Core Viewpoint - The latest research on perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells has achieved a power conversion efficiency exceeding 34%, while addressing stability issues related to thermal degradation of the hole-selective contact layer [2][4][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study identifies that the primary performance loss in advanced tandem architectures is due to the degradation of the fill factor, particularly from the thermal degradation of the hole-selective molecular contact layer [4]. - Traditional monomer contact layers experience a sixfold increase in resistance under high-temperature conditions due to thermally induced structural disorder [4]. - The research team developed an in-situ cross-linked molecular contact layer based on Schiff base to stabilize the interface structure, resulting in a certified efficiency of 33.61% for the solar cells [5]. Group 2: Performance Metrics - A 1 cm² perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell achieved a power conversion efficiency of over 34% [5]. - After approximately 1200 hours of maximum power point operation at 65°C under AM1.5G standard illumination, three independent devices maintained 96.2 ± 1.7% of their initial performance [5].

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant achievements of Professor Hu Hailan, who was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, emphasizing her contributions to neuroscience and depression research [3]. Research Contributions - Professor Hu's team has published nine representative research papers in prestigious journals, including two in Cell, three in Nature, and four in Science, focusing on depression and social competition [4]. Depression Research - A study published in Science in 2013 identified that the expression of βCaMKII in the lateral habenula (LHb) is significantly upregulated in depression models and downregulated by antidepressants, indicating its role as a key regulator of LHb neuron function and a critical factor in depression [5][7]. - In 2018, two papers in Nature revealed that ketamine can block bursting in the LHb, providing rapid relief from depression, and identified T-type calcium channels as a novel antidepressant target [8][11]. - A 2023 Nature paper further explained the sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine through NMDAR trapping in the LHb, which prevents rapid metabolism and maintains its therapeutic effects [13][16]. - Another study in 2024 explored neuron-astrocyte coupling in the LHb, revealing a dynamic interaction mechanism that contributes to depressive-like behaviors [21][22]. Social Competition Research - A 2011 study in Science demonstrated that social hierarchy in mice is stable and can be influenced by synaptic efficacy in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), suggesting that social status can be modulated through changes in synaptic strength [24][25]. - In 2017, research identified a neural circuit mediating the "winner effect," which facilitates future victories based on past experiences, providing insights into the formation and stability of social hierarchies [27]. - A 2023 study in Cell uncovered the neurological mechanisms linking social status loss to depression, showing that decreased social status triggers negative reward prediction errors, activating the LHb and inducing depressive behaviors [29].

排版丨水成文 细胞分裂是生命活动的基础生理过程，其核心任务是将 复制后的遗传物质准确分配给子代细胞。姐妹染色单体粘连 （ s i ster chromatid cohesion ） 由 粘连蛋 白 （ cohesin ） 复合物介导，是染色体准确分离的重要基础 。粘连的 建立 、 维持和及时移除过程 若 异常 ，将 会导致基因组不稳定性， 并 与癌症、生殖障 碍等疾病的发生发展密切相关。在细胞分裂 的 S 期，染色体粘连在 DNA 复制过程中建立；在分裂前期，染色体臂端粘连被 Pds5-Wapl 复合物移除。 进入 分 裂后期 时 ， 被 激活的 分离酶 （ separase ，一种半 胱氨酸蛋白酶） 通过特异性切割 cohesin 的 SCC1/RAD21 亚基触发染色体的分离。由于分离酶 是启动 染色体分离 的唯一蛋白酶 ，其活性受到 多层次 严格调控。 主要包括三个层面： 1 ）在 细胞分裂后期之前，分离酶活性被抑制因子 securin 和 CDK1-cyclin B 激酶 的 抑制 （详见： Nature：余俊等解析细胞分裂时染色体稳健分离的分子机制 ）； 2 ）在向分裂后期过渡时，抑制因子被 APC ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 在 糖尿病 治疗领域，每天多次的 胰岛素 注射是无数患者的日常。这不仅带来身体上的疼痛、带来低血糖风险，更造成心理负担， 长期困扰着糖尿病临床治疗与 患者的生活质量。 能否有一种方法，让胰岛素像护肤品一样通过皮肤轻松进入体内发挥作用？ 近日， 浙江大学 化学工程与生物工程 学院 申有青 院士、浙江大学生命科学学院 周如鸿 教授、英国帝国理工学院 陈荣军 教授、浙江大学化学工程与生物工程 学院 相佳佳研究员作为共同通讯作者 （ 韦秋雨 、 何至 、 李梓凡 、 周珠贤 为共同第一作者 ） ， 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为： A skin- permeable polymer for non-invasive transdermal insulin delivery 的研究论文。 该研究首次报道了一种 皮肤渗透性高分子 ——聚[2-(N-氧化物-N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯] （简称为 OP ） ，成功实现了 胰岛素的无创透皮给药 ，其 与胰岛素的键合物 OP-I 在糖尿病动物模型中，只需 简单涂抹，即可透皮进入血液， 表现出与皮下注射胰岛素相当的 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the complex process of aging and the importance of finding effective strategies to combat age-related changes, which could improve overall health and extend healthy lifespan [2] - Various promising strategies have been identified, including mTOR inhibitors, senolytics, NAD enhancers, taurine supplements, intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, and cellular reprogramming [2] - An ideal anti-aging method should involve drug-based approaches, have good safety profiles, be applicable to various age-related diseases, and exhibit potential synergistic effects with other treatment targets [2] Summary by Sections - The need for practical methods to combat aging and related degenerative diseases is emphasized, highlighting the role of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and its receptor (GLP-1R) in insulin release and metabolic regulation [5] - GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have shown significant efficacy in treating diabetes and obesity, with additional benefits in cardiovascular health, cognitive decline, and certain cancers [6] - Recent research indicates that GLP-1RAs can induce broad anti-aging effects in aged male mice, with significant improvements observed after 30 weeks of treatment starting at 11 months of age [6][10] - The study found that the anti-aging effects of GLP-1RAs are dependent on GLP-1R in the hypothalamus, suggesting a brain-body axis regulating aging [7][10] - The multi-omic effects of GLP-1RA treatment were found to be significantly similar to those of mTOR inhibitors, indicating a potential new avenue for anti-aging therapies [7][10]

Core Viewpoint - The rapid growth of the weight loss drug market has propelled Eli Lilly to become the first pharmaceutical company with a market capitalization exceeding $1 trillion, joining the trillion-dollar club primarily composed of technology companies [1][3]. Group 1: Market Performance - Eli Lilly's stock price reached $1061.17, resulting in a market capitalization surpassing $1 trillion, while the second-highest pharmaceutical company, Johnson & Johnson, has a market cap of $470 billion, and Novo Nordisk, the developer of the popular weight loss drug semaglutide, has a market cap of $210 billion [3]. - In the first three quarters of this year, global sales of tirzepatide reached $24.837 billion, narrowing the gap with Novo Nordisk's semaglutide sales of $25.462 billion, indicating a strong potential for tirzepatide to claim the title of the top-selling drug this year [6]. Group 2: Product Development and Clinical Research - Tirzepatide, a new generation weight loss drug targeting GLP-1R and GIPR, has shown superior weight loss effects compared to semaglutide in head-to-head clinical trials, making it the most potent approved weight loss drug [3][6]. - GLP-1 class drugs are transforming the weight loss market, with multiple clinical studies confirming additional health benefits beyond weight loss and blood sugar control, such as preventing heart attacks, alleviating sleep apnea, treating fatty liver, and even potential anti-aging effects [6]. Group 3: Strategic Agreements and Future Outlook - Eli Lilly has recently reached an agreement with the U.S. government to lower the price of tirzepatide for certain patients, aiming to boost sales volume [6]. - Investors are optimistic about Eli Lilly's ongoing sales growth of its cancer drug Verzenio, projected to reach $5.3 billion in 2024, and its psoriasis treatment Taltz, expected to achieve $3.2 billion in 2024, as well as the company's research potential in other areas such as Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases [6]. Group 4: Company Transformation - Eli Lilly has undergone a significant transformation over the past decade, moving from a period of pressure on sales and profits due to patent expirations of older drugs to successfully reforming its R&D mechanisms and accelerating drug development processes [7].

编辑丨王多鱼 合子前的种间不亲和性，阻碍物种间杂交，限制了利用野生近缘种改良作物的杂交策略。白菜型油菜的雌性自交不亲和 决定因子——S位点受体激酶(SRK)可识别种间花粉。 2023 年， 段巧红 团队在 Nature 期刊发表论文，发现白菜等十字花科植物中，雌蕊柱头上识别自花花粉的 SRK 受体 也用于识别远缘花粉，启动柱头的防御机制——升高柱头活性氧，抑制远缘花粉的生长。然而，其中触发警报的"远缘 花粉信号"究竟是什么，仍是未解之谜。 2025 年 11 月 20 日，山东农业大学 段巧红 教授团队联合美国麻省大学 Alice Y. Cheung 教授团队合作 （ 曹芸运 、 崔晓爽 、 杨印庆 为共同第一作者） ，在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 发表了题为： Pan-family pollen signals control an interspecific stigma barrier across Brassicaceae species 的研究论文。 该研究成功鉴定出触发十字花科植物远缘生殖隔离的关键花粉信号分子—— SIPS ，解析了远缘花粉与雌蕊柱头的识别 机制，并基于此开发出高效的远缘育 ...

Core Insights - Xu Ruihua, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Prevention and Treatment Center, was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering for his work in developing immunotherapy and understanding gastrointestinal cancers [2][4] - Xu was also featured in Cell Press's "50 Scientists that Inspire" series, highlighting his contributions to cancer research and personalized treatment [2][4] Group 1: Scientific Innovation - Scientific innovation is a multi-dimensional process that involves not only the discovery of new knowledge but also the application of this knowledge to solve real-world problems [5][6] - Key dimensions of scientific innovation include meeting clinical needs, advancing scientific frontiers, and promoting interdisciplinary collaboration [6] - The future of cancer treatment is moving towards precision, personalization, and intelligence, emphasizing the importance of understanding molecular characteristics and biological mechanisms of tumors [6][9] Group 2: Personal Motivation and Challenges - Xu's initial motivation to become a scientist was to save lives, which was reinforced by his clinical experiences and the challenges faced by cancer patients [7][8] - The high incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal cancers in China, with 2 million new cases annually, drive Xu's commitment to finding effective treatments [7][8] Group 3: Research Achievements - A significant discovery was made regarding the benefit of immunotherapy for patients with MSI-H/dMMR advanced colorectal cancer, leading to a new treatment method combining HDAC inhibitors, immunotherapy, and anti-angiogenic drugs [8][9] - This research represents a clinical milestone and has the potential to redefine treatment models for advanced colorectal cancer [9] Group 4: Future Outlook - In the next 50 years, precision medicine is expected to dominate cancer treatment, with the integration of big data and artificial intelligence [12] - Immunotherapy will be applied to more cancer types, and liquid biopsy technology will mature, facilitating early detection and monitoring of cancer [12] - A multidisciplinary approach to cancer treatment will become standard, promoting global health through international collaboration [12]

Core Insights - Hu Hailan, a professor at Zhejiang University, was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in the life sciences and medicine division, recognized for her work in understanding emotions, social behavior, and mental disorders from a molecular genetics perspective [2][4] - Hu Hailan was also featured in Cell Press's "50 Scientists that Inspire" series, celebrating her contributions to science and encouraging aspiring scientists to embrace new challenges for personal and professional growth [2][4] Group 1: Achievements and Recognition - Hu Hailan has received numerous awards, including the 12th IBRO-Kemali International Prize and the World Outstanding Woman Scientist Award, highlighting her significant contributions to neuroscience [4] - The "50 Scientists that Inspire" series by Cell Press aims to provide insights into the lives and hopes of influential scientists, with 14 of the featured scientists being of Chinese descent [2][4] Group 2: Research Focus - Hu Hailan's laboratory primarily investigates the molecular and neural circuit mechanisms underlying social behavior and mental disorders, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in scientific research [4][10] - Current research interests include the mechanisms of rapid-acting psychiatric drugs, which offer unique opportunities to study the fundamental brain mechanisms of mental disorders [10] Group 3: Personal Insights and Advice - Hu Hailan encourages aspiring scientists to explore various disciplines early in their careers, as diverse experiences can lead to creativity and innovation in scientific exploration [11][12] - She emphasizes the importance of balancing research work with administrative responsibilities, advocating for open communication and collaboration within teams [9] Group 4: Future Perspectives - Looking ahead, Hu Hailan envisions a transformative era in neuroscience and medicine, similar to advancements seen in cancer treatment, with the potential for effective treatments for debilitating brain diseases [13]

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the critical role of microorganisms in sustainable development and highlights the urgent need for their recognition in global environmental policies [5][6]. Group 1: Importance of Microorganisms - Microorganisms, despite constituting only about 10% of the Earth's total biomass, play an indispensable role in biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, food security, water sanitation, and human health [5]. - The lack of direct representation of microorganisms in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and multilateral treaties indicates a significant oversight that needs to be addressed [5]. Group 2: Environmental Challenges - Global warming accelerates soil microbial mineralization of organic carbon, releasing greenhouse gases that exacerbate climate change and increase the risk of vector-borne diseases, threatening human health [5]. Group 3: Upcoming Event - A Cell Press Live event will gather top researchers in China to discuss the urgent challenges and cutting-edge scientific solutions regarding microorganisms in various ecosystems [6][8]. Group 4: Featured Research Presentations - Research presentations will cover topics such as microbial adaptation strategies in extreme environments, the role of volatile compounds in soil immunity, and methane emission mechanisms in mangrove wetlands [14][18][22]. Group 5: Researcher Profiles - Notable researchers include Xiao Xiang from Shanghai Jiao Tong University, who has pioneered deep-sea microbial research, and Hu Lingfei from Zhejiang University, focusing on soil-root interactions in dense planting systems [12][16][20].