月球背面的神秘面纱正逐步揭开。记者从7月9日召开的中国科学院新闻发布会上获悉，我科学家利 用嫦娥六号采回的月球背面样品取得的四项研究成果，以封面文章形式发表于国际学术期刊《自然》杂 志。四项研究分别揭示了月背岩浆活动、月球古磁场、月幔水含量及地球化学特征，首次为人类揭开了 月球背面的演化历史。 "这与近期近侧样本显示的'湿润月球'特征形成鲜明对比，对月球起源理论提出挑战。"麻省理工学 院教授本·韦斯表示。 "过去，人类对月球的了解主要来自阿波罗计划的采样。如今我国科学家从嫦娥六号月球样品中获 得的一系列重要发现，正不断颠覆和刷新人类对月球的认知。"中国科学院院士王赤表示。 月球的正面和背面差异巨大，正面相对平坦，有广阔的玄武岩平原；背面则高地遍布，月海稀少， 月壳也更厚。月球正反面为何大不相同？科学家提出了很多理论来解释这种"二分性"，比如月球形成早 期岩浆洋冷却结晶不均匀、正背面巨型撞击作用的差异（大碰撞假说）等等。然而，过去所有的月球采 样都来自月球正面，科学界对于月球背面的认识主要基于遥感研究。 2024年6月25日，嫦娥六号携带人类首份月背样品返回地球。"这些样品采集于月球上最大、最深且 最古老的撞击 ...

Group 1 - The Chang'e 5 lunar soil has been shared for research with six countries [1] - The Zuchongzhi 3 quantum computing prototype leads the world in speed [1]

Core Points - The article discusses the significance of lunar samples brought back by China's Chang'e 5 mission, highlighting the collaboration between British scientists and China in lunar research [1][2] - The samples, weighing approximately 1731 grams, were collected from the Moon's surface and are now available for international scientific research [1] - The British scientist Mahesh Anand expresses his honor in studying these samples, emphasizing their potential to lead to new scientific discoveries [1][2] Group 1 - The Chang'e 5 mission collected about 1731 grams of lunar samples, which were made available for international research in 2023 [1] - Seven institutions from six countries, including the UK, were granted access to these lunar samples for scientific study [1] - The samples consist of three different specimens, each weighing 20 milligrams, which can be magnified significantly for analysis [2] Group 2 - Anand's research aims to address questions regarding the Moon's origin and formation, as well as the history of elements like hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen in the solar system [2] - The Chinese ambassador to the UK emphasized the importance of international collaboration in scientific progress and expressed hope for increased cooperation between China and the UK [2] - Anand believes that scientific collaboration is crucial in overcoming global conflicts and challenges, and it can unite people towards constructive goals [2]

【文/观察者网 阮佳琪】 今年4月24日，在第十个"中国航天日"启动仪式上，中国国家航天局公布嫦娥五号任务月球样品国际借 用申请结果，6个国家的7家机构获批借用中国的月球样品。 在隆重庄严的仪式现场，身旁站着来自来俄罗斯、日本、巴基斯坦和欧洲的同行们，英国开放大学的阿 南德教授（Mahesh Anand）怀着激动的心情，从中方人员手中郑重接过了装有月壤样本的小瓶。 英国广播公司（BBC）9日报道称，阿南德是英国唯一一名获准借用这批珍稀样本的科学家。他盛赞这 些来自中国的月球样本，珍贵程度 "远超黄金"。 回忆起当时仪式上的情景，阿南德如今仍感慨万千："中国在太空项目上的投入远远领先于我们。我像 是进入了一个平行世界。" 据报道，这批月球样本已顺利运抵英国，目前被存放在米尔顿凯恩斯开放大学实验室的高级别安全保险 箱内。为确保样本安全，阿南德将其装入手提行李，随身带回英国。 "此前，世界上没有任何人能接触到中国的月球样本，"他说，"因此，这（获得样本）是一份巨大的荣 誉，也是（中方给予的）一项特权。" 阿南德（右）从中方人员手中接过月球样本。阿南德向BBC的供图 亲眼见到月球样本，BBC团队赞叹称，"月壤看上去没 ...

Core Viewpoint - The China National Space Administration (CNSA) has approved international applications for lunar samples from the Chang'e 5 mission, allowing seven institutions from six countries, including two U.S. universities, to borrow these samples. However, U.S. researchers face restrictions due to the "Wolf Amendment," which prohibits NASA funding for projects involving Chinese lunar samples [1][6][7]. Group 1: International Collaboration - The approved institutions include the University of Brown and Stony Brook University, both receiving NASA funding, but they cannot use these funds for research on the Chinese samples due to the "Wolf Amendment" [1][6]. - Timothy Glotch from Stony Brook University expressed gratitude for funding from his institution to collaborate with Chinese scientists, indicating a willingness to analyze the samples despite the restrictions [3][4]. - CNSA Administrator Zhang Zhongde emphasized the importance of sharing lunar research for the benefit of humanity, stating that the Chang'e program is open to international collaboration [6][8]. Group 2: Research Objectives - Glotch aims to compare the properties of lunar soil and rock samples with those from the Apollo program, focusing on thermal properties and magnetic characteristics to understand the geological history of the Moon [4][6]. - The research will involve examining ultra-thin rock slices under high magnification to uncover clues about the origin and composition of the rocks, contributing to a better understanding of lunar geology [4][6]. Group 3: U.S.-China Relations in Space - The "Wolf Amendment" has hindered U.S. scientists' access to Chinese lunar samples and vice versa, with Chinese scientists facing difficulties in obtaining Apollo samples from NASA [4][7]. - There have been ongoing discussions between U.S. and Chinese space officials regarding the sharing of lunar samples, but U.S. institutions still face significant domestic obstacles to receiving the samples [7][8]. - Wu Weiren, a prominent figure in China's lunar exploration program, criticized the U.S. for its isolationist policies and expressed a desire for more open communication and collaboration in space exploration [8].

中新网上海5月3日电 题：一名"90后"航天人的成长记：一路"敲螺丝"，望"玉兔二号"上月球 中新网记者 郑莹莹 "敲螺丝"，这是1990年出生的上海航天总装技师赵杰在某社交平台上的名字。 而他，真的在"敲螺丝"。 赵杰是中国航天科技集团八院(简称：八院)149厂的一名总装技师。在中国探月工程中，他参与了嫦娥 三号、嫦娥四号、嫦娥五号、嫦娥六号的总装工作。 年轻人的"大厂生活" 一间偌大的厂房，里面整齐地摆放着一排排桌子。在其中一张深绿色的长桌前，赵杰正在组装手里的零 部件，就像玩乐高积木一样。 他身穿有着"中国航天科技集团"字样的工作服，戴着白色帽子，招呼前来专访的中新网记者在桌子的对 面坐下。 "拼乐高"能有多难？装不进，装完之后在试验中变形……这些问题都需要在预研阶段一一得到解决。 在这个厂房里，零部件很多，基本看不到纸质版图纸。赵杰说，现在一些装配流程数字化了，对于新的 型号，他们会对着电脑比照设计图装配；对于已经烂熟于心的结构就直接使用"脑中的图纸"了。 "玉兔二号"奔月的难忘时刻 一代代航天人是伴随航天器型号成长起来的。 航天产品一般分预研、初样、正样几个阶段。通常刚进厂的员工从预研产品开始学习， ...

0:00 探索浩瀚宇宙，建设航天强国，是我们不懈追求的航天梦。 九天揽月始于梦想 党的十八大以来，一个个探月工程任务连续成功，不断刷新世界月球探测史的中国纪录。一代代航天人奋勇拼搏，在接续奋斗中成就梦 想。 嫦娥三号、嫦娥四号、嫦娥五号、嫦娥六号任务成功后，习近平总书记都要会见任务参研参试人员代表。 中华民族是勇于追梦的民族。党中央决策实施探月工程，圆的就是中华民族自强不息的飞天揽月之梦。 遨游苍穹基于创新 在浩瀚星空与蓝色地球间，"太空之家"遨游苍穹。习近平的心中始终记挂着到太空"出差"的使者们。 北斗闪耀，泽惠八方。北斗三号全球卫星导航系统于2020年7月31日全面建成并开通服务，标志着我国成为世界上第三个独立拥有全球卫 星导航系统的国家。 从1994年北斗系统工程立项至今的30余年间，几代北斗人栉风沐雨、接续奋斗，走出了一条从无到有，从有到优，从区域到全球的中国特 色卫星导航系统建设道路。 探索浩瀚宇宙是全人类的共同梦想。中国航天积极推动国际合作，同多个国家和国际组织开展了富有成效的合作。 为推动世界航天事业发展继续努力，为人类和平利用太空、推动构建人类命运共同体贡献更多中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量！ ...

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant achievements and future plans of China's lunar exploration program, particularly in the context of the 20th anniversary of the lunar exploration initiative and the ongoing exhibition showcasing its milestones [1][24]. Group 1: Lunar Exploration Milestones - The Chang'e program began in 2004 with a three-step strategy: orbiting, landing, and returning [6]. - Chang'e 1, launched on October 24, 2007, marked China's first lunar satellite, making China the fifth country to launch a lunar probe [4]. - Chang'e 3 successfully landed on the moon on December 14, 2013, carrying the Yutu rover, which set a record for the longest operational time on the lunar surface [8]. - Chang'e 4 achieved the first soft landing on the far side of the moon on January 3, 2019, a historic milestone in lunar exploration [8][11]. Group 2: Technological Innovations and Challenges - The Chang'e 5 mission, launched on November 24, 2020, successfully returned 1,731 grams of lunar samples to Earth on December 17, 2020, marking China's first retrieval of extraterrestrial materials [13]. - The mission involved a complex design with four spacecraft components, showcasing advancements in technology and engineering [13]. - The lunar samples collected have led to over 100 scientific papers, including the discovery of a new mineral named "Chang'e Stone" [19][21]. Group 3: Future Plans and International Collaboration - Future missions include Chang'e 7, aimed at exploring the lunar south pole for water, and Chang'e 8, which will focus on establishing communication and energy systems on the moon [22]. - The program emphasizes international collaboration, inviting other countries and research institutions to participate in lunar exploration efforts [22]. - The overarching goal is to advance lunar exploration and support the construction of a lunar space station over the next 10 to 20 years [22].

去年4月，中国国家航天局与泰国高等教育、科研和创新部在北京共同签署了关于探索与和平利用外层 空间合作的谅解备忘录和国际月球科研站合作的谅解备忘录；去年7月，中国的嫦娥五号月壤样品首次 在泰国展出，吸引了大量泰国民众前来参观。此外，嫦娥七号任务已遴选搭载泰国研制的"全球空间天 气监测"装置，用于从月球视角观测宇宙辐射和空间天气，这将是泰国科学仪器首次从绕地轨道进入深 空。 "太空探索是泰国非常重视的一项任务，与中国合作参与嫦娥任务为泰国提供了接触高精尖重大工程的 机会，推动泰国空间技术的发展，同时助力泰国航天技术人才的培养。"菲说。 新华社记者高博 从泰国首都曼谷向东南驱车两个小时，便来到了位于春武里府是拉差县的太空创新园。走进太空创新 园，随处可见与航天相关的元素，泰国地理信息学与太空技术发展局的空间技术实验室和泰国卫星制造 中心等研发机构均位于该园区。 泰国地理信息与太空技术发展局卫星制造事业部首席工程师阿蒂帕·瓦塔努塔猜站在泰国地球探测卫 星"THEOS-2"的展区，指着一台振动试验设备告诉记者，这台设备来自中国，通过振动试验可以评估卫 星的性能和可靠性，为卫星的成功发射和稳定运行提供保障。 "感谢中国对 ...