人工智能加速迭代 新华社北京1月2日电 题：拓展认知 改变生活——2025年全球科研发展回眸 新华社记者 2025年，全球科研取得多项成果，在航天探索、生命科学、人工智能、新能源等领域的进展持续拓展人 类认知疆界、改变人们生活状态。一批新兴技术迅猛发展，在赋能千行百业的同时也带来风险和挑战， 国际社会探讨通过多种途径加强治理。 太空探索任重道远 2025年，人类将更多航天器送入太空。中国天问二号探测器在5月成功发射，主要任务目标是对小行星 2016HO3进行探测、取样并返回地球，再对主带彗星311P开展科学探测，国际专家评价该探测器将拓展 人类研究太阳系天体的能力。 商业航天提速成为带动航天业发展的新引擎。美国"萤火虫"航空航天公司研发的月球着陆器"蓝色幽 灵"3月成功登陆月球表面，旨在为美国"阿耳忒弥斯"登月计划采集关键数据。 然而，"阿耳忒弥斯"计划的多个任务模块进度滞后，时间表一再更改。该计划核心运载工具——新一代 重型运载火箭"星舰"在2025年上半年遭遇试飞三连败，8月和10月实施的两次试飞实现了核心目标，包 括有效载荷部署演示、助推器着陆方案调整等，接下来还要攻克在轨燃料补给、飞船回收等技术难点。 ...

2025年即将过去，在这一年波澜壮阔的科学图景中，一个曾深藏于实验室、看似遥不可及的领域——量 子科技，凭借其积蓄已久的磅礴势能，涌向全球科技浪潮的顶端。 今年是联合国正式确定的"国际量子科学与技术年"。这一年，中国科学技术大学与国内多家科研机构研 制的"祖冲之三号"，突破了超导系统量子计算优越性的世界纪录；这一年，谷歌公司的"量子回声"实 验，在特定任务中速度达经典超算的13000倍，对全球量子计算研发产生深远影响。 量子世界也促使我们放弃"非黑即白"的传统思维，接受万物在微观尺度上的模糊。这种思维的革新，孕 育着极富生命力的技术突破。新型超导材料的探索设计，即源于对低温下电子量子行为的深刻理解。而 我们"墨子号"量子科学实验卫星，则将量子行为转化为对通信安全的保障。 正因如此，多国才会将量子研究提升至国家战略高度。美国出台《国家量子倡议法案》，并对量子研究 持续投入巨资；欧盟启动规模宏大的十年期"量子旗舰计划"；加拿大、日本、韩国、澳大利亚均不甘落 后推出本国量子技术蓝图。在我国"十五五"规划建议稿中，推动量子科技成为新的经济增长点亦列入其 中。 莫道量子远，已在指掌前。在日益紧密的全球格局中，秉持开放包 ...

Core Insights - Quantum technology is a strategic emerging field crucial for national information security, experiencing rapid market growth under national strategic guidance, with China's market size projected to grow from 4.523 billion yuan in 2015 to 13.104 billion yuan in 2024, reflecting a compound annual growth rate of 12.55% [1][14] - Significant breakthroughs in quantum technology are anticipated globally in 2024, transitioning from theoretical research to practical applications, with advancements in quantum computing platforms and quantum communication systems [1][14] - The development of quantum technology is expected to drive the next technological revolution, providing new tools and perspectives for exploring the unknown [1][14] Industry Overview - Quantum technology integrates principles of quantum mechanics with information science, computing, and materials science, focusing on information acquisition, processing, and transmission through quantum effects [4][13] - The industry primarily encompasses three core areas: quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum precision measurement [4][13] Industry Development History - The Chinese government has emphasized the importance of advancing quantum technology, with strategic planning and support increasing since 2020 [6][9] - Notable achievements include the successful development of the "Zu Chongzhi No. 3" quantum computing prototype in March 2025, positioning China among the global leaders in superconducting quantum computing [1][7] - Recent advancements include the establishment of a 300-kilometer quantum direct communication network, validating the feasibility of long-distance secure communication [1][7] Industry Policies - The Chinese government has prioritized quantum technology in its "14th Five-Year Plan," aiming to implement significant national projects in frontier fields like quantum information [9][10] - The upcoming "15th Five-Year Plan" is expected to further promote quantum technology as a new economic growth point, alongside other emerging industries [9][10] Industry Value Chain - The quantum technology industry chain includes upstream components and technology development, midstream core equipment and system development, and downstream applications across various sectors such as cloud computing, finance, and defense [10][11] Market Size and Trends - The global quantum technology market is projected to reach $8.02 billion in 2024, with a year-on-year growth of 10.77%, and is expected to grow to $11.93 billion by 2025 [13] - Quantum computing dominates the market, accounting for 64.92% of the total, with North America leading in technological breakthroughs and industry applications [13][14] Key Companies - Major players in the Chinese quantum technology sector include China Great Wall Technology Group, Keda Technology, State Grid Information Communication, and others, contributing to a diverse competitive landscape [2][16] - China Great Wall Technology has reported significant growth in its computing industry, achieving a revenue of 5.148 billion yuan in the first half of 2025, a year-on-year increase of 9.63% [16] - Wuhan Guangxun Technology focuses on optical electronic devices and has seen a substantial increase in revenue from its data and access business, growing by 149.16% year-on-year in the first half of 2025 [16][17] Future Development Trends - Quantum computing is expected to overcome hardware performance bottlenecks, enhancing stability and developing new quantum bit architectures [17] - Quantum communication aims to establish broader and faster quantum key distribution networks, facilitating the construction of a future quantum internet [18] - Quantum measurement technology is anticipated to achieve significant precision improvements, expanding its applications in various fields [19]

Market Performance - On October 22, all three major U.S. stock indices closed lower, with the Dow Jones down 0.71% at 46,590.41 points, the S&P 500 down 0.53% at 6,699.4 points, and the Nasdaq down 0.93% at 22,740.4 points [4] - Major technology stocks showed mixed results, with Netflix dropping over 10%, marking its largest single-day decline since April 2020 [4] Corporate Earnings - Disappointing corporate earnings reports pressured the market, with U.S. Aluminum Company falling over 5% after reporting third-quarter sales of $3 billion, below expectations [4] - IBM's stock dropped over 4% after its third-quarter revenue was reported at $16.33 billion, slightly above analyst expectations of $16.1 billion [4] - Tesla reported record third-quarter revenue of $28.1 billion, exceeding the forecast of $26.36 billion, but its operating profit of $1.62 billion fell short of the expected $1.65 billion, leading to a post-market drop of 2% [4] Debt and Monetary Policy - As of October 21, the total U.S. federal government debt exceeded $38 trillion, marking a significant increase from $37 trillion just two months prior [3][7] - The Federal Reserve is considering a proposal to significantly relax capital requirements for large banks, with estimates suggesting an increase of only 3% to 7% in overall capital requirements, compared to previous proposals of 19% [8] International Developments - The U.S. Treasury announced sanctions against two major Russian oil companies, including Rosneft and Lukoil, along with their subsidiaries [9] Technological Advancements - Google announced a breakthrough in quantum computing with a new algorithm named "Quantum Echo," which can compute molecular structures 13,000 times faster than the best supercomputers [10]