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Nature重磅:刘如谦开发出通用基因编辑疗法,有望实现一种疗法,治疗千种遗传病
生物世界· 2025-11-21 04:09
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 全世界目前已发现了超过 8000 种遗传疾病,影响着数亿患者。其中,约 24% 的致病突变是" 无义突变 " (n onsense mutation ) ——这类突变指基因序列中 因突变产生了 提前终止密码子 (PTC) ,导致蛋白质合成的提前终止,细胞也就无法合成完整的功能性蛋白质。 传统的基因治疗方法,需要为每种基因突变设计独特的治疗策略,这就像为每把锁打造不同的钥匙,开发成本高、周期长。科学家们一直在寻找更通用的解决方 案,而"抑制性 tRNA" ( suppressor tRNA,简称为 sup-tRNA ) 技术正是这样一个有前景的方向。 2025 年 11 月 19 日,碱基编辑和先导编辑发明人、 Broad 研究所 刘如谦 教授在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为: Prime editing-installed suppressor tRNAs for disease-agnostic genome editing 的研究论文。 该研究将 先导编辑 (Prime Editing) 技术与 抑制性 tRNA ( suppressor tRNA ) ...
南京大学发表最新Science论文
生物世界· 2025-11-21 04:09
Core Viewpoint - The research published in Science reveals a novel Aeromonas variant (MTB) that produces aerolysin, which damages intestinal macrophage barriers and drives the occurrence of ulcerative colitis (UC), providing new insights into the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for UC [4][9]. Group 1: Mechanism of Ulcerative Colitis - Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial disease involving immune dysregulation, genetic susceptibility, abnormal inflammatory responses to gut microbiota, and environmental factors [3]. - The study identifies that the function of resident macrophages in the intestines of UC patients is impaired, leading to compromised epithelial integrity [6]. - The depletion of macrophages occurs prior to the onset of visible inflammation, suggesting a critical role of these cells in maintaining gut health [6]. Group 2: Discovery of Aeromonas sp. MTB - The research team discovered a macrophage-toxic variant of Aeromonas, named Aeromonas sp. MTB, which expresses the virulence factor aerolysin [7]. - Macrophages exhibit higher sensitivity to cell death induced by aerolysin compared to epithelial cells, leading to barrier dysfunction without directly damaging epithelial cells [7]. - The presence of MTB in UC patients' fecal samples was significantly higher compared to healthy controls, indicating its potential role in UC pathogenesis [9]. Group 3: Experimental Findings - In mouse models, the presence of MTB exacerbates colitis symptoms, resembling UC, particularly in conditions of chemical or genetic macrophage depletion [8]. - Treatment with polyclonal anti-aerolysin antibodies can prevent MTB-induced colitis, while monoclonal antibodies can improve established colitis [8]. - The study emphasizes the microbial mechanisms promoting UC and suggests targeting bacterial virulence factors as a novel therapeutic strategy [9].
2025年中国科学院院士增选名单公布,邓宏魁/房静远/胡海岚等人当选
生物世界· 2025-11-21 01:33
关于公布2025年中国科学院院士增选当选院士名单的公告 根据《中国科学院院士章程》《中国科学院院士增选工作实施办法(试行)》《中国科学院外籍院士选举办法》等规 定,2025 年中国科学院选举产生了 73 名中国科学院院士和 27 名中国科学院外籍院士。 现予公布。 中国科学院 2025年11月21日 | 序号 | 姓名 | 年龄 | 工作单位 | 研究方向 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | 戴或虹 | રે રે | 中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院 | 运筹学 | | 2 | 戴子高 | 60 | 中国科学技术大学 | 高能天体物理 | | 3 | 梁作堂 | 60 | 山东大学 | 粒子物理与原子核物理 理论 | | 4 | 刘建亚 | 60 | 山东大学 | 数论 | | | V .. I -4-4- 1 = 1 | | 11 -- 1 . 337 | stel. . VA | | 5 | 刘右川 | 44 | 北京大字 | 蚁论 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 6 | 刘正猷 | રતે | 武汉大学 | 人工结构物理 ...
2025年中国工程院院士增选名单公布
生物世界· 2025-11-21 01:33
| 序号 | 姓名 | 出生年月 | 工作单位 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | 陈新 | 1960年2月 | 广东工业大学 | | 2 | 陈勇 | 1967年8月 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | | ਤੇ | 冯江华 | 1964年11月 | 中车株洲电力机车研究所有限公司 | | 4 | 高仕斌 | 1964年11月 | 西南交通大学 | | ર્ટ | 黄维娜(女) | 1968年10月 | 中国航发贵阳发动机设计研究所 | | ୧ | 康玉波 | 1964年4月 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | | 7 | 齐润东 | 1962年10月 | 中国航天科工集团第二研究院 | | 8 | 王永庆 | 1965年2月 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 | | | 王增全 | 1962年2月 | 中国兵器工业集团第七〇研究所 | | 10 | 苑世剑 | 1963年1月 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | | 11 | 张锦岚 | 1963年12月 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一九研究所 | | | | 关于公布中国工程院2025年院士增选当选院士名单的公告 中国工程院2025年 ...
北京大学最新Cell论文:开发出阿尔茨海默病新疗法
生物世界· 2025-11-21 00:08
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 学习 通常指知识的获取, 记忆 则是保留信息的能力,这两项是人类大脑的基本功能,受特定脑区神经递质/神经肽信号的调控。这些神经递质/神经肽的耗竭或 其受体表达的减少,尤其是在老年人中,可能会导致记忆障碍。 胆囊收缩素 (CCK) 是大脑中含量最丰富的神经肽之一,分布于新皮质、杏仁核、丘脑、海马体和内嗅皮质 (EC) 。CCK 参与神经递质传递,并调控许多大 脑功能,如情绪、学习和记忆、焦虑以及恐惧。重要的是,内嗅皮层是富含 CCK 的大脑区域,它充当海马体与新皮质之间信息传递的中介。 CCK 通过与 B 型 胆囊收缩素受体 (CCKBR) 的特异性结合发挥核心作用, 这一作用不仅对长时程增强 (LTP) 至关重要, 并对于声音 - 声音联想记忆也很重要,这是学习和 记忆的一个重要方面。 然而,大脑中有多种 CCK 亚型,它们能够激活多种 G 蛋白亚型信号,包括但不限于 Gs、Gq 和 Gi,其中 硫酸化 CCK8 (CCK8s) 最为丰富。此前的研究显 示,外源性 CCK8s 能够显著改善老年大鼠的空间学习记忆能力,这提示了 调控 CCK 信号通路 有治疗阿尔茨海默病的 ...
STTT:黄荷凤院士团队发现多囊卵巢综合征治疗新靶点
生物世界· 2025-11-20 10:18
Core Viewpoint - The study identifies pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) as a transcriptional regulator contributing to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target [4][7]. Group 1: Research Findings - The research team discovered that elevated lactylation levels of histone H3 at lysine 9/18 (H3K9/K18) are associated with PKM2 and genomic binding, altering the three-dimensional structure of the genome [4]. - In mice, ectopic expression of Pkm2 in follicular granulosa cells consistently exhibited PCOS-like characteristics, such as disrupted estrous cycles and hyperandrogenism [5]. - Pharmacological inhibition of PKM2 aggregation in the nucleus alleviated PCOS-like symptoms in mice and restored the transcriptome to wild-type levels [5]. Group 2: Implications - The study emphasizes the significant role of PKM2-mediated histone lactylation in regulating three-dimensional chromatin structure, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for PCOS [7].
Nature Aging:刘光慧/王思等开发基因疗法,缓解前列腺衰老
生物世界· 2025-11-20 10:18
编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 随着全球人口老龄化加速,年龄相关的 前列腺 健康问题日益成为突出的公共卫生挑战。作为男性生殖系统的关键器 官,前列腺衰老不仅会引起前列腺液成分改变、影响精子活力,还会因组织增生导致尿道机械性梗阻及下尿路功能障 碍,严重损害中老年男性的生活质量。此外,生理性衰老伴随的功能退化也与良性前列腺增生及前列腺癌等高发疾病密 切相关。 尽管前列腺衰老具有重要临床意义,但由于长期缺乏理想的动物模型与系统性研究策略,科学界对其核心机制的认识仍 较为有限,这也制约了有效干预手段的开发。 2025 年 11 月 20 日,中国科学院动物研究所 刘光慧 研究员、首都医科大学宣武医院 王思 研究员、中国科学院动物 研究所 曲静 研究员与中国科学院北京基因组研究所 张维绮 研究员合作,在 Nature Aging 期刊发表了题为: Reprogramming the GRHL2-CDK19 axis by gene therapy alleviates prostate aging 的研究论文。 该研究系统解析了灵长类 前列腺衰老 的关键细胞与分子调控网络,首次揭示基底上皮细胞中 GRHL2-CDK19 分 ...
华人学者一天发表了12篇Nature论文
生物世界· 2025-11-20 08:08
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 11 月 19 日, 国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上线了 18 篇论文,其中, 12 篇来自华人学者 (包括作为通讯作者和第一作者的论文) 。 11 月 19 日, 马克斯·普朗克煤炭研究所 Zhu Chendan 作为第一作者,在 Nature 期刊发表了题为: The Asymmetric Synthesis of an Acyclic N - Stereogenic Amine ( 不对称合成一种无环 N -手性胺 ) 的研究论文 【1】 。 11 月 19 日,Broad 研究所 刘如谦 教授作为通讯作者,在 Nature 期刊发表了题为: Prime editing-installed suppressor tRNAs for disease-agnostic genome editing ( 先导编辑集成的抑制型tRNA用于 广谱疾病基因组编辑 ) 的研究论文 【2】 。 11 月 19 日,慕尼黑大学 Niu Shuangshuang 作为共同第一作者,在 Nature 期刊发表了题为: ZAK activation at the collided r ...
铜死亡,首次登上Cell期刊:诱发铜死亡,治疗白血病
生物世界· 2025-11-20 04:06
Core Viewpoint - The research identifies a novel copper-dependent cell death mechanism named Cuprotosis, which is triggered by the accumulation of copper ions and is linked to the inhibition of heme biosynthesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, presenting a potential therapeutic target in AML treatment [2][4][12]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published by Todd Golub's team reveals that Cuprotosis is a distinct form of cell death, different from apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, involving the interaction of copper ions with mitochondrial proteins [2][8]. - Inhibition of heme biosynthesis leads to copper accumulation in AML cells, activating Cuprotosis and indicating that heme biosynthesis enzyme (HBE) is a promising drug target for AML [4][10]. - The research demonstrates that heme depletion triggers mitochondrial complex IV collapse, resulting in copper accumulation and subsequent Cuprotosis [10][12]. Group 2: Implications for AML Treatment - The findings suggest that targeting HBE could enhance the effectiveness of AML therapies by inducing Cuprotosis, addressing the urgent need for new treatment strategies due to common resistance and relapse in existing therapies [6][12]. - The study highlights the metabolic reprogramming in AML as a key feature, providing a basis for developing therapies that target metabolic pathways, including heme biosynthesis [6][9]. - The research indicates that the relationship between heme levels and leukemia transcription programs could be exploited for therapeutic interventions, offering new avenues for AML treatment [10][12].
南京大学最新Nature Chemistry论文:AI从头设计超稳定蛋白
生物世界· 2025-11-20 04:06
Core Insights - The article discusses the significance of hydrogen bonds in stabilizing protein structures, particularly in β-sheet layers, which allow proteins to withstand mechanical and environmental stress [3][6] - A research team led by Professor Zheng Peng from Nanjing University has developed a new computational design method for superstable proteins, utilizing AI, molecular dynamics simulations, and single-molecule force spectroscopy [4][10] Group 1: Research Findings - The research successfully designed a protein named "SuperMyo" that exhibits mechanical properties significantly superior to natural proteins, with a mechanical unfolding force exceeding 1000 piconewtons, which is over five times that of natural immunoglobulin domains [8] - The number of backbone hydrogen bonds in the designed proteins was increased from 4 to 33, maximizing the hydrogen bonding network and enabling tailored mechanical performance [6][8] - "SuperMyo" also demonstrates exceptional thermal stability, with a melting temperature exceeding 100°C, maintaining structural integrity even at extreme temperatures of 150°C [8] Group 2: Implications and Applications - The molecular-level stability of "SuperMyo" translates into macro properties, as hydrogels made from this protein can retain their structure and gel state after high-pressure sterilization at 121°C, unlike traditional protein hydrogels that denature under such conditions [8] - This research presents a scalable and efficient computational design strategy for creating robust proteins, providing a general method for rationally designing proteins that can withstand extreme environments [10]