Group 1: Deep Sea Exploration and Development - The "Fendouzhe" manned submersible has discovered a vast "life oasis" extending 2,500 kilometers in the Pacific Ocean at a depth of 9,533 meters, marking significant progress in China's deep-sea exploration efforts [3] - China's first self-operated deep-water oil field, the Liuhua Oil Field, has achieved record high oil and gas production, highlighting the country's advancements in deep-sea energy development [6][7] - Over the past five years, China's offshore crude oil production has increased to 58.61 million tons, with an increase of over 16 million tons from offshore sources, accounting for more than 70% of the total increase in national crude oil production [9] Group 2: Technological Advancements in Deep Sea and Deep Earth - New deep-sea equipment has been showcased, including the installation of the largest number of intelligent unmanned wellhead platforms in the Kenli 6-1 oil field in Bohai Sea [10][12] - A key technological breakthrough has been achieved in China's first deep-sea carbon dioxide storage project in the Pearl River Estuary, contributing to carbon reduction goals [14] - The first underwater robot with a seven-function mechanical arm has been successfully deployed in the Beibu Gulf, providing technical support for intelligent deep-sea operations [16] Group 3: Deep Earth Exploration - China's deep drilling capabilities have advanced significantly, with the time taken to drill from 9,000 meters to over 10,000 meters reduced to just three years [19] - The Tiefu T1 well successfully drilled to a depth of 10,910 meters, marking a historic achievement in deep earth exploration and the first detection of oil and gas at such depths [20][25] - The drilling process faced challenges, including a significant delay when nearing the 10,000-meter mark due to equipment issues, emphasizing the risks associated with deep drilling [22][24] Group 4: Lunar Exploration Achievements - China's lunar exploration program has successfully completed its "orbit, land, return" mission with the Chang'e 5 mission, returning 1,731 grams of lunar samples [27] - The Chang'e 6 mission, launched in May 2024, successfully returned 1,935.3 grams of samples from the moon's far side, marking a world first in lunar exploration [29] - Ongoing lunar exploration efforts include the upcoming Chang'e 7 mission in 2026, aimed at searching for water ice on the moon's south pole, and the Chang'e 8 mission planned for around 2029 [32]

Core Insights - The Chinese lunar exploration program has made significant advancements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, achieving historic milestones in lunar sample collection and exploration [2][3][5] - The Chang'e 6 mission successfully collected approximately 1935.3 grams of lunar soil from the far side of the moon, marking the first time humanity has retrieved samples from this region [5][19] - The program has contributed to the global scientific community, with over 1900 research papers published based on data from the lunar exploration missions [7] Group 1: Chang'e Missions - Chang'e 5 returned 1731 grams of lunar samples from the moon's near side, completing China's first lunar sample return mission [3][5] - The Chang'e 6 mission, launched on May 3, 2024, successfully returned with samples from the moon's far side after a 53-day journey [5][19] - The Chang'e program has followed a "orbit, land, return" strategy since its inception in 2004, with significant achievements in lunar exploration [2][3] Group 2: Scientific Contributions - The discovery of a new mineral, "Chang'e Stone," has filled an international gap in lunar mineralogy [7] - Research on the samples collected by Chang'e 6 has revealed that the South Pole-Aitken Basin formed approximately 4.25 billion years ago [7] - The lunar exploration efforts are paving the way for future missions, including Chang'e 7 and 8, which aim to explore the lunar south pole and validate resource utilization techniques [9][21] Group 3: Future Missions and Goals - Chang'e 7 is set to land in the lunar south pole region to search for evidence of water ice, while Chang'e 8 is planned for around 2029 to support the construction of an international lunar research station [9][11] - The ongoing lunar exploration efforts are expected to establish the moon as a potential hub for deep space exploration [21] - The Chinese space program is also planning a kinetic impact demonstration mission to test asteroid defense strategies [25]

Core Points - The Harbin Institute of Technology's Aerospace Museum showcases significant milestones in China's space exploration history, featuring models of key spacecraft and rockets [1][3][4] - Established in 1986, the museum is the largest aerospace-themed exhibition hall in Chinese universities, with a rich collection of exhibits [4] - The museum highlights China's advancements in deep space exploration, including the Chang'e lunar missions and the Tianwen-1 Mars probe, reflecting the nation's commitment to pioneering space technology [5] Group 1 - The museum features models of the Long March 1 rocket, Dongfeng 2 missile, and Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, representing China's space achievements [1] - Exhibits include the "Dongfanghong 1" satellite and the "Jianbing 1" return capsule, symbolizing the efforts of Chinese aerospace professionals [3] - The museum's collection includes advanced materials used in space missions, showcasing China's technological capabilities in deep space exploration [5]

Core Insights - The article highlights the role of university science exhibition halls in inspiring youth to embrace scientific spirit and contribute to technological self-reliance in China [1][2][3][4] Group 1: Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) - HIT's Aerospace Museum is the largest and most comprehensive aerospace-themed exhibition hall in Chinese universities, showcasing the development of China's aerospace industry through various exhibits [1] - The museum features significant milestones in missile technology and satellite launches, reflecting the dedication and intelligence of Chinese aerospace professionals [2] - The museum's interactive experience encourages students to integrate classroom knowledge with practical applications, fostering a spirit of exploration and research [2] Group 2: Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) - NPU's Military Quality Education Practice Center serves as a window to showcase the evolution of aviation, aerospace, and marine technology, supporting national defense education and talent cultivation [3] - The center's outdoor exhibition area displays notable military equipment, including the Y-20 transport aircraft, which symbolizes innovation and national pride [3] - Student guides express a commitment to contributing to technological self-reliance, inspired by the achievements of alumni and research teams [3] Group 3: Northwest A&F University - The Northwest A&F University Exhibition Park combines agricultural technology display with science education, featuring multiple specialized museums [4] - The park provides an immersive experience for new students, linking exhibits to their academic disciplines and enhancing their understanding of agricultural science [4] - Students are encouraged to develop a strong agricultural sentiment and apply their knowledge to contribute to rural revitalization and the construction of a strong agricultural nation [4]

Core Insights - The research conducted by Chinese scientists on the lunar samples from the Chang'e 6 mission reveals that the lunar mantle on the far side of the Moon is cooler compared to the near side, enhancing the understanding of the Moon's "bipolarity" phenomenon [1][7] - This study provides critical scientific data for understanding the evolution of the Moon and the temperature differences between the lunar mantle on both sides [1] Research Findings - The analysis of basalt samples from the far side of the Moon indicates that the crystallization temperature of these samples is approximately 1100°C, which is about 100°C lower than that of samples from the near side, such as those from the Chang'e 5 mission [2] - The potential temperature of the lunar mantle on the far side is found to be around 1400°C, which is lower than the near side's potential temperature of approximately 1500°C [4] - Remote sensing data corroborates these findings, showing that the potential temperature of the lunar mantle on the far side is about 70°C lower than that on the near side, further validating the research results [4] Lunar Characteristics - The study highlights significant differences between the near and far sides of the Moon, including topography, elemental distribution, and geological features, which are collectively referred to as the "bipolarity" phenomenon [7] - The near side is characterized by a relatively flat terrain with extensive basaltic plains, covering over 30% of its surface, while the far side has only about 1% to 2% of such plains [7] - The near side is richer in radioactive elements compared to the far side, which is considered a key scientific question in lunar exploration [7]

Core Insights - The research challenges the long-held belief that the Moon became "dormant" 3 billion years ago, revealing that volcanic activity persisted during its "late period" [1][2] - A new thermodynamic mechanism is proposed, indicating that magma was trapped in the upper mantle, leading to volcanic eruptions due to heat transfer [2][3] Group 1: Research Findings - The Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6 missions returned basalt samples dated at 2.0 billion and 2.8 billion years, respectively, confirming ongoing volcanic activity [1] - Two distinct types of basalt were identified from the Chang'e 6 samples, originating from different depths in the Moon's mantle: ultra-low-titanium basalt from over 120 km deep and low-titanium basalt from 60-80 km deep [1][2] - The study revealed that the volcanic activity's heat source transitioned around 3 billion years ago, shifting from a complex array of sources to a dominant upward heat transfer mechanism [2] Group 2: Implications - The findings provide new insights into the thermal evolution history of the Moon and may serve as a reference for understanding volcanic activity mechanisms on other small, airless celestial bodies [3]

Core Viewpoint - Recent research indicates that the Moon, previously thought to be "dormant" for 3 billion years, has experienced volcanic activity during this period, challenging existing beliefs about lunar evolution [2][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6 missions returned basalt samples that are 2 billion and 2.8 billion years old, respectively, confirming volcanic eruptions occurred during the Moon's "dormant" phase [2]. - A systematic study of the Chang'e 6 samples revealed two types of basalt formed around 2.8 and 2.9 billion years ago, with distinct compositions and depths of origin [3]. - The study identified "ultra-low titanium basalt" from deep within the lunar mantle (over 120 kilometers) and "low titanium basalt" from shallower depths (60 to 80 kilometers) [3]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Volcanic Activity - Traditional theories suggested that late lunar volcanic activity was linked to water-rich or radioactive heat sources, but the samples from Chang'e missions disproved this, showing dry and lacking radioactive elements [3]. - A new thermal dynamic mechanism was proposed, indicating that as the Moon cooled, magma became trapped in the shallow mantle, leading to partial melting and subsequent volcanic eruptions [3]. Group 3: Implications and Future Research - Analysis of global lunar remote sensing data revealed a significant change in volcanic heat dynamics around 3 billion years ago, shifting from diverse heat sources to a dominant upward heat transfer mechanism [4]. - The chemical characteristics of late volcanic rocks on the Moon's near side are similar to those of the Chang'e 5 basalt, while the far side is more akin to the ultra-low titanium basalt from Chang'e 6, suggesting compositional differences in the lunar mantle [4]. - This research not only enhances understanding of the Moon's thermal evolution history but also provides insights into volcanic activity mechanisms on other small, airless celestial bodies [4].

Core Insights - The research indicates that the Moon, previously thought to be "dormant" for 3 billion years, has experienced volcanic activity during this period, as evidenced by samples returned from the Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6 missions [1][3][4] - The study reveals that the Moon's interior still retains some heat, challenging previous assumptions about its thermal evolution [1][4] Group 1: Research Findings - The Chang'e 6 mission identified two types of basalt formed around 2.8 and 2.9 billion years ago, with distinct compositions and depths of origin: "ultra-low titanium basalt" from over 120 kilometers deep and "low titanium basalt" from 60 to 80 kilometers [3][4] - Traditional theories suggesting that late volcanic activity was linked to water-rich or radioactive heat sources have been disproven; the samples indicate that the source regions are "dry" and lack radioactive heat elements [3][4] - A new thermal dynamic mechanism is proposed, where magma is trapped in the shallow mantle due to the thickening lithosphere, leading to partial melting and subsequent volcanic eruptions [3][4] Group 2: Implications and Future Research - Analysis of lunar remote sensing data shows a significant change in volcanic heat dynamics around 3 billion years ago, shifting from a complex heat source to a dominant upward heat transfer mechanism [4] - The chemical characteristics of late volcanic rocks on the Moon's near side are similar to those of the Chang'e 5 basalt, while the far side is more akin to the ultra-low titanium basalt from Chang'e 6, suggesting compositional differences in the lunar mantle [4] - This research not only enhances understanding of the Moon's thermal evolution but also provides insights into volcanic activity mechanisms on other small, airless celestial bodies [4]

Group 1 - The core theme of the article revolves around the recognition of individuals who have made significant contributions to society, particularly in the fields of science and military service, as highlighted in the "Touching China 2024 Annual Person Award Ceremony" [1][44] - Scientist Luan Enjie, a key figure in China's lunar exploration program, is honored for his dedication and contributions to space exploration, emphasizing that the mission to the moon is a national endeavor rather than a personal one [1][15] - The article also pays tribute to veteran Li Dengyue, who participated in the anti-Japanese war and has dedicated his life to serving the country, showcasing the spirit of sacrifice and patriotism [1][29] Group 2 - Luan Enjie, who initially studied electrical engineering, became involved in the aerospace industry due to national defense needs, leading to his pivotal role in China's space missions [3][6] - The successful launch of the Chang'e 1 satellite in 2007 marked the beginning of China's lunar exploration efforts, with Luan Enjie serving as a consultant for major projects in manned spaceflight and lunar exploration [8][10] - The Chang'e 5 mission in 2020 successfully returned with 1,731 grams of lunar samples, establishing China as a leader in lunar exploration technology [12][13] Group 3 - Li Dengyue's decision to join the army was influenced by the atrocities committed by Japanese forces during World War II, demonstrating the impact of personal experiences on his commitment to national defense [19][25] - His experiences during the Korean War further shaped his character, as he witnessed the harsh realities of war and the sacrifices made by fellow soldiers [25][27] - The article highlights the enduring legacy of the Liu Laozhuang Company, a heroic unit formed during the anti-Japanese war, which continues to inspire new generations of soldiers [37][42] Group 4 - The story of Fan Zhenxi illustrates the transformation of a struggling village into a prosperous community through his leadership and dedication to rural revitalization, emphasizing the importance of trust and responsibility in community development [32][36] - Fan Zhenxi's personal battle with leukemia while working for the betterment of his village showcases resilience and commitment to public service [34][36] - The article concludes with a tribute to the Liu Laozhuang Company, commemorating their sacrifices during the anti-Japanese war and their ongoing legacy of bravery and dedication [39][42]

Core Points - The exhibition "Endless Exploration: China's Aerospace, Aviation, and Navigation" was jointly organized by the China National Space Administration and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government, showcasing China's latest achievements in these fields [1][2] - This is the first time the China National Space Administration has held an exhibition abroad that covers aerospace, aviation, and navigation [1] - Highlighted exhibits include lunar samples from the Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6 missions, models of the J-20, Y-20, Z-20 aircraft, and naval vessels such as the Shandong aircraft carrier and the large LNG transport ship [1] Industry Insights - The exhibition also features Hong Kong's achievements in aerospace and navigation, emphasizing collaboration with the mainland [2] - A series of popular science lectures by experts in aerospace, aviation, and navigation will be conducted during the exhibition [2] - The exhibition is set to run until September 7 [2]