光大期货能化商品日报 光大期货能化商品日报 | | 201.8 万桶。商业原油库存比去年同期低 0.59%；比过去五年同期 | | | --- | --- | --- | | | 低 4%；汽油库存比去年同期高 1.95%；比过去五年同期低 1%；馏 | | | | 分油库存比去年同期高 2.57%，比过去五年同期低 6%。当前在供 | | | | 应增量预期，地缘因素缓和，需求进入淡季的三重考验下，油价 | | | | 整体延续偏弱运行态势。 | | | | 周四，上期所燃料油主力合约 FU2601 收跌 1.25%，报 2834 元/ 吨；低硫燃料油主力合约 LU2511 收跌 1.23%，报 3360 元/吨。尽 | | | | 管符合规格的含硫 0.5%低硫燃料油的东西方套利窗口在近几周 | | | | 基本处于关闭状态，但用于调和低硫燃料油的组分油总体流入量 | | | 燃料油 | 持续增加。此外，亚洲秋季炼厂检修并未显著收紧当地供应，新 | 震荡 | | | 加坡低硫燃料油市场供应充足。亚洲高硫燃料油市场结构表现坚 | | | | 挺，部分原因在于相对稳定的下游船燃活动，但随着中东地区夏 | | ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements in prime editing technology, particularly the development of the next-generation prime editor (vPE) that significantly reduces genomic errors compared to its predecessor, the original prime editor (PE) [3][4][5]. Group 1: Prime Editing Technology - Prime Editor (PE) is an advanced CRISPR gene editing tool developed by Professor Liu Ruqian's team in 2019, capable of editing and repairing 89% of 75,000 known pathogenic human genetic mutations [3][5]. - The editing process involves the prime editor binding to the genomic target, creating a single-strand DNA cut, and using pegRNA to guide the insertion or replacement of new DNA sequences [5][6]. - A significant challenge remains in eliminating errors produced as byproducts of prime editing, specifically insertion/deletion mutations (indels) that can lead to unpredictable and potentially harmful DNA sequences [5][6]. Group 2: Advances in Error Reduction - The research team identified key factors driving indel error formation, including the potential for the edited 3' new strand to extend beyond the pegRNA template and the conversion of single-strand cuts into double-strand breaks due to mismatch repair [6][7]. - By engineering the prime editor to induce instability in the competitive 5' strand, the team discovered a significant reduction in indel errors, leading to the development of the next-generation prime editor (vPE) [7][9]. - The vPE demonstrates a substantial improvement in editing efficiency while reducing the indel error rate to 1/60 of the original prime editor, with errors occurring only once every 543 edits [9].

Report Industry Investment Rating - Unilateral: Neutral; Inter - period: None; Cross - variety: None [3] Core View - New capacity such as the 450,000 - ton/year PP new device of CNOOC Ningbo Daxie Petrochemical Phase II Line 2 has been put into production, intensifying the abundant supply situation. The operating rate of PP inventory devices remained flat month - on - month, and the inventory in upstream and mid - stream decreased slightly. The number of PE maintenance devices increased, slightly alleviating the supply pressure, but the overall operating rate was still high, and production enterprises had inventory accumulation and de - stocking pressure. International oil prices showed a weak trend, oil - based production profits were acceptable, propane prices rose slightly, and PDH - based PP profits were near the break - even point. Downstream demand recovered slowly, agricultural films entered the seasonal demand conversion stage, overall order follow - up was slow, and terminal operating rates recovered slightly [2] Summary by Directory 1. Polyolefin Basis Structure - The report shows the plastic futures main contract trend and the LL East China - main contract basis, as well as the polypropylene futures main contract trend and the PP East China - main contract basis [8][11] 2. Production Profit and Operating Rate - PE operating rate was 78.7% (- 5.5%), PP operating rate was 78.2% (+ 0.3%). PE oil - based production profit was 384.7 yuan/ton (+ 130.5), PP oil - based production profit was - 175.3 yuan/ton (+ 130.5), PDH - based PP production profit was 64.2 yuan/ton (+ 38.5) [1] 3. Polyolefin Non - standard Price Difference - The report presents price differences such as HD injection molding - LL East China, HD blow molding - LL East China, etc. [27] 4. Polyolefin Import and Export Profits - LL import profit was - 26.9 yuan/ton (+ 12.1), PP import profit was - 519.2 yuan/ton (+ 32.4), PP export profit was 31.9 US dollars/ton (- 4.0) [1] 5. Polyolefin Downstream Operating Rates and Downstream Profits - PE downstream agricultural film operating rate was 14.5% (+ 0.7%), PE downstream packaging film operating rate was 49.9% (+ 0.8%), PP downstream plastic weaving operating rate was 42.0% (+ 0.6%), PP downstream BOPP film operating rate was 60.7% (- 0.5%) [1] 6. Polyolefin Inventory - The report shows inventory data of PE and PP in oil - based enterprises, coal - chemical enterprises, traders, and ports [74][80][84]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the emerging understanding of synonymous mutations in human cells, challenging the traditional view of these mutations as neutral and highlighting their potential impact on cellular adaptability and disease [2][5][6]. Group 1: Research Background - A study by a team from the University of Michigan suggested that synonymous mutations in yeast may not be neutral and could affect cellular adaptability, reigniting interest in their biological effects [1]. - Previous research has linked a small number of synonymous mutations to human diseases, indicating their potential role as cancer drivers, but experimental confirmation remains limited [6]. Group 2: New Research Findings - A new study published by researchers from Peking University developed a high-throughput screening technology named PRESENT to investigate functional synonymous mutations in the human genome [4]. - The research utilized an advanced prime editing system (PEmax) to create a library targeting 3,644 human protein-coding genes, allowing for large-scale screening of synonymous mutations [7]. Group 3: Methodology and Tools - The study integrated single-cell screening methods with the PRESENT technology, termed DIRECTED-seq, to systematically evaluate the impact of identified synonymous mutations on gene expression [8]. - A specialized machine learning model called DS Finder was developed to analyze the effects of functional synonymous mutations on various biological processes, such as mRNA splicing and transcription [9][11]. Group 4: Key Findings - The research indicated that synonymous mutations exhibit different fitness effects compared to non-synonymous mutations, although their phenotypic distribution was similar to negative controls [9]. - The study identified that synonymous mutations could alter RNA folding and affect translation, with PLK1_S2 being a notable example, and combined screening data with predictive models to identify clinically relevant synonymous mutations [9].