生物世界
Search documents
Nature子刊:金鑫/吴水清揭示糖尿病性勃起功能障碍的致病机制,并开发出治疗方法
生物世界· 2026-01-17 09:00
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 糖尿病性勃起功能障碍 ( diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction, DMED) 是由糖尿病引发或加重的男性勃起困难, 在 男性糖尿病患者中高发,是 糖尿病最常见和令人困扰的并发症之一,且现有疗法效果有限,这迫切需要更深入的机制研究。 2026 年 1 月 16 日,中南大学湘雅二医院 金鑫 、 吴水清 等在 Nature 子刊 Nature Communications 上发表了题为: Improving erectile function in diabetic male mice by rescuing depalmitoylated FBP1 to reduce cavernosal lactate 的研究论文。 该研究揭示了 海绵体乳酸堆积 是 糖尿病性勃起功能障碍 ( DMED) 的核心病理机制,并阐明了 其分子调控机制,通过 mRNA-LNP 疗法恢复去棕榈酰化修饰 的 FBP1 以降低海绵体乳酸水平,成功改善了糖尿病雄性小鼠的勃起功能。 https://www.nature.com/articles/s ...
Cell子刊:白硕/李琦/孙韬等开发完全可生物降解的自供电电刺激器,增强肌肉修复
生物世界· 2026-01-17 09:00
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 骨骼肌 占人体体重的 40% - 50%,是人体最大的组织之一,在日常活动和运动功能中发挥着至关重要的 作用。虽然肌肉具有固有的自我修复机制,但在 大体积肌肉缺失 (VML) 后,这些修复机制往往无法完 全恢复肌肉组织。VML 不仅会导致肌肉力量下降和活动受限,还常常造成持续的功能缺陷和长期残疾。传 统的 VML 治疗方法,例如自体肌肉移植和物理治疗,虽然常用,但存在诸多局限性,包括供体部位短缺、 供体与受体不匹配以及恢复时间长等问题。 近年来, 电刺激 (ES) 作为一种促进组织再生的有前景的方法受到了关注。作为一种外源性治疗技术, 电刺激模拟生物电,已被证明通过调节细胞膜上的钙离子通道来促进组织修复和伤口愈合,从而改善愈合 过程。然而,传统的电刺激方法 (例如那些涉及植入针和电极的方法) ,仍面临着一些挑战,包括依赖体 积庞大的外部电源、使用便捷性以及患者舒适度等问题。 2026 年 1 月 16 日,中国科学院过程工程研究所 白硕 / 李琦 团队联合云南大学 孙韬 团队,在 Cell 子刊 Cell Biomaterials 上发表了题为 : Fully biod ...
Cell:突破血脑屏障!张明君/王伊龙团队利用纳米颗粒“劫持”颅骨免疫细胞,让药物直达大脑,已开展人体临床试验
生物世界· 2026-01-17 01:23
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 血脑屏障 (Blood-Brain Barrier,BBB), 是指脑毛细血管壁与神经胶质细胞形成的血浆与脑细胞之间的屏障,和由脉络丛形成的血浆和脑脊液之间的屏障,仅 允许特定类型的分子从血流进入大脑神经元和其他周围细胞。 血脑屏障的存在,对于阻止有害物质由血液进入大脑具有重要意义,但这也同时阻止了绝大部分小分子和大分子药物 (例如多肽,蛋白质和核酸) 的转移,严重 限制了中枢神经系统疾病 (例如神经退行性疾病、脑肿瘤,脑部感染和中风等) 的治疗。 颅骨免疫细胞 能够迅速进入大脑,理论上来说,这可能为克服血脑屏障、向中枢神经系统 (CNS) 递送药物提供变革性的机会。 2026 年 1 月, 清华大学生物医学工程学院 张明君 教授团队与 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院/ 国家神经系统疾病临床医学研究中 王伊龙 教授团队 合作 ( 高 喜泽 、 刘向荣 、 王楠星 为论文共同第一作者 ) ,在国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell 上发表了题为: Nanoparticles hijack calvarial immune cells for CNS drug delivery and ...
Cell Res:邓宏魁院士团队首次将人类T细胞化学重编程为多能干细胞
生物世界· 2026-01-17 01:23
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a breakthrough in T cell therapy through chemical reprogramming, which allows mature T cells to be converted into pluripotent stem cells, potentially addressing current limitations in immunotherapy [3][6]. Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The research team from Peking University successfully reprogrammed human T cells into pluripotent stem cells using a chemical approach, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods that rely on transcription factors [7][8]. - The method involves a two-phase process: the initial phase uses a small molecule cocktail to induce T cell aggregation and loss of T cell characteristics, followed by activation of pluripotency genes to produce T cell-derived pluripotent stem cells (hT-CiPS) [8]. Group 2: Characteristics of hT-CiPS Cells - hT-CiPS cells retain the T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement, which is crucial for recognizing specific antigens, thus preserving the diversity of the original T cell population [11][19]. - The generated hT-CiPS cells are highly similar in morphology and gene expression to human embryonic stem cells, indicating their potential for further applications in immunotherapy [10][11]. Group 3: Differentiation and Production - hT-CiPS cells can efficiently differentiate back into T cells, with a high success rate in producing CD3+ T cells that express TCRs, ensuring the specificity is maintained [13][15]. - The research indicates that 99.8% of the TCR sequences in the newly generated T cells match those of the parent hT-CiPS cells, confirming the fidelity of the reprogramming process [13]. Group 4: Future Applications - The chemical reprogramming platform could enable the industrial-scale production of "off-the-shelf" T cell products, significantly reducing costs and wait times for patients [15]. - The method's high safety profile, due to the use of small molecules without gene integration risks, and its ability to capture TCR diversity, positions it as a promising advancement in regenerative medicine and immunotherapy [19].
Cell:汪铭团队开发靶向蛋白降解新技术SupTAC,首次实现体内时空可控的靶向蛋白质降解
生物世界· 2026-01-17 01:23
然而,现有蛋白质降解技术在 体内应用 时,往往难以同时兼顾 时间选择性 和 空间选择性 ,导致降解效率受限,并面临 脱靶风险 。 因此,如何在复杂生命体系中实现蛋白质降解的 时空精准调控 ,是化学生物学和生命科学研究的核心挑战之一。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 近年来,包括分子胶、蛋白靶向降解嵌合体 (PROTAC) 等在内的 靶向蛋白降解 ( Targeted protein degradation, TPD) 技术已崭露头角,成为颇具前景 的治疗手段,其依赖于泛素蛋白酶体系统 (UPS) 来降解蛋白质, 彻底改变了基础生物学和药物研发中调控蛋白质功能的策略。 2026 年 1 月 16 日,中国科学院化学研究所 汪铭 团队在国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell 上发表了题为: Multimodal supramolecular targeting chimeras enable spatiotemporally resolved protein degradation in vivo 的研究论文。 该研究开发了 超分子靶向嵌合体 (SupTAC) 技术, 首次在活体动物模型中实现 可编程 、 时空可控的 ...
Nature子刊:中山大学施松涛团队开创“低压抗衰老”新策略,间歇性低气压延长寿命并改善衰老相关疾病
生物世界· 2026-01-16 08:30
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 衰老 是一个复杂的过程,会影响各种组织和器官,同时伴有衰老细胞的积聚。衰老细胞表现出增殖不可逆停滞以及对程序性细胞死亡的抵抗。重要的是,衰老细 胞能够分泌多种促炎细胞因子、趋化因子和组织重塑蛋白,这些统称为 衰老相关分泌表型 (SASP) 。 SASP 已被证实与衰老相关的退行性疾病发病机制有关,已有大量证据表明,通过药物或基因手段清除衰老细胞 (也被称为 Senolytics ) 是一种有效的抗衰老 方法。近年来,新研发的 Senolytics 药物已被证实能够特异性地清除衰老细胞,且副作用较小。 但目前尚不清楚 低气压 (Hypobaric Pressure,HP) 是否能 够诱导衰老细胞死亡。 衰老细胞 的积聚会导致 衰老 ,清除这些衰老细胞是一种有效的抗衰老策略。目前的抗衰老策略侧重于药物介导的衰老细胞清除,尚不清楚 低气压 条件是否能够 诱导衰老细胞死亡。 低气压 (HP) 是指低于标准大气压的相对压力状态,它既是高海拔地区的自然条件,也存在于人体内部。人体内低气压的分布是生物进化与适应性的重要体 现。低气压对于维持心脏、肺、腹腔、胃肠道及关节的基本生命活动至 ...
Cell子刊:脂肪肝是一种昼夜节律疾病,夜间病情加重
生物世界· 2026-01-16 08:30
Core Insights - The study indicates that Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is a diurnal disease influenced by multi-system insulin resistance and reduced insulin availability at night [3][9] - The severity of MASLD and related metabolic disorders exhibits significant diurnal fluctuations, with nighttime being the period of most severe metabolic issues, providing new insights for optimal timing of diet, exercise, and medication for patients [3][12] Summary by Sections - **Introduction to MASLD**: MASLD affects approximately 40% of the global population and is closely linked to obesity and insulin resistance (IR). It is characterized by excessive triglyceride (TAG) accumulation in liver cells, which can progress to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Hepatitis (MASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [5] - **Mechanisms of MASLD**: The pathogenesis of MASLD depends on the imbalance between lipid influx and synthesis versus clearance in the liver. TAG in the liver originates from fatty acid esterification, which can come from fat tissue breakdown, dietary intake, or de novo lipogenesis (DNL) [5] - **Circadian Influence on Metabolism**: Preclinical models show that liver metabolic homeostasis is strongly influenced by biological clocks, which synchronize physiological functions and behaviors over a 24-hour cycle. Disruption of these rhythms can lead to adverse metabolic outcomes, including liver steatosis [6] - **Research Findings**: The study analyzed diurnal metabolic phenotypes in MASLD patients and overweight controls using advanced stable isotope techniques. Key findings include significant nighttime metabolic dysfunction in MASLD, with activated pathogenic pathways such as hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance, DNL, and systemic NEFA exposure [7][9] - **Persistent Nighttime Dysfunction**: Even after weight loss and reduction of liver fat, nighttime metabolic dysfunction persists, suggesting it may be a primary driver of steatosis [8] - **New Treatment Strategies**: The research suggests a new therapeutic approach—time therapy. This includes scheduling most caloric intake during the day when insulin sensitivity is higher, exercising during less favorable metabolic periods, and adjusting medication timing based on the disease's circadian characteristics to maximize efficacy [12]
Nature:肠道菌群驱动T细胞可塑性,增强癌症免疫治疗效果
生物世界· 2026-01-16 04:37
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 利用免疫系统靶向和清除肿瘤细胞的癌症免疫疗法,已经彻底改变了癌症治疗格局。其中, 免疫检查点阻断 (ICB) 疗法,通过抑制 T 细胞活化的负调控因子来 增强抗肿瘤免疫反应,在部分癌症患者中取得了显著成功。然而,仍有相当大比例的癌症患者对此类治疗无应答,这凸显了理解影响 ICB 疗效因素的迫切性。 肠道微生物群 由驻留在胃肠道的数以万亿计的微生物组成,已成为影响免疫功能和癌症免疫疗法应答的关键决定因素,多项研究已证明,肠道微生物群的组成与 临床治疗响应存在关联。然而,关于肠道共生细菌如何影响 ICB 疗效的机制性理解仍然不清楚。 2026 年 1 月 14 日, 纽约大学医学院 Dan R. Littman 团队在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为: Microbiota-induced T cell plasticity enables immune-mediated tumour control 的研究论文。 该研究表明, 肠道微生物群诱导的 T 细胞可塑性,使免疫介导的肿瘤控制成为可能。因此 , 靶向调控肠道微生物群可作为扩大免疫检查点阻断 (ICB) ...
国产抗癌新药登上Nature Cancer:3期临床数据显示,苏维西塔单抗安全有效治疗铂耐药卵巢癌
生物世界· 2026-01-16 04:37
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 卵巢癌 ( Ovarian Cancer, OC) 是致死率最高的妇科恶性肿瘤,2022 年全球新增病例 324938 例,死亡病例 206834 例。以铂类药物为基础的化疗联合紫 杉醇 (可选择加用或不加用贝伐珠单抗) ;近年来,还会在此基础上联合维持治疗的 PARP 抑制剂和/或贝伐珠单抗,是晚期卵巢癌的主要治疗选择。 尽管当前的卵巢癌一线治疗的应答率为 75% - 80%,但大多数患者在 18 个月内仍会出现癌症复发。对于 铂耐药卵巢癌 ,标准的非铂类化疗疗效有限,仅有 ≤15% 的患者出现客观缓解,中位无进展生存期 (PFS) 在 3 - 4 个月之间 。因此, 临床上迫切需要新型安全有效的抗血管生成药物用于铂耐药卵巢癌的治 疗。 2026 年 1 月 9 日,中国医学科学院肿瘤医院 吴令英 教授 、 山东第一医科大学附属肿瘤医院(山东省肿瘤医院) 李清水 教授等,在 Nature 子刊 Nature Cancer 上发表了题为: Suvemcitug plus chemotherapy in women with platinum-resistant recu ...
中国博后一作Science论文:揭开肥胖“火上浇油”、点燃炎症及相关疾病的分子机制
生物世界· 2026-01-16 04:37
Core Viewpoint - Obesity is a significant global public health crisis linked to various chronic diseases, characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation that exacerbates disease progression [6][7]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in Science reveals that obesity reshapes macrophage nucleotide metabolism, leading to hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and uncontrolled inflammation, accelerating disease progression [3][4]. - The study identifies SAMHD1 as an intrinsic inhibitor in macrophages that can suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation across species from fish to humans [3]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Inflammation - The NLRP3 inflammasome acts as an "alarm" in the immune system, activated by tissue damage or stress, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, which, in obesity, disrupt insulin signaling and accelerate metabolic diseases [9]. - Obese individuals exhibit an increased amount of oxidized mitochondrial DNA (ox-mtDNA) in their immune cells, which activates the NLRP3 inflammasome [11][12]. Group 3: Role of SAMHD1 - SAMHD1 is crucial for maintaining nucleotide balance in cells, and obesity leads to its phosphorylation and functional impairment, resulting in excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation [14]. - The absence of functional SAMHD1 in animal models leads to NLRP3 hyperactivation, indicating its role as a regulatory mechanism against inflammation [14]. Group 4: Metabolic Reprogramming - Obesity alters the metabolic pathways in immune cells, allowing excess dNTPs to enter mitochondria via nucleotide transport proteins, bypassing normal synthesis pathways and leading to uncontrolled mtDNA synthesis [16]. - Blocking dNTP transport into mitochondria can reverse obesity-related inflammation, suggesting a potential therapeutic direction [16]. Group 5: Clinical Implications - Mice lacking SAMHD1 exhibit typical metabolic abnormalities after a high-fat diet, and blocking dNTP transport alleviates these symptoms [18]. - The study's findings indicate that targeting mitochondrial dNTP transport could lead to new therapies for chronic inflammation and metabolic diseases associated with obesity, offering a more precise approach than traditional immune response suppression methods [18].