该研究以： Sensitized mast cells for targeted drug delivery and augmented cancer immunotherapy （ 致敏肥大细胞 用于靶向药物递送和增强癌症免疫治疗 ） 为题，发表于 国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell ，浙江 大学 药学院 顾臻 教授、 俞计成 教授及中国医科大学附属第一医院 刘福囝 教授为论文共同通讯作者 ， 浙江大学 博士后 徐妍 为论文第一作者。该论文还被选为最新一期 Cell 封面论文 。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 有些人一吃海鲜会起荨麻疹，一到花粉季节就喷嚏打不停，这些常见反应都源自人体最快、最强烈的防御 机制之一 —— 过敏反应 。 而 Cell 期刊近期发表的一项研究，将这种强大的免疫反应重新定向——不再是对抗花粉或食物，而是用来 对抗癌症 。 该研究报道了一个基于 工程化肥大细胞 的靶向治疗平台， 让这些平时在 过敏反应 中扮演重要角色的细 胞，化身为对抗癌症的"快递员"，在动物模型上验证了利用 肿瘤相关抗原 作为" 过敏原 "，驱动装载 抗肿 瘤药物 （例如 溶瘤病毒 ） 的肥大细胞在体内主动聚集至肿 ...

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 自白垩纪中期以来， 被子植物 为何能 迅速崛起 ，并在极短时间内完成爆发式多样化的？这一 达尔文 提出的 "恼人之谜" （ abominable mystery ） ，至今仍 是一个悬而未决的难题 。 基因组学和泛基因组学的最新进展为研究开花植物的快速进化和发育开辟了新途径。 然而，高质量的无间隙基因组和泛基因组资源的缺乏限制了我们全面了解基 因组和泛基因组结构及多样性，以及它们与植物表型变异之间联系的能力。在驯化过程中迅速多样化的作物，例如 白菜 （ Brassica rapa ） ，可能是解答此类 问题的合适对象。 2026 年 2 月 5 日，河北农业大学 赵建军 教授、 马卫 教授、 洪益国 教授及 河南省农科院蔬菜研究所 原玉香 研究员，比利时根特大学 Yves Van de Peer 教 授作为共同通讯作者 （ 马卫、刘远铭、张晓孟、魏小春、李晓楠、刘照坤、袁凌云、李光光为论文共同第一作者 ） ，在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 期刊发表了 题为： Gapless pangenome analyses reveal fast Brassica rapa subspec ...

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 甘蔗 （ Saccharum spp.） 是全球重要的糖料和能源作物，提供了全球约 80% 的食糖和 40% 的乙醇。 现代甘蔗栽培品种具有极其复杂的基因组，这是由种间杂交、极端且不均等的多倍体、非整倍体以及大量 重复序列所塑造的。这些特征模糊了单倍型和等位基因剂量，使遗传研究和育种工作变得复杂。 单一线性 参考基因组 无法适应倍性、染色体数量或渗入背景方面的变异。 被认为是最具发展潜力的可再生能源作物之一。广西是我国最大的甘蔗主产区，甘蔗产业的可持续发展对 保障国家食糖安全具有重要意义。 现代栽培甘蔗品种源于高糖的热带种甘蔗与高抗逆的野生甘蔗在百余年前的杂交回交，其基因组呈现倍性 高、染色体数量多、结构变异频繁和重复序列高度富集等极端复杂特征。这使得传统单一线性参考基因组 难以准确解析甘蔗的遗传结构和等位剂量信息，测序数据在分析过程中普遍存在比对困难和信息丢失。研 究表明，传统 "单一线性基因组"范式已难以满足甘蔗等复杂多倍体作物的研究需求，亟需建立新的基因组 参考和分析体系。 多组学整合：泛基因组指导的多组学分析改善了比对效果，增强了可用信号，发现了更多高置信度的表观 基因组特 ...

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 大脑 通过各专门区域之间的协调互动来指挥诸如认知、感觉和行动等复杂行为。人类拥有约 860 亿个皮层神经元和数量相近的神经胶质细胞，这两者与认知能力 呈正相关。 除了神经元和神经胶质细胞数量上的差异外，大脑区域的功能特化还源于其独特的分子结构，包括特定区域的神经递质系统、突触蛋白组合以及代谢特征。尽管 我们在人类大脑转录组图谱方面已取得进展，但基于大脑区域蛋白质表达的大脑功能区特征及其相互作用的研究，仍然有限。 2026 年 2 月 4 日，中国医学科学院北京协和医院 冷泠 研究员团队联合 陆军军医大学第一附属医院（西南医院） 卞修武 院士、 北京蛋白质组研究中心 朱云平 研究员 ，在 Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 期刊发表了题为： Region-resolved proteomic map of the human brain: functional interconnections and neurological implications 的研究论文。 该研究绘制了 人类大脑不同区域的蛋白质组图谱 ，以探究 不同脑区之间的功 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the development of OpenScholar, an AI assistant designed specifically for researchers to synthesize scientific literature accurately and efficiently, addressing the issue of "hallucination" in existing large language models [2][5][21]. Group 1: OpenScholar Overview - OpenScholar is a retrieval-augmented language model that can intelligently retrieve relevant paragraphs from 45 million open-access papers and generate comprehensive review papers with accurate citations [5][7]. - The model's citation accuracy is comparable to that of human experts and surpasses mainstream models like GPT-4o in multiple tests [5][11]. Group 2: Functionality and Workflow - OpenScholar operates through a three-step process: retrieval of relevant content, generation of answers with citations, and self-feedback for iterative improvement [7][9]. - The system is built on a dedicated data store (OpenScholar DataStore) that allows for transparent and reproducible research [7][21]. Group 3: Evaluation and Performance - The ScholarQABench benchmark was developed to assess AI systems' reliability in synthesizing scientific literature, featuring nearly 3,000 expert-written questions across various fields [12][13]. - OpenScholar demonstrated impressive results in the benchmark, outperforming GPT-4o in citation accuracy and overall usefulness, with human experts favoring OpenScholar's responses over those of GPT-4o [16][18][19]. Group 4: Implications for Research - The introduction of OpenScholar signifies a significant advancement in the application of AI in scientific research, potentially transforming literature reviews from a burdensome task into an efficient exploration process [21][23]. - Future developments may enhance OpenScholar's capabilities, making it a true collaborator for researchers, allowing them to focus more on innovation rather than information filtering [23].

Core Insights - The article discusses the role of the vagus nerve in tumor-brain communication and its implications for cancer immunity and progression [2][3][5]. Group 1: Tumor-Brain Communication - The study reveals a bidirectional communication between tumors and the brain mediated by the sensory-sympathetic axis, which plays a crucial role in inhibiting anti-cancer immunity and promoting cancer progression [3][6]. - Increased neural innervation of tumors is associated with poor cancer prognosis, highlighting the importance of understanding how the brain perceives and responds to tumors in peripheral organs [5][6]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Action - The research identifies a tumor-brain signaling axis that promotes tumor development by establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment [6]. - Vagal sensory neurons, which connect visceral organs to the brain, are shown to be involved in the signaling process, with specific neurons transmitting signals from lung tumors to brainstem nuclei, enhancing sympathetic output in the tumor microenvironment [6][7]. Group 3: Therapeutic Implications - Disruption of the sensory-sympathetic pathway through genetic, pharmacological, or chemogenetic methods can significantly inhibit lung tumor growth by enhancing anti-cancer immune responses [8][10]. - Targeting the tumor-brain communication pathway may provide new therapeutic strategies for visceral organ cancers [10].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 脓毒症 被定义为一种危及生命的器官功能障碍综合征，其 特征是对感染的免疫能力受损，导致多器官功能障碍，其中 肺部 是最易受累的器官。 在这项最新研究中，研究团队发现， 生酮饮食 （Ketogenic diet） 通过" 微生物-肠-肺 "信号轴减轻脓毒症诱导的肺损伤。 具体来说，生酮饮食改变了小鼠和人类的肠道微生物群，富集了 罗伊氏乳杆菌 （ Limosilactobacillus reuteri ） 和 植物乳杆菌 （ Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ） 。这些肠道细菌的特定菌株产生一种黄素依赖性单加氧酶 （ flavin-dependent monooxygenase，FMO ） ，能将生酮饮食中的油酸 （oleic acid） 转化为壬二酸 （ azelaic acid ） 。脓毒症期间，壬二酸易位至肺部，通过激活 PPAR-γ 促进中性粒细胞凋亡并扩增 MerTK + 肺泡巨噬细胞，从而增强 胞葬作用 （ efferocytosis ） 并促进肺损伤的消退。 生酮饮食 （ Ketogenic diet，KD） 是一种高脂肪、极低碳水化 ...

Core Viewpoint - Sleep disorders are increasingly recognized as a global public health challenge, significantly increasing the risk of various chronic diseases, particularly those related to the gut, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer [3][4]. Group 1: Research Findings - A new "brain-gut dialogue" neuroendocrine regulatory pathway has been revealed, showing that sleep disorders can directly regulate intestinal stem cell function through the "dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) - vagus nerve - gut" axis [4]. - The research team constructed a mouse model of sleep deprivation and found that the DMV is a key neural cluster highly sensitive to sleep deprivation, with sleep loss leading to abnormal activation of DMV neurons and increased acetylcholine release to the gut [7]. - Excessive serotonin (5-HT) levels in the gut, resulting from sleep deprivation, significantly impair the regenerative capacity of intestinal stem cells, with a notable decrease in their numbers and epithelial renewal ability observed after just two days of sleep deprivation [7][8]. Group 2: Implications and Interventions - Approximately 95% of the body's serotonin originates from the gut, and its imbalance due to sleep disorders may not only damage the gut barrier but also affect other organs like the liver, pancreas, and cardiovascular system, potentially driving multi-organ dysfunction [8]. - Various intervention strategies targeting this pathway have shown protective effects, including atropine to block muscarinic receptor signaling, the specific HTR4 antagonist GR113808, and the antioxidant vitamin C, which can alleviate gut damage caused by sleep disorders [8][10].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 三阴性乳腺癌 （TNBC） 因缺乏雌激素受体 （ER） 、孕激素受体 （PR） 和 HER2 的表达而得名，是乳腺癌中最具侵袭性、最难治疗的亚型。近年来，免疫检 查点抑制剂 （ICI） 在 TNBC 治疗中展现出潜力，但仅部分患者受益。一个关键原因是肿瘤微环境 （TME） 的紊乱：免疫细胞被排除在肿瘤之外，无法有效攻 击癌细胞。 以往研究多聚焦于癌细胞本身或免疫细胞，但近年来，科学家们发现， 神经系统也参与肿瘤调控 。例如， 神经侵犯 （ Perineural Invasion ， PNI ） —— 癌细 胞包围、沿着或侵入神经纤维生长的想现象——与乳腺癌预后不良相关。然而，神经如何具体影响 TNBC 微环境，仍是一个谜。 2026 年 2 月 5 日， 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院 江一舟 教授、 邵志敏 教授及 倪金飞，复旦大学脑科学转化研究院 倪金飞 青年研究员等，在国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell 上发表了题为： Sensory neurons drive immune exclusion by stimulating a dense extracellular matrix ...

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant contribution of Chinese scholars to the latest research published in the prestigious journal Nature, with 13 out of 30 papers authored by them, showcasing the growing influence of Chinese researchers in the global scientific community [3][5][8][10][12][15][17][19][22][24][26][28][30][31]. Group 1 - On February 5, 2023, a paper titled "Atlas-guided discovery of transcription factors for T cell programming" was published by researchers from the University of California, San Diego, indicating advancements in T cell programming research [5]. - A study titled "PtdIns(3,5)P2 is an endogenous ligand of STING in innate immune signalling" was published by researchers from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, contributing to the understanding of innate immune signaling [8]. - Another paper titled "Regulation of STING activation by phosphoinositide and cholesterol" was published by researchers from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, further exploring STING activation mechanisms [10]. Group 2 - A research paper titled "Discovery Learning predicts battery cycle life from minimal experiments" was published by researchers from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, focusing on battery technology and its lifecycle prediction [12]. - The paper "Bacterial immune activation via supramolecular assembly with phage triggers" was published by researchers from MIT, contributing to the field of bacterial immunity [15]. - A study titled "Signatures of fractional charges via anyon–trions in twisted MoTe2" was published by researchers from the University of Washington, exploring advanced materials and their properties [19]. Group 3 - A paper titled "Phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in 470,727 UK Biobank genomes" was published by researchers from AstraZeneca, indicating significant findings in genomic research [17]. - The research titled "Tumour–brain crosstalk restrains cancer immunity via a sensory–sympathetic axis" was published by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University, addressing cancer immunity mechanisms [19]. - A study titled "Single-molecule dynamics of the TRiC chaperonin system in vivo" was published by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, contributing to the understanding of protein dynamics [22].