编译丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 癌细胞中固有免疫传感器，例如 Toll 样受体 （TLR） 其异常的表达和亚细胞定位与促肿瘤炎症和癌症进展相关，但其机制仍很大程度上未知。破译肿瘤微环境中 的促炎介质将有助于癌症治疗药物的研发。 2025 年 7 月 18 日， 曹雪涛 院士团队在 Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 期 刊发表了题为： Phosphorylated Toll-like receptor 3 nuclear translocation in cancer cell promotes metastasis and chemoresistance 的研究论文。 该研究表明，癌细胞中磷酸化的 Toll 样受体-3 （TLR3） 的核转位， 促进癌症转移和化疗耐药 ，这一发现揭示了 固有免疫传感器在癌症中的非经典功能，其介 导的 JAK1/TLR3/PRMT5/c-Myc 信号轴或可作为克服化疗耐药的潜在预后标志物和治疗新靶点。 从机制上来说，磷酸激酶 JAK1 通过协同核转运因子 importin α5，介导了 TLR3 第 155 位丝氨酸 （S ...

Core Viewpoint - Ferroptosis is a newly discovered iron-dependent form of programmed cell death that plays a significant role in the development of various diseases, including cancer [2][4]. Group 1: Mechanism of Ferroptosis - Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial in initiating lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, significantly affecting chemotherapy resistance in cancer [3][10]. - The study published in Nature Cell Biology reveals that O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) acts as a ROS sensor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [4][10]. - ROS-induced oxidation activates OGT, which then modifies the transcription factor FOXK2, promoting its nuclear translocation and upregulating the expression of the key gene SLC7A11, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis and enhancing chemotherapy resistance in liver cancer cells [4][8]. Group 2: Implications for Cancer Treatment - The research elucidates a ROS-mediated oxidation-O-GlcNAcylation cascade that integrates ROS signaling, O-GlcNAc modification, and FOXK2-mediated transcriptional regulation of SLC7A11, contributing to resistance against ferroptosis and chemotherapy [10]. - Targeting this mechanism may provide a novel approach to reactivate ferroptosis, offering new strategies to overcome cancer resistance [10].

Core Viewpoint - The research identifies a novel ionizable lipid, C-a16, which reduces immunogenicity and enhances mRNA delivery efficiency, providing a promising avenue for mRNA therapies and vaccines [3][5][8]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in Nature Biomedical Engineering highlights the development of C-a16, an antioxidant ionizable lipid that shows significantly reduced immunogenicity [3][5]. - C-a16, when incorporated into lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for mRNA delivery, decreases the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby prolonging protein expression duration [7][8]. - In vivo experiments demonstrated that C-a16-LNP significantly improved gene editing efficiency by 2.8 times and increased protein expression levels by 3.6 times compared to commercial LNPs [7]. Group 2: Implications for mRNA Therapy - The findings suggest that C-a16 could enhance the therapeutic applications of mRNA by inducing stronger antigen-specific immune responses when delivering mRNA encoding tumor neoantigens or SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [7][8]. - The research indicates a potential shift in mRNA delivery systems, focusing on reducing immunogenicity while improving efficacy, which is crucial for the success of mRNA-based therapies and vaccines [3][8].

Core Findings - The study reveals a "same-sex clustering" phenomenon in families with multiple children, challenging the traditional view that each child's gender is an independent event with a 50% probability for boys and girls [3][4][5][7] - For families with three or more children, the likelihood of having all boys or all girls is higher than having both genders [7] - The probability of a woman having another boy after already having one boy is 57%, and this probability increases to 61% after having three boys. Similarly, the probability of having another girl after having one girl is 53%, increasing to 58% after three girls [4][5] Maternal Age Influence - The research indicates that a mother's age at the time of her first childbirth significantly affects the gender of her children. Women who give birth after the age of 29 have a 13% higher probability of having only boys or only girls compared to those who give birth before age 23 [9][10] - This suggests that the maternal environment, which changes with age, may influence the success of sperm carrying X or Y chromosomes [10] Genetic Factors - The study identifies specific genes associated with a tendency to give birth to boys or girls. A particular SNP (rs58090855) on chromosome 10 is linked to a higher likelihood of having girls, while another SNP (rs1506275) near the TSHZ1 gene on chromosome 18 is associated with a higher likelihood of having boys [12][13] - This indicates that some women may have a genetic predisposition that affects the gender ratio of their offspring, providing a new perspective on family gender patterns [13] Conclusion - Overall, the research demonstrates that the gender of newborns is not entirely random, with maternal age and specific genetic mutations playing significant roles in determining offspring gender [14][15] - The findings open new avenues for exploring the complex biological mechanisms influencing gender determination, while emphasizing that the study's purpose is to reveal natural patterns rather than to facilitate gender selection [15][16]

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 二维 （2D） 硒化铟 （InSe） 凭借其低有效质量、高热速度与卓越的电子迁移率，是一种有望超越硅电子器件的半导体材料，但其生长薄膜的性能尚未达到机械 剥离法制备的微米级薄片的水平，大大制约了其规模化应用。 2025 年 7 月 17 日，北京大学 刘开辉 教授、 中国人民大学 刘灿 副教授、北京大学 邱晨光 研究员、 姜建峰 博士作为共同通讯作者 （ 秦彪 、 姜建峰 为共同 第一作者 ） 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为： Two-dimensional indium selenide wafers for integrated electronies 的研究论文。 | | | --- | | FENG DING D, CHENGUANG QIU D, CAN LIU @, AND KAIHUI LIU @ ( fewer ) Authors Info & Affiliations | | SCIENCE · 17 Jul 2025 · Vol 389, Issue 6757 · pp. 299-302 · DOl: 10.1126/science.adu38 ...

在这项最新研究中，研究团队展示了非双曲晶体 钒酸钇 （ YVO₄ ） 中双曲表面声子极化激元的涌现。通 过结合实空间纳米成像与理论分析，研究团队观察到， YVO₄ 晶体表面在其非双曲频率范围内 （此时材料 的介电张量分量均为负值） 存在声子极化激元的双曲波前。 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 在双曲晶体 （即介电张量分量符号相反的各向异性材料） 中，物质-光子杂化激发因其通过双曲极化激元 形式展现的强烈光-物质相互作用而备受关注。然而，此类现象此前仅限于双曲晶体，其光学响应被束缚于 固定光谱范围且缺乏可调性，因而广泛适用性受限。 2025 年 7 月 16 日， 中国地质大学（武汉） 戴志高 教授、 李国岗 教授及 南洋理工大学 胡光维 教授、 王岐捷 教授作为共同通讯作者，在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为： Long-range hyperbolic polaritons on a non-hyperbolic crystal surface 的研究论文。 该研究首次在 非双曲晶体 钒酸钇 （YVO₄） 表面 实现了长程双曲声子极化激元，这一突破不仅摆脱了对 双曲晶体的依赖，还 拓展了双曲纳米光学 ...

Core Insights - The article highlights significant research published in the journal Cell, with a focus on studies led by Chinese scholars, covering various biological mechanisms and their implications for health and disease [2]. Group 1: Adeno-Associated Virus Research - A study identified an alternative receptor for adeno-associated viruses (AAV), named AAVR2, which can restore transduction in the absence of AAVR and provide a unique entry pathway for unclassified AAVs [4][6]. - The research suggests that overexpressing a minimal functional AAVR2 can enhance AAV transduction in vivo, allowing low doses of AAV to achieve similar therapeutic effects [6][8]. Group 2: Glucose Restriction and Tumor Metastasis - Research revealed that glucose restriction influences the pre-metastatic immune landscape in the lungs through exosomal TRAIL, suggesting a new mechanism of immune regulation [10][11]. - The study warns that extreme low-carbohydrate diets may inhibit tumor growth but could also promote lung metastasis, highlighting the need for careful evaluation of metabolic intervention strategies [11][13]. Group 3: Neurovascular Coupling - A study demonstrated that endothelial gap junction coupling enables rapid propagation of vasodilation during neurovascular coupling, crucial for meeting the brain's instantaneous energy demands [15][16]. - The findings indicate that the molecular composition of gap junctions varies along the arterial-venous axis, with the strongest connections found in the arterial segments [16][18]. Group 4: pH-Dependent Inflammatory Responses - Research uncovered how acidic environments during inflammation regulate immune responses through pH-dependent transcriptional condensates, identifying BRD4 condensates as pH sensors [20][21]. - The study suggests that pH acts not only as a byproduct of inflammation but also as an active regulator of the inflammatory response, providing new insights into chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases [23]. Group 5: Thyroid Hormone Transport Mechanism - A study elucidated the structural mechanisms of thyroid hormone transport via MCT8 and OATP1C1, revealing their binding interactions with active thyroid hormones [25][26]. - The research highlights the importance of these transport mechanisms in development and disease, providing insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of related mutations [28].

排版丨水成文 天使综合征 （Angelman syndrome） ，是一种罕见的遗传性发育障碍疾病，约 20000 名新生儿中有一名 患病。患病儿童有严重的智力障碍、癫痫发作、行走和睡眠障碍，以及缄默症 （有些甚至一生中一言不 发） ，脸上始终带着笑容，也因此得名。 天使综合征是由位于 15 号染色体上的印迹基因 UBE3A 的突变或缺失导致的单基因遗传病，然而，其遗传 学原理又比一般的单基因遗传病更为复杂。通常每个基因都有两个拷贝 （一个来自父亲，一个来自母亲） ，这一对基因也被称为等位基因。而 UBE3A 基因比较特殊，其来自父亲的拷贝会被其反义链转录的长链 UBE3A -ATS 所沉默，所以只有来自母亲的拷贝表达。如果来自母亲的 UBE3A 基因出现问题 （突变或缺 失） ，就会导致患上天使综合征。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 对于这种复杂的遗传疾病，目前还没有根治方法，只能使用抗癫痫药物控制癫痫发作、以及进行运动、语 言康复及行为教育。 2025 年 7 月 11 日，罗氏公司 （Roche） 的研究人员在 Nature Medicine 期刊发表了 ： The UBE3A - ATS antisens ...

在自然界中，许多蛋白质会折叠成稳定的形状。但 内在无序蛋白 （IDP） 和 内在无序区域 （IDR） 缺乏 稳定的结构，而它们几乎占据了人类蛋白质组的一半。这些蛋白驱动着关键的细胞信号转导、应激反应以 及多种疾病进展，但由于其高度的构象灵活性，长期以来一直难以研究，也难以开发靶向新药，因此也被 称为" 不可成药 " （ undruggable ） 靶点 。 而现在， 这些 " 不可成药 "靶点不在难成药！ 人工智能 （AI） 攻克内在无序蛋白/区域，成功解锁治疗靶 点。 2025 年 7 月 17 日，诺奖得主、蛋白质设计先驱 David Baker 教授发表了 两篇新论文 ，利用 生成式人 工智能 （ Generative AI ） 设计并生成能够精准结合无序蛋白质/区域的结合蛋白，精度达到原子级别， 从而 攻克" 不可成药 "的疾病靶点。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 David Baker 教授 David Baker 教授是 华盛顿大学蛋白质设计研究所的所长，他因开创性地将人工智能 （AI） 应用于蛋白质 设计而荣获 2024 年 诺贝尔化学奖 。近年来，他的实验室开发了一种基于 diffu ...

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 气凝胶 以其高孔隙率和极低的密度而闻名，可由多种材料制成，但在极端热机械条件下存在结构不稳定的 局限性。 浙江大学高分子科学与工程系 高超 教授 、 刘英军 研究员、 许震 研究员作为共同通讯作者 （ 庞凯 、 夏 雨星 、 刘晓婷 、 童文浩 为共同第一作者 ） ，在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为 ： Dome- celled aerogels with ultrahigh-temperature superelasticity over 2273 K 的研究论文。 该研究利用 全新的气凝胶构筑方法—— 氧化石墨烯基二维通道受限发泡法 ，成功制备出 具有微穹顶结构 的高弹气凝胶 ，其耐热能力突破 了 2000 ℃ （2273 K） 大关，在反复挤压下依然保持轻盈高弹、性能稳 定，有望在深空探测器、超音速飞行器、核聚变装置中提供热防护。 气凝胶中90%以上都是微纳米级的气孔，它们通常是蜂窝或拱形结构。在这项最新研究中，研究团队 利用 全新的气凝胶构筑方法 —— 氧化石墨烯基二维通道受限发泡法 ，在气凝胶中引入了穹顶结构，制备了 194 种超轻的微穹顶结构气凝胶，它们 ...