Core Viewpoint - The research published by Yale University confirms the presence of T cells in the healthy brains of mice and humans, specifically in the subfornical organ (SFO), indicating that T cells can reside in the brain under normal conditions, contrary to previous beliefs about the blood-brain barrier and immune cell isolation [3][11]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study reveals that T cells in the SFO are enriched and play a crucial role in monitoring gut and fat tissue information, which is essential for regulating feeding and behavior [3][11]. - T cells in the SFO are distinct from those in the meninges, as they express proteins like CXCR6 that allow them to remain in brain tissue and secrete immune signaling proteins such as IFNγ [8][11]. - The research indicates a relationship between dietary habits and the quantity of T cells in the brain, with high-fat diets leading to an increase in T cells in both fat tissue and the brain [8][9]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Interaction - The study demonstrates that fasting increases T cell numbers in the brain while decreasing them in fat tissue, suggesting that dietary intake can dynamically regulate T cell migration to the central nervous system [9][11]. - Antibiotic intervention to deplete gut microbiota resulted in a significant reduction of T cells in the brain, indicating that gut microbiota may influence immune cell homeostasis in the central nervous system [9][11]. - The presence of T cells in the brain is linked to feeding behavior, as T cell-deficient mice took longer to find food when hungry compared to normal mice, highlighting their role in foraging and eating behaviors [9][11].

Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by the team from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics addresses the long-term stability challenges of perovskite solar cells in outdoor environments, achieving comparable performance to commercial silicon solar cells [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in Science on May 29, 2025, introduced a vapor-assisted surface reconstruction technique that mitigates irreversible degradation in industrial-scale perovskite solar modules [1]. - The developed perovskite solar module, with an area of approximately 0.8 square meters, achieved a power conversion efficiency of about 19.6%, maintaining this output after 45 days of outdoor operation in summer [1]. - The research team effectively isolated surface defects using vapor deposition techniques, which reduced ion migration and surface ion defect concentration, thus controlling the dynamics of ion migration during light-dark cycles [1]. Group 2: Performance Metrics - The industrial-scale perovskite solar module, measuring 785 square centimeters, maintained over 97% of its initial efficiency after 101 light-dark cycles at 50 degrees Celsius, demonstrating excellent stability [1]. - The stability performance of the perovskite solar module in harsh summer conditions was comparable to that of the control silicon battery group [1]. Group 3: Technological Advancements - The two studies form a technological closed loop, systematically addressing the stability challenges across the entire chain from laboratory to production line to outdoor application, with related technologies already patented [2].

。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 2025 年 5 月 29 日，国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上线了 篇论文 ， 其中 8 篇来自华人学者 （包括作为通讯作者和第一作者的论文） 。 5 月 29 日，中山大学肿瘤防治中心 康铁邦 、 武远众 作为通讯作者， 在 Science 期刊发表了题为： ASB7 is a negative regulator of H3K9me3 homeostasis （ ASB7 是 H3K9me3 稳态的负调控因子 ） 的研究论文 【1】 。 该研究通过全基因组 CRISPR-Cas9 筛选，发现 E3 泛素连接酶 CUL5 ASB7 是 H3K9me3 的负调控因子， ASB7 通过 HP1 被招募至异染色质区域并促进 SUV39H1 降解。在细胞分裂期，CDK1 通过磷酸化修饰 ASB7，阻断其与 SUV39H1 的相互作用，使 SUV39H1 稳定性增强并实现 H3K9me3 水平的恢复。该 工作揭示了由 HP1、SUV39H1 和 ASB7 组成的动态调控回路，通过维持 H3K9me3 稳态确保表观遗传的精准传递，同时防止异染色质过度形成。 5 月 29 ...

Core Viewpoint - The research identifies a novel bile acid receptor, MRGPRE, activated by a microbial amino-acid-conjugated bile acid, tryptophan-cholic acid (Trp-CA), which plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis and offers new targets for drug development in metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes [3][4][5]. Group 1: Discovery of Trp-CA and MRGPRE - The study reveals that Trp-CA is significantly reduced in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, with its abundance negatively correlated with clinical blood glucose indicators [5]. - Trp-CA improves glucose tolerance in diabetic mice, indicating its potential therapeutic effects [5]. - Unlike traditional bile acids that activate FXR and TGR5 receptors, Trp-CA specifically activates the orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) MRGPRE [5][6]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - The research elucidates the mechanism by which Trp-CA regulates GLP-1 secretion through two pathways: MRGPRE-Gs-cAMP and MRGPRE-β-arrestin-1-ALDOA, with the latter being a previously unknown mechanism [6][8]. - GLP-1 is known to promote insulin secretion, thereby contributing to blood glucose regulation [6]. Group 3: Implications for Drug Development - The findings provide a new paradigm for understanding the physiological significance of microbial-derived bile acids and pave the way for further research on amino-acid-conjugated bile acids (MABA) [4][8]. - The study suggests that Trp-CA could lead to the development of new glucose-lowering drugs without the side effect of itchiness associated with traditional bile acids [8].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the revolutionary changes occurring in the beauty industry due to the intersection of synthetic biology and artificial intelligence (AI), highlighting the rapid advancements made by Chinese company Weiming Shiguang in this field [2][4]. Group 1: Company Overview - Weiming Shiguang, established in 2021, focuses on the innovative research and production of bioactive materials, leveraging AI and synthetic biology to enhance efficiency and sustainability in beauty ingredient development [8][24]. - The company has completed five rounds of financing within four years, attracting significant investments from major players like L'Oréal and Naissance Group, indicating strong market confidence in its innovative capabilities [4][9]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - Weiming Shiguang has built a comprehensive research and development system that integrates AI across three main areas: ingredient discovery, evaluation, and sustainable production, enabling end-to-end innovation in ingredient production [11][20]. - The company boasts the world's largest database of 30 billion bioactive molecules, significantly improving the efficiency of targeted screening by over 10,000 times through AI algorithms [15][21]. Group 3: Strategic Partnerships - The strategic partnership between Weiming Shiguang and L'Oréal aims to advance the development of bioactive ingredients and sustainable beauty solutions, showcasing a deep integration of science and innovation [6][9]. - Weiming Shiguang's recognition in L'Oréal's "BIG BANG" beauty technology co-creation program highlights its innovative approach and alignment with global sustainability goals [8][9]. Group 4: Market Position and Global Expansion - The company is positioning itself as a key player in the global beauty ingredient market, having established partnerships with several leading brands and manufacturers, thus enhancing its international presence [28][29]. - Weiming Shiguang is actively building an international team and compliance framework to support its global expansion, aiming to elevate Chinese beauty ingredients to the global stage [28][29].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a study published in Nature that quantifies the impact of air pollutants on hydroxyl radicals (OH) and the global methane budget from 2005 to 2021, revealing complex interactions that affect methane concentrations and trends [2][4]. Group 1: Study Findings - The research highlights that air pollutants such as ozone (O3) and carbon monoxide (CO) significantly influence the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (OH), which are crucial for methane oxidation, accounting for approximately 90% of methane's chemical removal in the atmosphere [2][4]. - From 2005 to 2021, the increase in tropospheric ozone and water vapor, along with a decrease in carbon monoxide levels, contributed to an annual increase of 1.3-2.0 Tg (teragrams, where 1 Tg = 1 million metric tons) in the global atmospheric methane sink, effectively mitigating rapid methane concentration growth driven by emissions [5][4]. - The study identifies that periods of rapid methane growth are often linked to fluctuations in air pollutants that cause sudden drops in hydroxyl radical concentrations, particularly during extreme events like wildfires and the COVID-19 pandemic [5][4]. Group 2: Implications for Policy - The findings underscore the necessity of establishing a dynamic monitoring and assessment system for the impact of air pollutants on hydroxyl radicals and the atmospheric methane sink, which is vital for predicting interannual methane concentration trends and formulating climate mitigation strategies [6]. - It is emphasized that when developing air quality improvement and methane control policies, the complex effects of atmospheric chemical processes on methane sinks must be considered to achieve synergistic outcomes in air pollution and climate governance [6].

Core Insights - On May 28, 2025, a total of 23 papers were published in the prestigious journal Nature, with 13 authored by Chinese scholars, highlighting the significant contribution of Chinese researchers to global scientific advancements [1][3][5]. Group 1: Research Highlights - The research by Huang Xiaoqiang from Nanjing University focuses on electricity-driven enzymatic dynamic kinetic oxidation, achieving a breakthrough in the compatibility of traditional electrochemistry and enzyme catalysis, paving the way for asymmetric biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids like ibuprofen [1]. - Stephen Tang from Columbia University revealed a novel antiviral mechanism of the DRT9 reverse transcriptase family, demonstrating its role in synthesizing poly-dA to combat infections, thus expanding the understanding of bacterial immune systems [2]. - The study by professors Bao Xiaojun and Zhu Haibo from Fuzhou University, along with Ye Mao from the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, discusses platinum migration in zeolites for stable propane dehydrogenation catalysts, contributing to advancements in catalytic processes [3]. Group 2: Cancer Research - The research led by Academician Zhang Zemin from Peking University and Chongqing Medical University introduces the concept of "Cross-tissue Cellular Modules" (CM) and develops a computational framework (CoVarNet) to identify these modules, providing insights into multicellular coordination in cancer progression [4]. Group 3: Environmental Studies - A study by Zhang Liangpei and colleagues discusses the reduction of radiative forcing due to increased land albedo in the early 21st century, emphasizing the impact of land surface changes on climate dynamics [6]. - Research by Zheng Bo and Zhao Yuanhong examines how air pollution affects global methane budget trends and variability, highlighting the interplay between environmental factors and greenhouse gas emissions [7]. Group 4: Semiconductor Research - The work by Professor Pei Jian from Peking University presents a method for light-triggered regionally controlled n-doping of organic semiconductors, which could enhance the performance of electronic devices [8]. Group 5: Quantum Physics - The research by Guo Yanliang discusses the observation of anyonization of bosons in a quantum gas, contributing to the understanding of quantum states and their applications [9]. Group 6: Behavioral Science - The study by Andrew Wang from Yale University reveals that gut-derived T cells act as a communication link to the brain, influencing behavior through the subfornical organ, thus bridging immunology and neuroscience [11]. Group 7: Seasonal Dynamics - Research by Professor Long Di from Tsinghua University highlights the global dominance of seasonality in shaping lake-surface extent dynamics, providing insights into ecological changes driven by seasonal variations [12]. Group 8: Magnetism - The study by Qian Song from MIT explores the electrical switching of a p-wave magnet, which could have implications for future magnetic materials and technologies [13].

Core Viewpoint - The study highlights the significant correlation between the virulence factor KpsM in Escherichia coli and the mortality rate of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease, suggesting that targeted inhibition of KpsM could be a promising approach to improve patient prognosis [2][3][9]. Group 1: Research Findings - The presence of KpsM in the genome of Escherichia coli is associated with higher mortality rates in patients suffering from alcohol-associated liver disease [3][7]. - KpsM-positive Escherichia coli exacerbates alcohol-induced liver disease in mouse models [5][7]. - KpsM mediates the transport of capsular polysaccharides to the cell surface, allowing KpsM-positive Escherichia coli to evade phagocytosis by Kupffer cells in the liver, leading to its spread [5][7]. Group 2: Therapeutic Implications - The small molecule C7, which inhibits KpsM-dependent capsular formation, has been shown to alleviate alcohol-induced liver disease in mice [6][7]. - The study provides evidence that precision targeting of the pathogenic factor KpsM is a promising method for improving the prognosis of patients with alcohol-associated liver disease [9].

编译丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 人们越来越认识到睡眠作为大脑健康的重要生理过程所具有的重要意义。在人的整个生命周期中，睡眠时长和模式的紊乱现象屡见不鲜，无论是在正常衰老还是 病理性衰老中都存在这种情况。 这些睡眠紊乱会增加认知缺陷和阿尔茨海默病的风险。全球脑健康理事会建议成年人每晚睡 7-8 小时以保持大脑健康。多项研究表明，相对于建议的睡眠时长， 睡眠过多或过少都与认知相关能力受损有关，包括记忆力、注意力以及管理、引导其他心理过程的能力 （例如规划、解决问题和控制冲动) 。 然而，这些研究证据因所考察的寿命阶段以及诸如抑郁等健康差异而存在不一致之处。抑郁是认知能力下降的一个可改变的风险因素，它常常与睡眠障碍同时出 现。睡眠障碍与抑郁之间的关联已得到充分证实，约 90% 的抑郁症患者都报告存在睡眠问题。 近日 ， 德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥健康科学中心的研究人员在 Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association 期刊发表了题为： Long sleep duration, cognitive performance, an ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a groundbreaking study published in Nature by a team led by Academician Zhang Zemin, focusing on the concept of "cross-tissue cellular modules" and their role in multicellular coordination within human tissues, particularly in the context of cancer progression [2][16]. Group 1: Research Background - The study integrates single-cell transcriptomic data from 706 healthy samples across 35 human tissues, creating the most comprehensive cross-tissue single-cell atlas to date, covering 2.29 million cells [8][16]. - The research identifies significant differences in cellular composition across various healthy tissues, revealing 12 distinct cross-tissue cellular modules (CMs) with unique cellular compositions and distributions [9][16]. Group 2: Cellular Modules and Their Functions - The identified cellular modules include CM04, CM05, CM06, and CM09, which are abundant in primary and secondary immune organs, indicating their roles in immune cell production and maturation [10][13]. - Other modules, such as CM02 and CM03, are primarily found in the urinary system and gastrointestinal tract, while CM08 is enriched in barrier tissues like skin and mucosal surfaces, suggesting their specific functional roles [10][11]. Group 3: Spatial Dynamics and Aging - The study employs spatial transcriptomics to illustrate how these cellular modules are spatially organized within tissues, highlighting their functional roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis [14][16]. - Notably, the immune cell modules CM05 and CM06 exhibit contrasting temporal dynamics with aging, where CM05 increases while CM06 decreases, indicating their potential as biomarkers for age-related changes [14][16]. Group 4: Implications for Cancer Research - The research extends to the tumor microenvironment (TME), analyzing single-cell transcriptomic data from 1,062 clinical samples across 29 cancer types, identifying 91 cell subpopulations [15][16]. - It reveals a dual remodeling of cellular modules during tumor progression, where healthy tissue-specific modules are lost, and cancer-associated modules emerge, providing insights into the fundamental organizational principles of multicellular ecosystems in health and disease [15][16].