我国科研人员制作的月球背面影像图。新华社发（中国科学院供图） 已经"休眠"的月球，依然发生火山喷发，是何原因？ 从嫦娥五号到嫦娥六号，由中国探月工程月球探测器带回来的年轻玄武岩如同月球"心跳"的记录 仪，最新研究结果显示：月球内核在探测时仍有余温，故事比想象中精彩。 基于对嫦娥六号两类玄武岩的对比，研究团队提出了一个新的热动力机制：随着月球冷却，其岩石 圈不断增厚，深部岩浆难以直接喷出，只能滞留在月幔浅部辉石岩层的底部。这些"被卡住的"岩浆可向 上传导热量，从而触发浅部月幔部分熔融，导致火山喷发。 为进一步验证该模型，团队还分析了全月球遥感数据，发现约30亿年前后月球火山活动的热动力机 制发生明显转变：30亿年前热源复杂多样，可能包括放射性物质、潮汐力和陨石撞击等；30亿年之后则 趋于单一，自下而上的热传输机制占据主导，使得年轻时期的月球火山活动源区集中在浅部月幔。 对全月球遥感数据的进一步分析显示，月球正面的晚期火山岩石化学特征基本都与嫦娥五号玄武岩 相近，而背面则更大多接近嫦娥六号的超低钛玄武岩。这表明月球正面和背面的月幔组成可能存在差 异：正面月幔浅部含钛铁矿较多，而背面则相对较少。这一发现为理解月球的 ...

已经"休眠"的月球，依然发生火山喷发，是何原因？ 从嫦娥五号到嫦娥六号，由中国探月工程月球探测器带回来的年轻玄武岩如同月球"心跳"的记录仪，最新 研究结果显示：月球内核在探测时仍有余温，故事比想象中精彩。 此前，科学家们普遍认为月球在30亿年前就已"休眠"，火山活动基本停止。然而，我国嫦娥五号和嫦娥六 号任务分别带回20亿年和28亿年前形成的玄武岩样品，证实月球在"休眠"期间依然发生了火山喷发。 在嫦娥六号样品中，研究团队识别出两类形成时间相近（约28亿和29亿年前）但成分和来源深度迥异的玄 武岩：其中，一类源自月幔深处（超过120公里）的"超低钛玄武岩"；另一类"低钛玄武岩"则来自较浅的月 幔（60至80公里）。 通过模拟月球内部的高温高压环境，研究人员发现，这两类岩石来自月球早期岩浆海洋冷却后形成的不同 岩层：普通的辉石岩层和含钛铁矿的辉石岩层。 传统观点曾推测，月球晚期火山活动可能与源区富水或富含放射性生热元素有关，但嫦娥五号、嫦娥六号 样品均否定了这一假说：它们的源区既"干燥"又缺乏放射性生热元素。 基于对嫦娥六号两类玄武岩的对比，研究团队提出了一个新的热动力机制：随着月球冷却，其岩石圈不断 增厚，深 ...

Group 1 - The core theme of the article revolves around the recognition of individuals who have made significant contributions to society, particularly in the fields of science and military service, as highlighted in the "Touching China 2024 Annual Person Award Ceremony" [1][44] - Scientist Luan Enjie, a key figure in China's lunar exploration program, is honored for his dedication and contributions to space exploration, emphasizing that the mission to the moon is a national endeavor rather than a personal one [1][15] - The article also pays tribute to veteran Li Dengyue, who participated in the anti-Japanese war and has dedicated his life to serving the country, showcasing the spirit of sacrifice and patriotism [1][29] Group 2 - Luan Enjie, who initially studied electrical engineering, became involved in the aerospace industry due to national defense needs, leading to his pivotal role in China's space missions [3][6] - The successful launch of the Chang'e 1 satellite in 2007 marked the beginning of China's lunar exploration efforts, with Luan Enjie serving as a consultant for major projects in manned spaceflight and lunar exploration [8][10] - The Chang'e 5 mission in 2020 successfully returned with 1,731 grams of lunar samples, establishing China as a leader in lunar exploration technology [12][13] Group 3 - Li Dengyue's decision to join the army was influenced by the atrocities committed by Japanese forces during World War II, demonstrating the impact of personal experiences on his commitment to national defense [19][25] - His experiences during the Korean War further shaped his character, as he witnessed the harsh realities of war and the sacrifices made by fellow soldiers [25][27] - The article highlights the enduring legacy of the Liu Laozhuang Company, a heroic unit formed during the anti-Japanese war, which continues to inspire new generations of soldiers [37][42] Group 4 - The story of Fan Zhenxi illustrates the transformation of a struggling village into a prosperous community through his leadership and dedication to rural revitalization, emphasizing the importance of trust and responsibility in community development [32][36] - Fan Zhenxi's personal battle with leukemia while working for the betterment of his village showcases resilience and commitment to public service [34][36] - The article concludes with a tribute to the Liu Laozhuang Company, commemorating their sacrifices during the anti-Japanese war and their ongoing legacy of bravery and dedication [39][42]

Core Insights - The article discusses the recent findings from China's Chang'e 6 mission, which successfully returned lunar samples from the Moon's far side, specifically the South Pole-Aitken Basin, revealing significant insights into the Moon's geological history and evolution [1][2][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - Four key research outcomes were published in the journal Nature, focusing on lunar magma activity, ancient magnetic fields, water content in the mantle, and mantle evolution characteristics [2][4]. - The samples returned by Chang'e 6, weighing 1935.3 grams, provided unique information about the Moon's early internal structure and the differences between the near and far sides of the Moon [3][4]. - The initial materials forming the basaltic rocks were found to be extremely "depleted," offering insights into the Moon's cooling and evolution processes [4][9]. Group 2: Mission Background and Execution - Prior to the launch of Chang'e 6, research plans were established, and a dedicated team was formed to analyze the samples upon their return [5][6]. - The Chang'e 6 mission was noted for its successful sampling from a previously unreachable area of the Moon, which was highly praised by international scientists [3][6]. - The research teams completed multiple studies on the samples, including age dating, petrology, geochemistry, and water content analysis, leading to the submission of six research papers [6][9]. Group 3: Future Prospects - Future missions, including Chang'e 7 and Chang'e 8, are planned to further explore the Moon's South Pole and test in-situ resource utilization technologies, laying the groundwork for a lunar research station [9].

Core Insights - The research conducted on lunar samples returned by the Chang'e 6 mission has unveiled significant findings about the Moon's far side, challenging existing theories and enhancing understanding of its geological history [1][2][5] Group 1: Research Findings - The Chang'e 6 mission has revealed two distinct periods of basaltic volcanic activity on the Moon's far side, approximately 4.2 billion and 2.8 billion years ago, indicating sustained volcanic activity [2] - Ancient magnetic field data from the far side suggests that the Moon's magnetic field may have strengthened around 2.8 billion years ago, contradicting previous beliefs of a continuous decline [2][4] - Water content in the lunar mantle sourced from the far side is significantly lower than that of the near side, with measurements showing only 1 to 1.5 micrograms per gram, the lowest reported value [3][4] Group 2: Implications for Lunar Science - The discovery of extremely depleted source regions for basalt on the far side provides critical evidence for understanding the Moon's internal structure and evolution [4] - The findings from the Chang'e 6 samples are prompting a reevaluation of long-standing hypotheses in lunar science, marking a shift in the field towards new interpretations of the Moon's geological history [5] - The successful integration of scientific research and engineering in China's lunar exploration efforts is positioning the country to lead in planetary science [5]

Core Insights - The China National Space Administration announced the results of international applications for lunar sample borrowing from the Chang'e 5 mission, with 7 institutions from 6 countries approved to borrow samples [1] - The samples were received by Professor Mahesh Anand from the UK, who emphasized their immense value, stating they are "more precious than gold" [1][3] - The samples are currently stored in a high-security safe at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK, and were personally transported by Anand to ensure their safety [1][3] Group 1 - The research team has implemented strict contamination prevention measures in the laboratory, requiring all personnel to undergo rigorous decontamination processes before entering the core testing area [3] - The lunar soil samples consist of three containers, each containing a small vial of lunar regolith, with a total sample weight not exceeding 60 milligrams [3][4] - Anand's team aims to conduct micro-level research to uncover significant scientific insights, believing that the small samples hold immense scientific value [3][6] Group 2 - The research will utilize a custom-built machine capable of heating lunar soil to 1400°C to extract carbon, nitrogen, and inert gas components, which is a key reason for the selection of Anand's laboratory [4][6] - The team has one year to complete their research, focusing on questions regarding the formation of the Moon and the early history of Earth [6] - The Chang'e 5 mission marked China as the third country to collect samples from the Moon, following the US and the former Soviet Union, and the Chang'e 6 mission made China the first to return samples from the far side of the Moon [6][7] Group 3 - The China National Space Administration emphasizes principles of equality, mutual benefit, peaceful use, and win-win cooperation in sharing lunar research samples with the international community [6][7] - Anand expressed hope that this collaboration will lead to long-term partnerships between China and the international scientific community, continuing the tradition of international cooperation established by the Apollo missions [7]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the journey of a young aerospace technician, Zhao Jie, who has been involved in China's lunar exploration missions, showcasing the importance of skilled labor in the aerospace industry and the personal growth of individuals within this field [1][2]. Group 1: Background of the Technician - Zhao Jie, born in 1990, works as an assembly technician at the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's 149 Factory, participating in the assembly of significant lunar missions including Chang'e 3, 4, 5, and 6 [2][3]. - The assembly process involves intricate components, such as the docking mechanism known as the "space matchmaker lock," which is crucial for connecting spacecraft in orbit [4][5]. Group 2: Assembly Process and Challenges - The assembly environment is described as organized, with technicians using both digital tools and their own knowledge to assemble components, reflecting a shift towards digitalization in the assembly process [6]. - Zhao Jie emphasizes the complexity of assembly, comparing it to building with LEGO, where precision is critical, and mistakes can lead to significant issues during testing [6]. Group 3: Personal Growth and Experience - Zhao Jie progressed from a novice to a skilled technician, initially feeling overwhelmed by the precision required in aerospace work, but gradually gaining confidence and expertise [8][9]. - He recalls pivotal moments in his career, particularly during the successful deployment of the Yutu-2 rover on the moon, which marked significant achievements in China's lunar exploration efforts [7]. Group 4: Coping with Pressure - The article discusses the high-pressure environment in the aerospace sector, especially during rapid model iterations, and how Zhao Jie manages stress through hobbies like cycling, which also fosters team cohesion [10]. - Zhao Jie highlights the importance of continuous learning and adaptation to new technologies, indicating a shift in the skill set required for modern aerospace workers [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes China's achievements in space exploration and its commitment to becoming a leading space power, highlighting significant milestones in lunar exploration, space station construction, and satellite navigation systems [3][4][5][6]. Group 1: Lunar Exploration - Since the 18th National Congress, China has successfully completed multiple lunar exploration missions, including Chang'e 3, 4, 5, and 6, setting new records in lunar exploration history [3]. - The leadership of the Communist Party has consistently recognized the contributions of researchers and engineers involved in these missions, reinforcing the national dream of space exploration [3]. Group 2: Space Station Development - The completion of the Tiangong space station marks a significant milestone for China's space capabilities, demonstrating the country's ability to independently assemble and construct large spacecraft in low Earth orbit [4]. - This development enables China to conduct long-term human-involved scientific experiments in space, contributing to peaceful utilization of outer space [4]. Group 3: Satellite Navigation System - The BeiDou-3 global satellite navigation system was fully operational as of July 31, 2020, making China the third country to independently possess a global satellite navigation system [5]. - The development of the BeiDou system has been a 30-year journey, showcasing China's progress from initial project establishment to a globally recognized navigation system [5]. Group 4: International Cooperation - China actively promotes international cooperation in space exploration, collaborating with various countries and organizations to advance global space endeavors [6]. - The country aims to contribute to the peaceful use of outer space and the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind through its space initiatives [6].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant achievements and future plans of China's lunar exploration program, particularly in the context of the 20th anniversary of the lunar exploration initiative and the ongoing exhibition showcasing its milestones [1][24]. Group 1: Lunar Exploration Milestones - The Chang'e program began in 2004 with a three-step strategy: orbiting, landing, and returning [6]. - Chang'e 1, launched on October 24, 2007, marked China's first lunar satellite, making China the fifth country to launch a lunar probe [4]. - Chang'e 3 successfully landed on the moon on December 14, 2013, carrying the Yutu rover, which set a record for the longest operational time on the lunar surface [8]. - Chang'e 4 achieved the first soft landing on the far side of the moon on January 3, 2019, a historic milestone in lunar exploration [8][11]. Group 2: Technological Innovations and Challenges - The Chang'e 5 mission, launched on November 24, 2020, successfully returned 1,731 grams of lunar samples to Earth on December 17, 2020, marking China's first retrieval of extraterrestrial materials [13]. - The mission involved a complex design with four spacecraft components, showcasing advancements in technology and engineering [13]. - The lunar samples collected have led to over 100 scientific papers, including the discovery of a new mineral named "Chang'e Stone" [19][21]. Group 3: Future Plans and International Collaboration - Future missions include Chang'e 7, aimed at exploring the lunar south pole for water, and Chang'e 8, which will focus on establishing communication and energy systems on the moon [22]. - The program emphasizes international collaboration, inviting other countries and research institutions to participate in lunar exploration efforts [22]. - The overarching goal is to advance lunar exploration and support the construction of a lunar space station over the next 10 to 20 years [22].