自2014年新年起，习近平总书记每年都会发表新年贺词。贺词以家、国、天下为价值坐标和实践逻辑，传播 理念、凝聚共识、塑造形象、联通世界。那一句句深情寄语、一个个温暖瞬间、一项项重大成就、一份份庄 严承诺，不仅勾勒出国家发展的壮阔图景，更以深厚的"家国天下"情怀，将个人的梦想、民族的期盼与世界 的命运紧密相连，擘画出贯通个体、家庭、民族与人类的美好愿景。 山东省惠民县淄角镇文化书院内，社区居民在学习剪纸。新华社发 1.家是最小国：人民至上的价值取向与家国同心的双向奔赴 贺词中最温暖的是那份对"家"的深切关怀。贺词中的"家"，不是抽象的概念，而是柴米油盐、三餐四季的生 活场景，是就业增收、教育医疗、养老育幼、居住环境等民生议题，是如期打赢脱贫攻坚战的"庄严承诺"， 是对体育健儿、科技工作者、基层干部、快递小哥、环卫工人、出租车司机等"每一个人都是主角"的讴歌礼 赞，是基础养老金提高、房贷利率下调、异地就医直接结算范围扩大的政策红利。这些具体可感的民生福祉 和浸润着烟火气的民生实践，将宏大的家国叙事落脚到"千家万户"的获得感、幸福感、安全感，犹如点点星 光汇聚成璀璨星河，照亮了亿万家庭的幸福之路，"家"成为感受国家 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses China's advancements in scientific research and technology as it aims for breakthroughs in macro-scale exploration by 2025, highlighting significant achievements in space and astronomical research. Group 1: Major Scientific Infrastructure Developments - The "Meridian Project" Phase II was accepted by the state in March 2025, featuring 31 stations and nearly 300 devices for comprehensive detection of space weather, enhancing China's forecasting capabilities [3] - The Ali Gravitational Wave Detection Experiment, located at an altitude of 5250 meters, achieved its first light observation in July 2025, capturing clear images of radiation from the Moon and Jupiter at 150GHz [6] Group 2: Astronomical Discoveries - The Guo Shoujing Telescope (LAMOST) has released a total of 28.07 million spectra and 11.59 million stellar parameters by October 2025, maintaining the largest data volume globally [9] - The FAST telescope discovered over 1,170 pulsars by the end of 2025, surpassing the total number found by other telescopes during the same period, significantly enhancing China's research capabilities in cosmic navigation and gravitational wave detection [12] Group 3: Lunar and Deep Space Exploration - The Tianwen-2 probe was launched in May 2025 to study the asteroid 2016HO3, equipped with 11 scientific payloads for comprehensive data collection [18] - Research on samples from the Chang'e 6 mission revealed significant findings regarding lunar volcanic activity, ancient magnetic fields, and water content in the lunar mantle, marking a breakthrough in understanding the Moon's evolution [24] Group 4: Future Exploration Plans - The Chang'e 7 mission is planned for 2026, targeting the Moon's south pole for scientific exploration, with a new 50-meter antenna under construction to support data reception [29] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" includes ambitious projects like the "Hongmeng Plan" and "Kuafu II," focusing on cosmic origins and space weather, aiming for breakthroughs in various fields of space exploration [31]

不拒众流，方为江海。科技合作是大势所趋，创新突破必须具有国际视野。在安徽合肥，中国科学 家牵头启动聚变领域国际科学计划，以开放姿态引领合作；在巴西贝伦，中国代表为应对气候变化、提 升系统韧性、促进农业可持续发展贡献"中国方案"；在宇宙空间，嫦娥五号、六号取回珍贵月壤，推动 全球研究与知识共享……从数据世界到现实生活，中国科学家正在扮演着推进国际科技交流合作的重要 角色。当今世界正在重新定义"科学属于谁"这个根本问题，科学技术不应再是少数国家和企业的专属， 而要逐步实现开放、合作、共享。 科学的成果丈量着人类足迹的尺度，科学的精神决定人类行将何处。期待更多科研工作者用好国内 国际两种科技资源，在开放合作中提升自身创新能力，为人类和平发展的美好愿景作出新的贡献。 近日，国际顶级期刊《自然》杂志公布年度十大人物榜单，深度求索创始人梁文锋和中国科学院深 海科学与工程研究所杜梦然榜上有名。 他们是科学家，也是探索者、实干派。不同于不食烟火、古板孤僻的刻板印象，他们既为科技突破 带来新的灵感，也用研究影响日常生活、持续造福社会。梁文锋通过人工智能，赚到人生"第一桶金"， 随后又义无反顾投入更深层次的开发中。业内人士评价他 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the strategic importance of technology innovation in advancing China's modernization and economic growth, highlighting the role of a new type of national system in overcoming key technological challenges and achieving high-quality development [1][2][4]. Group 1: Technology Innovation and Economic Growth - The "14th Five-Year Plan" suggests enhancing the new type of national system to achieve breakthroughs in key core technologies across various fields, including integrated circuits and advanced materials [1]. - China's economy is projected to reach approximately 140 trillion yuan by 2025, contributing around 30% to global economic growth during the "14th Five-Year" period [1]. - China ranks 10th in the global innovation index, leading among 36 upper-middle-income economies, indicating strong potential for high-quality economic development driven by technological innovation [1]. Group 2: New Type of National System - The new type of national system is crucial for concentrating efforts on major technological challenges, with a focus on centralized leadership from the Communist Party to ensure coordinated action [2][3]. - The establishment of the Central Science and Technology Committee aims to enhance strategic planning and resource allocation, fostering a collaborative environment for tackling key technological issues [2][3]. Group 3: Collaborative Efforts in Technology Development - The article highlights the collaborative efforts of over 3,000 organizations and nearly 100,000 participants in major projects like the Chang'e lunar exploration program, showcasing the effectiveness of a unified approach [4]. - The government is encouraged to integrate resources from various sectors, including government, market, and society, to optimize mechanisms for tackling technological challenges [5]. Group 4: Policy and Market Integration - The government is tasked with creating a conducive environment for market-driven innovation, emphasizing the importance of balancing market forces with government support in the socialist market economy [5][6]. - The implementation of policies such as the "New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan" aims to accelerate the growth of the AI industry, projected to exceed 700 billion yuan by 2024, with China holding 60% of global AI patents [9]. Group 5: Technology Transfer and Application - Initiatives like the "first assignment of technology achievements" at universities aim to facilitate the smooth transition of scientific discoveries into practical applications, enhancing the commercialization of technology [7]. - The national technology contract transaction volume is expected to reach 6.8 trillion yuan by 2024, reflecting a continuous double-digit growth trend during the "14th Five-Year" period [7].

Group 1: Deep Sea Exploration and Development - The "Fendouzhe" manned submersible has discovered a vast "life oasis" extending 2,500 kilometers in the Pacific Ocean at a depth of 9,533 meters, marking significant progress in China's deep-sea exploration efforts [3] - China's first self-operated deep-water oil field, the Liuhua Oil Field, has achieved record high oil and gas production, highlighting the country's advancements in deep-sea energy development [6][7] - Over the past five years, China's offshore crude oil production has increased to 58.61 million tons, with an increase of over 16 million tons from offshore sources, accounting for more than 70% of the total increase in national crude oil production [9] Group 2: Technological Advancements in Deep Sea and Deep Earth - New deep-sea equipment has been showcased, including the installation of the largest number of intelligent unmanned wellhead platforms in the Kenli 6-1 oil field in Bohai Sea [10][12] - A key technological breakthrough has been achieved in China's first deep-sea carbon dioxide storage project in the Pearl River Estuary, contributing to carbon reduction goals [14] - The first underwater robot with a seven-function mechanical arm has been successfully deployed in the Beibu Gulf, providing technical support for intelligent deep-sea operations [16] Group 3: Deep Earth Exploration - China's deep drilling capabilities have advanced significantly, with the time taken to drill from 9,000 meters to over 10,000 meters reduced to just three years [19] - The Tiefu T1 well successfully drilled to a depth of 10,910 meters, marking a historic achievement in deep earth exploration and the first detection of oil and gas at such depths [20][25] - The drilling process faced challenges, including a significant delay when nearing the 10,000-meter mark due to equipment issues, emphasizing the risks associated with deep drilling [22][24] Group 4: Lunar Exploration Achievements - China's lunar exploration program has successfully completed its "orbit, land, return" mission with the Chang'e 5 mission, returning 1,731 grams of lunar samples [27] - The Chang'e 6 mission, launched in May 2024, successfully returned 1,935.3 grams of samples from the moon's far side, marking a world first in lunar exploration [29] - Ongoing lunar exploration efforts include the upcoming Chang'e 7 mission in 2026, aimed at searching for water ice on the moon's south pole, and the Chang'e 8 mission planned for around 2029 [32]

Core Insights - The Chinese lunar exploration program has made significant advancements during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, achieving historic milestones in lunar sample collection and exploration [2][3][5] - The Chang'e 6 mission successfully collected approximately 1935.3 grams of lunar soil from the far side of the moon, marking the first time humanity has retrieved samples from this region [5][19] - The program has contributed to the global scientific community, with over 1900 research papers published based on data from the lunar exploration missions [7] Group 1: Chang'e Missions - Chang'e 5 returned 1731 grams of lunar samples from the moon's near side, completing China's first lunar sample return mission [3][5] - The Chang'e 6 mission, launched on May 3, 2024, successfully returned with samples from the moon's far side after a 53-day journey [5][19] - The Chang'e program has followed a "orbit, land, return" strategy since its inception in 2004, with significant achievements in lunar exploration [2][3] Group 2: Scientific Contributions - The discovery of a new mineral, "Chang'e Stone," has filled an international gap in lunar mineralogy [7] - Research on the samples collected by Chang'e 6 has revealed that the South Pole-Aitken Basin formed approximately 4.25 billion years ago [7] - The lunar exploration efforts are paving the way for future missions, including Chang'e 7 and 8, which aim to explore the lunar south pole and validate resource utilization techniques [9][21] Group 3: Future Missions and Goals - Chang'e 7 is set to land in the lunar south pole region to search for evidence of water ice, while Chang'e 8 is planned for around 2029 to support the construction of an international lunar research station [9][11] - The ongoing lunar exploration efforts are expected to establish the moon as a potential hub for deep space exploration [21] - The Chinese space program is also planning a kinetic impact demonstration mission to test asteroid defense strategies [25]

Core Points - The Harbin Institute of Technology's Aerospace Museum showcases significant milestones in China's space exploration history, featuring models of key spacecraft and rockets [1][3][4] - Established in 1986, the museum is the largest aerospace-themed exhibition hall in Chinese universities, with a rich collection of exhibits [4] - The museum highlights China's advancements in deep space exploration, including the Chang'e lunar missions and the Tianwen-1 Mars probe, reflecting the nation's commitment to pioneering space technology [5] Group 1 - The museum features models of the Long March 1 rocket, Dongfeng 2 missile, and Shenzhou 5 spacecraft, representing China's space achievements [1] - Exhibits include the "Dongfanghong 1" satellite and the "Jianbing 1" return capsule, symbolizing the efforts of Chinese aerospace professionals [3] - The museum's collection includes advanced materials used in space missions, showcasing China's technological capabilities in deep space exploration [5]

Core Insights - The article highlights the role of university science exhibition halls in inspiring youth to embrace scientific spirit and contribute to technological self-reliance in China [1][2][3][4] Group 1: Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT) - HIT's Aerospace Museum is the largest and most comprehensive aerospace-themed exhibition hall in Chinese universities, showcasing the development of China's aerospace industry through various exhibits [1] - The museum features significant milestones in missile technology and satellite launches, reflecting the dedication and intelligence of Chinese aerospace professionals [2] - The museum's interactive experience encourages students to integrate classroom knowledge with practical applications, fostering a spirit of exploration and research [2] Group 2: Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) - NPU's Military Quality Education Practice Center serves as a window to showcase the evolution of aviation, aerospace, and marine technology, supporting national defense education and talent cultivation [3] - The center's outdoor exhibition area displays notable military equipment, including the Y-20 transport aircraft, which symbolizes innovation and national pride [3] - Student guides express a commitment to contributing to technological self-reliance, inspired by the achievements of alumni and research teams [3] Group 3: Northwest A&F University - The Northwest A&F University Exhibition Park combines agricultural technology display with science education, featuring multiple specialized museums [4] - The park provides an immersive experience for new students, linking exhibits to their academic disciplines and enhancing their understanding of agricultural science [4] - Students are encouraged to develop a strong agricultural sentiment and apply their knowledge to contribute to rural revitalization and the construction of a strong agricultural nation [4]

Core Insights - The research conducted by Chinese scientists on the lunar samples from the Chang'e 6 mission reveals that the lunar mantle on the far side of the Moon is cooler compared to the near side, enhancing the understanding of the Moon's "bipolarity" phenomenon [1][7] - This study provides critical scientific data for understanding the evolution of the Moon and the temperature differences between the lunar mantle on both sides [1] Research Findings - The analysis of basalt samples from the far side of the Moon indicates that the crystallization temperature of these samples is approximately 1100°C, which is about 100°C lower than that of samples from the near side, such as those from the Chang'e 5 mission [2] - The potential temperature of the lunar mantle on the far side is found to be around 1400°C, which is lower than the near side's potential temperature of approximately 1500°C [4] - Remote sensing data corroborates these findings, showing that the potential temperature of the lunar mantle on the far side is about 70°C lower than that on the near side, further validating the research results [4] Lunar Characteristics - The study highlights significant differences between the near and far sides of the Moon, including topography, elemental distribution, and geological features, which are collectively referred to as the "bipolarity" phenomenon [7] - The near side is characterized by a relatively flat terrain with extensive basaltic plains, covering over 30% of its surface, while the far side has only about 1% to 2% of such plains [7] - The near side is richer in radioactive elements compared to the far side, which is considered a key scientific question in lunar exploration [7]

Core Insights - The research challenges the long-held belief that the Moon became "dormant" 3 billion years ago, revealing that volcanic activity persisted during its "late period" [1][2] - A new thermodynamic mechanism is proposed, indicating that magma was trapped in the upper mantle, leading to volcanic eruptions due to heat transfer [2][3] Group 1: Research Findings - The Chang'e 5 and Chang'e 6 missions returned basalt samples dated at 2.0 billion and 2.8 billion years, respectively, confirming ongoing volcanic activity [1] - Two distinct types of basalt were identified from the Chang'e 6 samples, originating from different depths in the Moon's mantle: ultra-low-titanium basalt from over 120 km deep and low-titanium basalt from 60-80 km deep [1][2] - The study revealed that the volcanic activity's heat source transitioned around 3 billion years ago, shifting from a complex array of sources to a dominant upward heat transfer mechanism [2] Group 2: Implications - The findings provide new insights into the thermal evolution history of the Moon and may serve as a reference for understanding volcanic activity mechanisms on other small, airless celestial bodies [3]