9月27日至30日，第三届全球海斗深渊生物地质环境国际会议在海南三亚崖州湾科技城高新区召开。会 议期间，由中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所联合多国科研机构共同发起的联合国"海洋十年"全球深渊 探索计划正式启动。该计划旨在搭建国际合作平台，共同推动全球深渊科学可持续发展。 本次会议由深海科学与智能技术全国重点实验室、中国科学院深海科学与工程研究所联合金砖国家深海 资源国际研究中心、南丹麦大学国家深渊中心、智利康赛普西翁大学千年海洋研究所、新西兰地球科学 研究院共同主办，海南省科学技术厅、中国科学院国际合作局、中国21世纪议程管理中心、三亚市人民 政府为指导单位。 海斗深渊，或称深渊（Hadal）是指深度超过6000米的深海区域，以高压、低温、无光、地质构造活跃 和生态系统独特而著称，是海洋科学和地球科学的前沿领域。近年来，在科技部、中国科学院和海南省 的支持下，依托"奋斗者"号全海深载人潜水器，中国科学家已完成9条全球主要深渊海沟的载人科考， 取得了一系列重大发现。 会议围绕深渊地质、环境与生命科学三大主题，设置多场专题报告与讨论，涵盖深渊科学多学科基础研 究、深渊探索的前沿技术和跨学科应用。中外专家展示了最新研 ...

Core Insights - The "Global Abyss Exploration Program," led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has made a significant discovery of the deepest known chemosynthetic life community and associated geological fluid activity at a depth of 9,533 meters in the Northwest Pacific's Chiba-Kamchatka Trench and Aleutian Trench [1][2] - The research utilized the "Fendouzhe" manned submersible to uncover large-scale chemosynthetic life communities and methane reservoirs, primarily consisting of deep-sea tube worms and bivalve mollusks that rely on hydrogen sulfide and methane-rich fluids for sustenance [1] - Geochemical analysis indicates that the methane in these environments is produced by microorganisms deep within sediment layers, suggesting the existence of a previously unknown, large, active deep biosphere beneath the abyssal seafloor [1] - This discovery challenges the traditional view that abyssal ecosystems primarily depend on organic particles and animal remains sinking from the ocean surface, providing a new perspective on the complex mechanisms of deep-sea carbon cycling [1] - The research not only identifies new species of chemosynthetic life but also suggests that chemosynthetic organisms may significantly influence the structure of abyssal ecosystems and global carbon cycling [1] - Scientists hypothesize that this phenomenon is not unique, indicating the presence of a "chemosynthetic life corridor" in global abyssal trenches [1]

Core Insights - The "Fendouzhe" submersible has discovered the world's deepest and largest chemosynthetic life community at nearly 10,000 meters deep in the ocean, challenging previous beliefs about life at extreme depths [1][2]. Group 1: Discovery and Exploration - The discovery was part of China's "Global Abyss Exploration Program," led by the Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, and took place in the Kuroshio-Kamchatka Trench and Aleutian Trench at a depth of 9,533 meters [2]. - The findings reveal a vibrant ecosystem at the ocean floor, spanning 2,500 kilometers, which contradicts the traditional understanding of life existing at such extreme depths [2]. Group 2: Survival Mechanisms - The survival of these deep-sea organisms relies on sediment at the ocean floor, where fluids rich in hydrogen sulfide and methane emerge, serving as food sources for these organisms [3]. - These deep-sea residents possess pressure-resistant mechanisms capable of withstanding 1,000 atmospheres and have "micro-factories" that convert these chemical substances into nutrients necessary for survival [3]. Group 3: Implications for Carbon Cycle - Methane, which nourishes these chemosynthetic communities, is produced by microorganisms located even deeper in the ocean, suggesting the existence of a larger ecosystem that transforms buried carbon into methane, forming vast methane reserves [3]. - This hidden "carbon factory" at the ocean floor may play a significant role in regulating the global carbon cycle and potentially influencing climate change [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the commitment to building a strong technological nation through innovative research and development efforts in various scientific fields, highlighting the contributions of five representatives from the technology sector [1][3]. Group 1: Deep-Sea Exploration - The "Fighter" deep-sea manned submersible, designed by Ye Cong, has achieved significant milestones, including a record dive depth of 10,909 meters and over 300 dives in the past five years, collaborating with four countries to gather environmental data and discover new deep-sea species [3][4]. - Future plans include advancing the intelligence, lineage, and systematization of manned deep-sea submersibles to support deep-sea exploration, protection, and development [3]. Group 2: Electromagnetic Compatibility - Su Donglin, an academician, aims to transform the understanding of electromagnetic compatibility from a perceived "mystery" into a scientific discipline, addressing its relevance in everyday appliances and large vehicles [3][4]. - The team has successfully identified the inherent laws of electromagnetic emissions and proposed the electromagnetic interference factor set theory, emphasizing the importance of practical problem-solving in scientific research [4]. Group 3: Ecological Research in Xinjiang - Zhang Yuanming, director of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, focuses on understanding how unique biological resources in arid regions adapt to harsh environments, contributing to the national ecological assessment and development roadmap [5]. - The ongoing third comprehensive scientific survey in Xinjiang aims to evaluate ecological carrying capacity and inform future development strategies [5]. Group 4: Science Education and Outreach - Chen Zheng, a professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, is dedicated to science education and outreach, aiming to make abstract scientific knowledge accessible and engaging for students [6]. - His involvement in national science popularization initiatives and the development of educational tools has significantly impacted science education across numerous universities [6]. Group 5: Artificial Intelligence Development - Summer Lixue, a young entrepreneur, leads a team focused on overcoming computational bottlenecks to promote the widespread application of artificial intelligence across various industries [6]. - The company aims to achieve efficient implementation and broad accessibility of AI technologies, reflecting the mission of the new generation of technology workers [6].