Molecular Engineering, Medical Devices and Equipment Engineering, and Spatiotemporal Information Engineering have been introduced [1] Group 2: Market Demand Adaptation - The updated directory also includes majors that respond to market demands, such as International Cruise Management and Aviation Sports [1] - A focus on artificial intelligence's role in economic and social development is evident with the introduction of majors like Artificial Intelligence Education, Intelligent Audiovisual Engineering, and Digital Drama [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant changes in higher education in China, particularly the cancellation of traditional majors and the rise of new fields like artificial intelligence and big data, reflecting the evolving job market and educational needs [4][14][16]. Group 1: Major Cancellations and Trends - In 2024, a total of 1,428 academic programs were canceled, and 2,220 programs ceased enrollment, indicating a shift in educational focus [4][6]. - Engineering accounted for 32.84% of the canceled programs, followed by management (18.73%), with other fields like science and arts also seeing significant reductions [6][8]. - The most canceled major was Information Management and Information Systems, with 160 cancellations, followed by Public Administration with 138 [8]. Group 2: Impact on Students - Current students are directly affected by these changes, facing uncertainty and anxiety regarding their future career paths as their majors disappear [9][11]. - Students express feelings of despair and confusion about their professional identities, as seen in the experiences of students from various programs [9][12]. Group 3: Labor Market Dynamics - The labor market is undergoing transformation, with traditional programs failing to meet the evolving demands of employers, particularly in fields like Public Administration [14][15]. - New job roles in AI and digital sectors are emerging, but there is a mismatch between the skills taught in universities and the requirements of these roles [15][16]. - The demand for specialized skills in AI and data management is increasing, leading to the establishment of new programs in these areas [16][23]. Group 4: Future of Disappearing Majors - The cancellation of certain majors does not equate to a lack of demand for related skills; rather, it signifies a shift towards more relevant and specialized fields [18][21]. - The trend indicates that while some traditional fields may decline, the need for skilled professionals in emerging areas remains strong, necessitating continuous skill development [23][24].

Core Insights - The introduction of the International Cruise Management major in 2025 reflects the growing demand for high-end cruise talent in China as the country's cruise industry gains international competitiveness [1][11] - The curriculum focuses on various aspects of cruise operations, including route planning, high-end service, safety, environmental considerations, and efficient operations [3][6] - The cruise economy is experiencing rapid growth, driven by favorable policies such as visa-free entry for cruise passengers, which has significantly increased tourist arrivals [11][18] Industry Overview - The cruise industry is becoming a new hotspot in China's tourism market, with predictions of entering a second golden decade of development after a recovery period in 2024 and 2025 [18] - The "Aida·Magic City" cruise ship has seen substantial operational activity, with over 4000 passengers served per voyage and a diverse international crew [12][16] - The demand for skilled professionals in international cruise management and operations is increasing due to the expanding market and the introduction of new cruise routes [16][18]