Core Viewpoint - The application of gene editing technology in agriculture is accelerating in China, with significant advancements in safety certifications and research outcomes, while also raising concerns about potential risks and societal acceptance [7][9][24]. Group 1: Gene Editing Developments - In April 2023, China issued its first biological safety certificate for agricultural gene-edited organisms, specifically for a high oleic acid soybean [8]. - By May 2024, the first safety certificate for a staple crop using gene editing is expected to be approved [9]. - Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in gene editing research for aquaculture, achieving important results across more than ten species [14]. Group 2: Benefits of Gene Editing - Gene editing technology can enhance the production performance and disease resistance of animals, as well as improve meat quality, showcasing immense potential in breeding [30]. - The combination of gene editing and selective breeding can significantly increase growth rates and feed conversion efficiency in agriculture [32]. - In aquaculture, gene editing allows for precise modifications of specific genes, addressing challenges such as low efficiency and limited breakthroughs in traditional breeding methods [34]. Group 3: Risks and Concerns - The scientific community is concerned about off-target effects, unpredictable genomic changes, and intergenerational inheritance issues related to gene editing [15][16]. - Specific risks in aquaculture include ecological escape and gene diffusion, which could impact wild populations and ecological balance [17][92]. - Potential risks from gene editing include the insertion of foreign DNA, new protein toxicity, and off-target mutations, which have not been fully assessed for safety [79][90]. Group 4: Safety Measures and Future Outlook - Scientists are exploring multi-layered control measures to balance technological benefits with safety, including rigorous screening and verification processes [102]. - The concept of "controlled sterility" is gaining traction, where gene-edited fish are rendered sterile to prevent environmental impact [114]. - Recent studies have shown that gene-edited fish do not exhibit significant differences in health compared to non-edited counterparts, providing a scientific basis for their application in aquaculture [130].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the regulatory challenges and market acceptance of gene-edited animal products, highlighting the contrast between technological advancements and regulatory frameworks across different countries [11][24][61]. Regulatory Landscape - Global regulatory policies for gene-edited foods generally fall into two categories: either treating them as conventional foods with lighter regulations or applying strict standards similar to those for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) [18][30]. - Countries like the US, Japan, and Argentina have adopted a more lenient approach, equating gene-edited foods without foreign gene insertion to regular foods, thus facilitating their market entry [31][39][42]. - In contrast, the EU, China, and New Zealand maintain stricter regulations, treating gene-edited products similarly to GMOs, which has led to significant debates and controversies [47][51][61]. Market Dynamics - The global market for gene editing is projected to reach $15.79 billion by 2027, with a significant portion attributed to agricultural applications, including animal breeding [89]. - Despite the promising market potential, the actual commercialization of gene-edited animal products remains limited, with many countries still in the discussion phase regarding regulatory frameworks [75][106]. Public Perception and Acceptance - Public attitudes towards gene editing are mixed, with a general acceptance for medical applications but more skepticism regarding food safety and ethical implications [68][81]. - In the US, a survey indicated that about 51% of the population remains doubtful about gene-edited foods, with over 75% desiring clear labeling to ensure informed consumer choices [80][81]. Industry Developments - Recent advancements in gene editing technology have led to significant improvements in fish growth rates and disease resistance, which are seen as vital for the future of aquaculture [46][97]. - Companies in China are beginning to invest heavily in gene editing technologies, as evidenced by a major investment by a leading aquaculture firm in proprietary gene editing techniques [103][105].