松果体 （ pineal gland ） 是大脑中的一个小型内分泌腺体，因其形状类似于松果而得名。尽管它体积很 小 （大约只有米粒大小） ，但它扮演着非常重要的角色。其最核心的功能是通过分泌 褪黑素 （ melatonin ） 来调控调控人体的睡眠-觉醒周期。在白天或光线充足时，松果体活动被抑制，褪黑素分泌减 少，使人保持清醒和活跃；到了夜晚或黑暗环境中，松果体变得活跃，开始大量分泌褪黑素，促使人体产 生困意，准备入睡。 然而，由于松果体难以获取，这严重限制了对其进行研究。 近日，耶鲁大学 In-Hyun Park 团队在 Cell 子刊 Cell Stem Cell 上发表了题为： Generation of human pineal gland organoids with melatonin production for disease modeling 的研究论文。 该研究首次构建了能够产生 褪黑素 的 人类松果体类器官 （ hPGO ） ，成功 模拟了松果体的发育与功 能，并揭示了其可用于疾病建模和细胞治疗的潜力。 在这项最新研究中，为了突破松果体来源的限制，研究团队利用 多能干细胞 （PSC） 开 ...

近日，关于"车厘子含褪黑素能助眠"的话题引发热议。吃车厘子真能助眠？吃多少才有用？"炫"车厘子需要注意什么？本期"健康科代表"，我们一探究竟。 四川省第四人民医院营养科主管营养师伍雪表示，褪黑素是负责调节"睡眠—觉醒周期"的睡眠激素，主要由大脑深处的松果体分泌，也叫"黑夜荷尔蒙"。褪 黑素并不是强行把人"麻晕"，而更像是拨动了从日间模式到夜间模式的开关，告诉身体"到点了，该睡觉了"，主要适用于生物钟拖延，导致入睡和起床时间 推迟的人群，例如倒班工作者、跨时区旅行者等。 "从营养学看，车厘子确实含有天然褪黑素，但含量极低，仅能起到温和辅助睡眠的作用，而非治疗失眠的功效。"伍雪表示，每个人对褪黑素的反应也不一 样，因此无法精确计算，究竟吃多少车厘子才能通过补充褪黑素有助睡眠。更为关键的是，睡眠障碍的成因繁多，对于本身不缺乏褪黑素的睡眠障碍患者而 言，额外补充褪黑素的改善效果并不理想。 伍雪提醒，车厘子血糖生成指数为22—29，对血糖友好。不过，颜色过深的车厘子，血糖生成指数可能相对较高，如果购买到的车厘子颜色很深，少吃几颗 就好。《中国居民膳食指南（2022）》建议每人每天吃水果200—350g，考虑到食物种类多 ...

【#褪黑素只对部分失眠人群有效##褪黑素治疗失眠切勿自行盲目加量#】#车厘子 褪黑素#话题冲上热 搜。褪黑素睡眠片、褪黑素软糖……为了改善自己的睡眠质量，褪黑素一直以来都是热销的助眠产品。 @扬子晚报 记者注意到有不少网友表示，他们感觉褪黑素吃多了好像反而睡不着。东南大学附属中大 医院心理精神科主任、中华医学会心身医学分会主任委员袁勇贵告诉记者，褪黑素治疗失眠针对的人群 有限，失眠患者切勿感觉使用效果不佳而自行盲目加量，及时去医院就诊才是正确的做法。人的一生， 大约1/3的时间都是在睡眠中度过的，好睡眠的重要性不言而喻。追求好睡眠的人们，也养育了一个庞 大的睡眠经济市场。安眠药、褪黑素等药物或保健品成了很多人快速治疗失眠的首选产品。"像褪黑素 类东西，虽然是保健品，但并不适用于所有人，它只对身体里缺少褪黑素的人有用。"袁勇贵在接受采 访时介绍，如果患者只需要一颗（褪黑素）的量，但是却吃了两颗、三颗，很可能就会出现副反应，比 如肝功能损害、恶心、想吐等等。"褪黑素可能只对1/4-1/3失眠的人群有效，而且是针对轻度失眠患 者，如果吃了几次不见效果，一定不要自行盲目加量，要去医院就诊。"除了借助外力，我们可以如何 ...

Core Findings - An international study has identified a key protein (SIRT6) that regulates tryptophan metabolism, significantly impacting sleep, mood, and neurodegenerative diseases, providing new research directions for treatment [1][2] Group 1: Tryptophan Metabolism - Tryptophan is a precursor for serotonin and melatonin synthesis, with serotonin playing a crucial role in mood regulation and melatonin maintaining circadian rhythms and promoting sleep [1] - The study found that aging and neurodegenerative diseases can disrupt tryptophan metabolism, although the underlying molecular mechanisms were previously unclear [1] Group 2: SIRT6's Role - Researchers discovered that SIRT6 acts as a "gatekeeper" in maintaining the balance of tryptophan metabolism by actively regulating the expression of related genes [1] - A decline in SIRT6 activity due to aging and neurodegenerative diseases leads to a shift in tryptophan metabolism towards the kynurenine pathway, resulting in decreased serotonin and melatonin production and increased neurotoxins [1] Group 3: Reversibility of Damage - The damage caused by the accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites is not irreversible; in SIRT6-deficient fruit fly models, researchers successfully reversed the accumulation by altering SIRT6-regulated genes, protecting brain tissue and improving motor behavior [2] - This research offers new targets for treating age-related cognitive impairments, insomnia, and depression [2] Group 4: Publication - The research findings have been published in the journal Nature Communications [3]

Core Viewpoint - Melatonin is often perceived as a natural solution for insomnia, but its use carries significant health risks and is not a universal remedy for sleep disorders [2][6]. Group 1: Melatonin and Its Effects - Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, primarily increasing in production during the evening to promote sleep [4]. - Over-the-counter melatonin supplements are exogenous and act as "rhythm regulators," potentially effective for jet lag but not for insomnia caused by anxiety or other physical conditions [6]. - Long-term use of melatonin can suppress the body's natural production of the hormone, leading to rebound insomnia or dependency upon cessation [8]. Group 2: Risks of Self-Medication - Self-medicating with melatonin or combining it with other sleep aids, such as sedatives, can mask underlying conditions like depression or anxiety, delaying proper diagnosis and treatment [9]. - Anxiety and depression can exacerbate insomnia, and without addressing these root causes, sleep issues may persist, potentially leading to increased reliance on sleep medications [11]. Group 3: Recommendations for Sleep Improvement - For short-term insomnia, mild interventions like certain herbal supplements may be acceptable, but persistent symptoms lasting over two weeks should prompt a visit to a specialist for targeted treatment [12]. - A comprehensive approach to improving sleep includes timely medical consultation, adjustment of sleep habits, regular exercise, balanced diet, and emotional regulation [12][14].

Core Insights - Cross-border e-commerce is a feasible shortcut for importing melatonin, providing a unique pathway for overseas health products within the regulatory framework [1] Group 1: Advantages of Cross-Border E-Commerce - Exemption from initial registration/filing: Products listed in the "Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Import Product List" can temporarily avoid the lengthy and costly "blue hat" registration process, significantly lowering market entry barriers [1] - High customs efficiency and logistics experience: The "bonded stockpiling" model allows for rapid customs clearance and delivery, achieving next-day delivery comparable to domestic e-commerce [1] - Direct access to consumers for quick market testing: Platforms like Tmall International and JD International enable new brands to quickly establish recognition and gather feedback, making it an ideal way to test the Chinese market [1] Group 2: Compliance Requirements - Adherence to the "personal use" principle: All products must be sold directly to end consumers, with no domestic resale allowed [3] - Transaction limit management: Single transaction limit is ≤5000 yuan, and annual personal transaction limit is ≤26000 yuan [4] - Positive list management: Products must be included in the latest cross-border e-commerce retail import product list [5] - Full data integration: E-commerce platforms must connect with customs systems to ensure accurate reporting of orders, payment slips, and logistics slips [6] Group 3: Import Process for Melatonin - Step 1: Preliminary qualifications and filing: Overseas companies must authorize a domestic enterprise as an agent to register with customs for cross-border e-commerce [7] - Step 2: Bonded warehouse stockpiling and storage: Products are shipped in bulk to China, undergo customs declaration, and are managed under customs supervision [10] - Step 3: Sales and final delivery: Consumers place orders, and after customs clearance, packages are delivered directly from the bonded warehouse to consumers [11] Group 4: Key Compliance Points and Long-Term Planning - Product compliance is fundamental: Ensure product ingredients meet Chinese regulations and provide basic information through websites or QR codes [13] - Strict prohibition on secondary sales: Reselling products purchased through cross-border e-commerce channels domestically is illegal [13] - Regular monitoring of the positive list: Brands should frequently check the "Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Import Product List" to ensure their products remain compliant [13] - Handling returns and unsold items: Returned products must go back to the bonded warehouse, and long-term unsold items must be either re-exported or destroyed under customs supervision [14] - Long-term planning: Brands intending to enter offline retail channels should simultaneously initiate "blue hat" registration or filing applications while conducting cross-border e-commerce [14]

中新网11月26日电 市面上销售的褪黑素产品属于外源性的激素补充剂，是一种"节律调节器"而非"催眠药"。它对 于因节律紊乱引起的失眠，如倒时差、轮班工作或睡眠时间延迟综合征，可能有一定效果。然而，褪黑素并不能 解决所有类型的失眠。由于焦虑、压力、抑郁等情绪问题，或慢性疼痛、药物副作用、其他睡眠障碍导致的入睡 困难，补充褪黑素效果有限，甚至无效。长期或过量使用还可能影响自身褪黑素的正常分泌。(来源：@科学辟谣 中国新闻网微博) 睡不着，吃片褪黑素就能解决？丨中新真探 来源：中国新闻网 编辑：王永乐 广告等商务合作，请点击这里 本文为转载内容，授权事宜请联系原著作权人 中新经纬版权所有，未经书面授权，任何单位及个人不得转载、摘编或以其它方式使用。 关注中新经纬微信公众号(微信搜索"中新经纬"或"jwview")，看更多精彩财经资讯。 ...

Core Points - The article emphasizes the health risks associated with staying up late, particularly the increased risk of sudden cardiac death due to sleep deprivation and related factors [1][2][4][6]. Group 1: Sleep Deprivation Effects - Continuous lack of sleep for more than three days, with less than four hours of sleep each day, can lead to significant heart strain, increasing myocardial oxygen consumption by three times and raising the likelihood of vascular spasms to five times the normal rate [2]. - Staying awake for 24 hours without compensatory sleep can cause a sharp rise in blood pressure, making even minor physical exertion potentially dangerous for the heart [3]. - Long-term sleep deprivation, defined as less than six hours of sleep per day, combined with chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes, can accelerate plaque formation in blood vessels due to increased inflammatory factors [4][5]. Group 2: Warning Signs and Symptoms - Symptoms indicating potential heart issues after staying up late include severe fatigue, chest pain, cold sweats, and difficulty breathing, which may signal a heart attack [6]. - The phenomenon of heart palpitations, known as premature beats, can occur during late-night activities, with functional and pathological types distinguished by their frequency and associated symptoms [10][11]. Group 3: Sleep Recommendations - To mitigate the effects of staying up late, it is recommended to take short naps, maintain a light diet rich in B vitamins and proteins, and engage in moderate physical activity during the day [12][14][16].

Summary of the Conference Call for汤臣倍健 Company Overview - **Company**:汤臣倍健 - **Industry**: Health Supplements Key Points and Arguments Financial Performance - In Q3 2025,汤臣倍健's net profit attributable to shareholders increased by approximately 14% year-on-year, attributed to new product launches and optimization of online and offline channels [2][5] - Revenue grew by 23.45% year-on-year, with a profit recovery to approximately 170 million yuan from a slight loss in the same period last year [4] - Gross margin improved by 3.2 percentage points to 68.6%, while the sales expense ratio decreased by 10 percentage points to 44% [4] Product and Brand Performance - The main brand,坚毅多, performed well, while Life Space saw a slight decline [2][7] - New products contributed nearly 20% of revenue, with a focus on protein powder, calcium, fish oil, and multivitamins [4][25] - The company established a dedicated innovation department for new products, holding monthly meetings for decision-making [26] Channel Strategy - Offline growth outpaced online in Q3, but online channels also returned to positive growth, driven by new product introductions [7] - Live e-commerce, particularly on the Douyin platform, has become a significant part of the offline channel, with Douyin accounting for about 20% of online sales [12][14] - The company plans to enhance the quality of pharmacy channels rather than increasing the number of stores, focusing on refined operations [10] Future Outlook - Q4 2025 is expected to show continued revenue improvement, with a forecasted narrowing of the annual revenue decline to single digits [8] - The company aims to adopt an entrepreneurial mindset starting in 2026, setting more challenging revenue targets, even at the cost of short-term profits [9] - Plans to introduce new products in pharmacy channels and enhance online strategies to capture market share [16][21] Cost Management - Management expense ratio is projected to be around 7%-8% in 2025, up from 5% in 2024, mainly due to increased amortization from a new office building [15] - The company aims to gradually optimize management expenses, with the amortization of intangible assets from the Life Space acquisition ending in 2028 [15] Market Dynamics - The company recognizes the need to maintain competitiveness in the face of industry changes and plans to increase investment in Douyin to achieve higher growth targets [20][22] - The trend of consumer downgrading is not expected to significantly impact overall gross margin and profitability, as the company focuses on high-quality products rather than engaging in price wars [24] Compliance and Efficiency - Adjustments in compliance management have improved efficiency and responsiveness to business needs, allowing for a more balanced approach between regulatory requirements and operational demands [23] Additional Important Information - The company is exploring new product launches in emerging channels such as cross-border e-commerce and live e-commerce [16][22] - The competitive landscape is evolving, and the company is committed to maintaining its market position through strategic investments and product innovation [20]

Group 1 - Sleep is essential for survival and has several important functions, including promoting growth and development, restoring energy, clearing metabolic waste, and maintaining cognitive function [2][4][5] - Sleep is crucial for immune function, as insufficient sleep can lead to increased susceptibility to illness [5] - Continuous and deep sleep is necessary for cognitive health; fragmented sleep can lead to rapid cognitive decline [8][10] Group 2 - Individuals have different sleep needs based on their unique characteristics; understanding one's own sleep requirements is important for optimal functioning [11][13] - Insomnia is a common issue, with symptoms ranging from occasional sleeplessness to chronic insomnia disorders, which can significantly impact daily functioning [12][23] - Sleep quality can be affected by various factors, including lifestyle habits, age, and underlying health conditions [16][19][22] Group 3 - Sleep duration and quality are linked to overall health; both excessive and insufficient sleep can increase mortality risk and other health issues [19][18] - The importance of maintaining a regular sleep schedule and healthy lifestyle habits, including diet and exercise, is emphasized for better sleep quality [53][54] - Various methods, such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI), can be effective in treating sleep disorders [44][45]