此外，裴晓菲表示，从长期来看，加严标准不但有助于推动PM2.5浓度的进一步降低，促进空气质量改 善，有效减少心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病的急性发病和住院风险，带来显著的公共健康收益，增进民生 福祉；而且能够有效带动新能源汽车、清洁能源等新质生产力的培育与发展，促进冶金、建材、石化等 行业先进工艺的推广使用，推动产业、能源、交通运输结构绿色低碳转型，促进经济社会高质量发展。 北京12月26日消息 近期，生态环境部发布了《环境空气质量标准（征求意见稿）》，加严了PM2.5和 PM10、SO2、NO2等污染物浓度限值。12月26日，生态环境部举行12月例行新闻发布会。会上，生态 环境部新闻发言人、宣教司司长裴晓菲在回答记者提问时表示，与2015年相比，十年来全国PM2.5平均 浓度下降了36%，重污染天数减少了68%，但国内生产总值上升63%、汽车保有量增长111%。从实践经 验看，标准修订不仅极大地改善了全国空气质量，而且对经济高质量发展发挥了积极的促进作用。 "国内外经验表明，相对严格的标准，不仅引领空气质量改善，更好保护人民群众身体健康，也为经济 发展注入绿色动能，推动经济社会高质量发展。"裴晓菲介绍，从实施方式 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has released a draft for public consultation on the revised "Ambient Air Quality Standards," which aims to tighten concentration limits for particulate matter and gases like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) [1][7]. Group 1: Reasons for Revising Air Quality Standards - The current standards have led to significant improvements in air quality, with PM2.5 annual average concentration decreasing by 36% from 2015 to 2024, and the number of heavily polluted days reduced by 68% [2][8]. - The revision aims to further protect public health, as PM2.5 remains the most harmful air pollutant according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [2][8]. - The revision supports the "Beautiful China" initiative, which targets an average PM2.5 concentration of below 25 micrograms per cubic meter by 2035, addressing the gap where nearly half of the compliant cities still exceed this limit [2][8][9]. Group 2: Key Changes in the Standards - The revised standards will tighten the PM2.5 annual average and daily average secondary limits to 25 micrograms per cubic meter and 50 micrograms per cubic meter, respectively [4][10]. - PM10 annual and daily average secondary limits will also be tightened to 50 micrograms per cubic meter and 100 micrograms per cubic meter [4][10]. - The revision includes stricter limits for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, while ozone and carbon monoxide limits will remain unchanged [11]. Group 3: Implementation of the Revised Standards - The revised standards will be implemented in two phases: the first phase (2026-2030) will introduce transitional limits of 30 micrograms per cubic meter for PM2.5 annual average and 60 micrograms per cubic meter for daily average [5][12]. - The second phase, starting in 2031, will fully enforce the revised limits for particulate matter and gases [5][12]. - The transitional limits are designed to allow for a smooth implementation and to reduce short-term pressures on economic and social development [6][12].

Group 1 - The air quality in Beijing is currently at a moderate pollution level, primarily due to PM2.5, with similar pollution observed in eastern China [1] - Since December 14, air quality has deteriorated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas due to reduced wind, increased humidity, and temperature inversions [1][2] - The current pollution process is attributed to unfavorable meteorological conditions combined with high emissions from various industries, leading to the accumulation and transformation of pollutants [2] Group 2 - In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the activity level in the thermal power and heating sector has increased by approximately 20 percentage points compared to pre-heating season levels [2] - Key industries such as steel, petrochemicals, and construction are maintaining high operational levels, contributing to persistent PM2.5 pollution [2] - The proportion of nitrates in PM2.5 has exceeded 30%, indicating that emissions from key industries and diesel vehicles are significant contributors to pollution [2] Group 3 - In response to the pollution, 86 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and central Yangtze River regions have activated early warning responses [2] - Specific measures include differentiated control strategies for industrial enterprises based on environmental performance, such as production halts and emission limits [2] - In Hubei province, nitrogen oxide emissions from industrial sources decreased by 10.1% as part of the coordinated response to pollution [3] Group 4 - Air quality in cities like Ezhou, Xiangyang, and Suizhou improved from heavy to moderate pollution levels by December 18 [3] - Public health recommendations include minimizing outdoor activities and using public transportation to reduce traffic emissions during poor air quality [3] - Air quality is expected to gradually improve in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region starting December 20, with further improvements in the Yangtze River Delta and central Yangtze River regions on December 21 [3]

中国环境科学研究院大气所所长胡京南称："为什么要加严？有越来越多的健康证据表明，PM2.5的污染实际上和像高血压，像吸烟，包 括高血糖等等，都是排名前几位的疾病负担的主要致病因子。所以PM2.5这次是我们修订的最首先考虑的污染物，PM10因为和PM2.5本身也是 有一个包含的关系，所以我们在修订PM2.5的同时也考虑它和PM10的关系来进行了同步修订。像二氧化硫和氮氧化物除了有自己的健康影响 以外，也是PM2.5中像硫酸盐、硝酸盐这些成分的关键前体物。所以这一次除了考虑这两种气态污染物的健康影响，特别也考虑它们对PM2.5 来源的贡献，所以也同步收严了这两种污染物的限值。" 据介绍，新的《环境空气质量标准》执行颗粒物浓度过渡限值，即从2026年到2030年，将PM2.5的年均浓度达标值设为30微克/立方米，将 PM10的年均浓度达标值设为60微克/立方米。再过5年，从2031年起，全面执行修订后的污染物浓度限值。 央视网消息：随着空气质量持续改善，生态环境部近日启动《环境空气质量标准》新一轮修订工作。根据15日对外发布的征求意见稿，其 中PM2.5等大气污染物的排放限值将会进一步收严。 根据意见稿，本次标准修 ...

Core Viewpoint - Long-term exposure to air pollutants, specifically PM2.5, significantly increases the risk of Lewy body dementia (LBD), highlighting the need for further research on air pollution's role in neurodegenerative diseases and its implications for public health strategies [4][11]. Group 1: Research Findings - A large-scale study involving 56 million individuals indicates a strong association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and hospitalization due to α-synucleinopathies, particularly in patients with LBD compared to those with non-dementia Parkinson's disease [4][7]. - The study demonstrates that α-synuclein plays a critical role in PM2.5-related neurodegenerative diseases, with wild-type mice exposed to PM2.5 for 10 months showing brain atrophy, cognitive deficits, and widespread α-synuclein pathology [8][11]. - PM2.5 exposure induces a pathogenic variant of α-synuclein, termed PM-PFF, which exhibits characteristics similar to those found in human LBD, including accelerated aggregation and increased neurotoxicity [8][11]. Group 2: Mechanisms and Implications - Chronic PM2.5 exposure and PM-PFF inoculation in humanized α-synuclein mice trigger gene expression changes that resemble those in LBD patients, underscoring a specific pathogenic axis for LBD [9][11]. - The findings suggest that PM-PFF could serve as a potential therapeutic target, emphasizing the importance of understanding environmental mechanisms in the pathogenesis of LBD [11].