近日，蒙草生态参与完成的科研项目"黄土丘陵沟壑区'三北'工程建设理论与林草植被配置技术"获内蒙古科学技术进步 奖二等奖，该项目由内蒙古农业大学、水利部牧区水利科学研究所、内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院、内蒙古自治区林 业和草原工作总站等单位共同完成，为黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤干化、植被生存困难等生态难题的破解提供了新路径。 在"三北"工程攻坚战中，黄土丘陵沟壑区是一个难啃的"硬骨头"，它主要分布在"几字弯"片区，每年将大量泥沙流入黄 河，有"泥龙头"之称，是阻击水土流失的主战场之一。 这种地形往往林水矛盾突出、土壤干化严重，治理起来十分困难。 为了提高困难立地条件下适生草种、树种的存活率，研究团队还研发出生物菌剂、微生物肥料等新型材料，为当地植 被恢复提供了关键物质支撑，并形成衰退灌木防护林平茬复壮技术、低质低效防护林提质增效技术以及水土保持林营 造对位配置技术体系，解决了"该怎么种"的问题。 小流域林果水草田果复合经营模式 创建的黄土丘陵沟壑区林果草牧融合模式，已在鄂尔多斯和呼和浩特推广应用102.76万亩，为"三北"工程建设提供了重 要科技支撑。 怎么才能破解治理难题，保障治理成效长期、可持续？ 关键在于草种选择和 ...

Core Viewpoint - The case highlights the complexities surrounding land use rights, government policies, and the need for a thorough investigation to resolve the conflicting interests of the landholder and the government [1][2][3] Group 1: Background and Context - Wang Guiju, a farmer from Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, planted tens of thousands of poplar trees 23 years ago, but is now unable to harvest them due to the land being designated as a natural protection zone [1] - The local forestry department stated that the land does not qualify for reforestation subsidies, as it is not part of the "Returning Farmland to Forest" program [1] - A contract signed in 2002 between Wang and the local village committee allowed for harvesting upon maturity, but current regulations prevent this due to the land's new classification [1] Group 2: Legal and Policy Implications - The contract included a clause for compensation in case of policy changes affecting land use, indicating an awareness of potential future legal adjustments [2] - There is a discrepancy regarding the classification of the land, as the contract refers to "Returning Farmland to Forest," while the forestry bureau claims this program started in 2003, suggesting a need for historical clarification [2] - The situation reflects the challenges of aligning historical contracts with evolving government policies, particularly during the initiation of the "Returning Farmland to Forest" program [2] Group 3: Proposed Solutions - The local government has indicated it is "researching and coordinating" the issue, which is seen as a positive sign [3] - A suggestion has been made to form a joint investigation team to clarify the historical contract and policy execution, leading to a comprehensive and reasonable resolution [3]

Core Viewpoint - The development of forestry and grassland industries is essential for achieving high-quality ecological progress in the construction of a beautiful China, as emphasized in the 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session and the "Suggestions" for the 15th Five-Year Plan [1][12]. Group 1: Strategic Importance - The construction of a beautiful China requires significant advancements in ecological civilization, with a focus on expanding the forestry and grassland industries and integrating the protection and governance of natural resources [1][4]. - Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought serves as a guiding principle for the high-quality development of forestry and grassland sectors, highlighting the interdependence of ecological health and economic prosperity [2][3]. Group 2: Achievements and Goals - The "Three North" project has achieved significant milestones, with 164 million acres of afforestation completed, contributing to a forest coverage rate exceeding 25% and accounting for about 25% of global greening efforts [7][13]. - The national forestry and grassland industry is projected to reach a total output value of 10.17 trillion yuan in 2024, with a year-on-year growth of 9.6%, indicating robust growth in this sector [10]. Group 3: Systematic Governance - A comprehensive approach to managing natural resources is necessary, emphasizing the interconnectedness of various ecological elements and the need for integrated governance across different landscapes [4][8]. - The establishment of a natural protection area system, primarily based on national parks, is underway, with over 18% of land area designated for various types of natural reserves [8][14]. Group 4: Policy and Reform - Continuous reforms in collective forest rights are being implemented, resulting in a threefold increase in output per acre of collective forest land compared to pre-reform levels [9]. - The focus on enhancing the quality and stability of ecosystems through sustainable practices is crucial for the long-term success of the forestry and grassland industries [5][6]. Group 5: Disaster Prevention and Management - Strengthening disaster prevention and control measures for forest and grassland resources is essential, with a focus on fire prevention and pest management to protect these vital ecosystems [11][17]. - The establishment of comprehensive systems for monitoring and responding to ecological threats is being prioritized to ensure the resilience of forestry and grassland resources [11][17].

Core Insights - The "Three-North" project has been recognized for its significant contributions to ecological protection and sustainable development in northern China, receiving the "Global Technical Achievement in Forestry Award" from the FAO [1][2] - The project has completed afforestation over 31.74 million hectares and has improved forest coverage from 5.05% to 13.84%, significantly enhancing agricultural productivity [2][5] - The Chinese government has elevated the "Three-North" project to a national strategic level, aiming to strengthen ecological safety and promote sustainable practices over the next decade [5] Summary by Sections Project Overview - The "Three-North" project, initiated in 1978, is a large-scale afforestation initiative in the northwestern, northern, and northeastern regions of China, serving as a key symbol of ecological civilization [2] - The project has successfully restored over 33.33 million hectares of desertified land and 44.67 million hectares of eroded land, contributing to food security and poverty alleviation [2] Recent Achievements - The project has been awarded by the FAO for its outstanding contributions to agricultural production and food security, standing out among 343 global applications [1][2] - The project has led to a nearly 50% increase in grain yield within the project area [2] Future Plans - The Chinese government plans to launch a major offensive for the "Three-North" project over the next ten years, focusing on ecological restoration and sustainable development [5] - The project will be executed in phases, with specific battles targeting key areas such as the Yellow River and the Taklamakan Desert [5]

Economic Overview - The overall economic operation in China is stable despite external pressures, supported by macro policies [2] - Key sectors such as manufacturing and services show positive growth, with significant increases in high-tech manufacturing and service production indices [2] - Industrial profits have improved, with a turnaround from a 1.7% decline to a 0.9% growth in profits for large industrial enterprises from January to August [2] Demand and Supply Dynamics - Policy effectiveness is evident, showcasing resilience and capacity to withstand pressure, with a 20% year-on-year increase in retail sales of new energy vehicles and a 5.1% growth in service retail [2] - Manufacturing investment has also risen by 5.1%, while total goods import and export value increased by 3.5% in August, with exports to Belt and Road countries growing by 12.8% [2] Risks and Challenges - The current economic operation faces several risks and challenges, with a complex external environment that requires further consolidation of the recovery foundation [3] - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) plans to implement macro policies effectively and enhance economic monitoring and forecasting [3] "Three North" Project - The "Three North" project is the largest and longest ecological restoration project globally, having created 480 million acres of forest over 40 years [4] - The project requires sustained efforts and updated approaches to meet new standards for integrated ecological protection and management [4] - Future plans include establishing a stable funding mechanism and enhancing ecological product value realization [4] Artificial Intelligence Development - The government aims for over 70% application penetration of new intelligent terminals and intelligent agents by 2027 as part of the "Artificial Intelligence+" initiative [5] - The NDRC will promote the application of intelligent terminals through a clear policy environment, collaborative innovation, and market expansion [5][6] - Focus areas include education, healthcare, elderly care, and transportation, with support for pilot demonstrations and innovative consumer subsidy methods [6]

Core Points - The China Green Foundation has mobilized hundreds of millions of people for land greening over the past 40 years, raising over 5 billion yuan in ecological public welfare funds and planting more than 1.5 billion trees [1][2] - The foundation has implemented over 3,000 key ecological projects, including windbreaks, urban greening, grassland restoration, wetland protection, water source conservation, forest quality improvement, and biodiversity protection, covering an ecological restoration area of 7 million acres [1] - The foundation emphasizes the importance of aligning with national policies and enhancing public participation in green initiatives through an integrated online and offline action system [1] Recommendations and Future Directions - The National Forestry and Grassland Administration suggests that the China Green Foundation should optimize resources, standardize project management, and enhance support for the "Three-North" project to contribute more to ecological efforts [2] - The foundation aims to focus on key areas such as the "Three-North" project, biodiversity protection, and international cooperation, while strengthening its role as an ecological charity platform [1][2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significant achievements in ecological restoration and renewable energy generation in the Kubuqi Desert, showcasing the successful integration of photovoltaic technology in combating desertification and promoting economic development [1][4][9]. Group 1: Kubuqi Desert Restoration - The Kubuqi Desert, once known as a "death sea," has seen a transformation with a governance rate of 40% and vegetation coverage increasing to 53% from less than 3% in the 1980s [7]. - The area has implemented a multi-faceted approach to desertification, including the construction of a "photovoltaic wall" that combines solar energy generation with ecological restoration [2][4]. - The Kubuqi model has been recognized as one of the best practices in Northeast Asia for desert management and has been adopted in other regions and countries [8][9]. Group 2: Economic Impact - The photovoltaic projects in the Kubuqi Desert have a total installed capacity of 5.23 million kilowatts, with plans to reach 19 million kilowatts by the end of 2030, effectively managing 550,000 acres of desert [4][8]. - The annual output value of the renewable energy projects has surpassed 5 billion yuan, significantly contributing to local economic growth and providing employment for over 10,000 farmers [4][8]. - The innovative "photovoltaic + ecological + agricultural" model allows for sustainable income generation, with each square kilometer of desert yielding over 100,000 yuan annually [7][8]. Group 3: Technological Advancements - Advanced technologies such as drones and robotic planting are being utilized to enhance the efficiency of desert restoration efforts, increasing productivity by three times [8]. - The integration of scientific methods in desertification control has been pivotal, with the Kubuqi model serving as a reference for global desert management strategies [8][9]. - The success of the Kubuqi model has led to its inclusion in the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification as a typical case, promoting its replication in other regions [8][9].

Core Viewpoint - The "Three-North" project aims to combat desertification and enhance ecological security in northern China, with significant progress made in the past two years, including the implementation of 415 projects covering 1.64 million acres, marking the most substantial investment and completion in the project's history [6][7][8]. Group 1: Project Implementation and Achievements - The "Three-North" project has completed 415 projects and achieved a construction task of 1.64 million acres in the last two years [6]. - This period is noted for the highest investment and completion rates in the history of the "Three-North" project [6]. - The project focuses on ecological restoration, particularly through the cultivation of drought-resistant tree species like Populus euphratica (Hu Yang) [7][8]. Group 2: Research and Development - The research team led by Professor Li Zhijun has developed successful techniques for the cultivation and transplantation of Hu Yang seedlings, achieving a survival rate of over 99% [9]. - The team has collected over 4,000 samples of Hu Yang genetic resources and established a database for conservation and research purposes [8][9]. - Advanced techniques in seedling management have reduced the time for Hu Yang seedlings to grow to transplantable size from 2-3 years to just 4 months [9]. Group 3: Local Initiatives and Innovations - In Inner Mongolia, the "deep planting and shallow burying" technique has increased seedling survival rates from 50% to 90%, while also reducing water usage by over 50% [11][12]. - The integration of economic tree species like Larix gmelinii and Pinus sylvestris has been explored to enhance both ecological and economic benefits in desertified areas [12]. - The transformation of barren land into productive orchards, as demonstrated by Zhang Binggui in Shaanxi, showcases the potential for agricultural development in previously unproductive areas [16][18].

Economic Overview - The overall economic operation in China is stable despite external pressures, supported by macro policies and high-quality development efforts [2] - Key sectors such as manufacturing and services are showing positive growth, with significant increases in high-tech manufacturing and service production indices [2] - In August, the value added of major equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing grew by 8.1% and 9.3% year-on-year, respectively, outpacing overall industrial growth [2] Demand Side Analysis - Consumption remains resilient, with retail sales of new energy vehicles increasing over 20% year-on-year in the first eight months [3] - Manufacturing investment grew by 5.1% in the same period, with notable increases in information services and aerospace sectors [3] - Foreign trade showed a 3.5% year-on-year increase in August, with exports to Belt and Road countries rising by 12.8% [3] Artificial Intelligence Initiatives - The government aims for over 70% application penetration of new intelligent terminals and agents by 2027 as part of the "Artificial Intelligence+" initiative [4] - The initiative emphasizes the role of private enterprises in AI development, with significant growth in new AI software companies established [4] - Measures to support private enterprises include promoting innovative operational models for computing power and providing financial incentives for AI research and development [4] "Three North" Project Development - The "Three North" project is the largest ecological restoration initiative globally, with a construction period exceeding 70 years [6] - The new overall plan for the project includes a comprehensive revision based on past experiences and current socio-economic conditions [6] - The project will focus on enhancing ecological quality and developing sustainable industries such as photovoltaic sand control and ecological tourism [6]

Economic Overview - In August, some economic indicators in China showed fluctuations, raising concerns about the achievement of the annual economic growth target amid slowing consumption, weak investment growth, and uncertain exports [1][2] - Despite external pressures, China's economy is generally stable, with high-quality development being steadily advanced, supported by continuous macro policy efforts [1][2] Supply-Side Analysis - Production is steadily growing, with significant increases in key sectors; in August, the added value of large-scale equipment manufacturing and high-tech manufacturing grew by 8.1% and 9.3% year-on-year, respectively [1] - The service sector's production index increased by 5.6% year-on-year, with the accommodation and catering industry showing accelerated growth [1] Profitability Improvement - Industrial profits have shown significant improvement; in the first eight months, the profit growth rate for large-scale industrial enterprises turned positive, from a decline of 1.7% to a growth of 0.9% year-on-year [1] - Monthly profit growth shifted from a decline of 1.5% in July to a growth of 20.4% in August [1] Demand-Side Resilience - Policy effectiveness is evident, with strong resilience and pressure resistance; retail sales of products related to trade-in programs continue to grow rapidly, and service consumption potential is being released [2] - Manufacturing investment grew by 5.1% in the first eight months, with significant increases in specific sectors such as information services and aerospace manufacturing [2] Foreign Trade Performance - In August, the total value of goods imports and exports increased by 3.5% year-on-year, with both exports and imports achieving growth for three consecutive months [2] Artificial Intelligence Initiative - The "Artificial Intelligence+" initiative aims for over 70% application penetration of new intelligent terminals and intelligent agents by 2027 [2][3] - The initiative emphasizes the importance of private enterprises in driving AI development, with 254,000 new AI software R&D private companies established in the first quarter of this year [3] Policy Support for AI Development - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) plans to support various enterprises, including private ones, in participating in the "Artificial Intelligence+" initiative through policy and financial measures [3] "Three North" Project - The "Three North" project is the largest ecological protection and restoration project globally, with a new overall plan emphasizing grand strategic goals and diverse governance models [4] New Financial Tools - A new type of policy financial tool has been established with a scale of 500 billion yuan, aimed at supplementing project capital [5] - The NDRC is working to ensure that these funds are allocated to specific projects to promote effective investment and economic stability [5]