据澎湃新闻，商务部举行例行新闻发布会。 商务部新闻发言人何咏前表示，中国作为负责任大国，一贯积极履行防扩散国际义务， 依法依规针对所有两用物项，禁止对日本军事用户、军事用 途，以及一切参与提升日本军事实力的最终用户用途出口。其目的是制止再军事化和拥核企图，完全正当合理合法。 与此同时，中方始终致力于维 护全球产供链稳定与安全，出口管制申请和审核等程序均依法合规。在此，我愿再次重申对符合确保属民事用途等条件的出口申请都会得到批准。 有媒体提问：据报道，日本企业从中国进口的稀土时被要求提供额外的资料，以此来告知稀土的用途以及稀土经销商的相关信息，请问上述新措施 是否是中国商务部的指示？此外关于两用物项的对日出口管制，请问商务部还做了哪些具体的指示和措施？ ...

Core Viewpoint - China has implemented stricter export controls on dual-use items to Japan in response to Japan's military expansion and nuclear ambitions, asserting that this measure is both justified and necessary [1][4][7]. Group 1: Definition and Justification of Export Controls - Dual-use items refer to goods, technologies, and services that have both civilian and military applications, particularly those that can be used in the design, development, or production of weapons of mass destruction [3]. - The rationale behind the enhanced export controls is Japan's recent military provocations and attempts to revise its security policies, which pose a threat to regional peace and stability [4][6]. Group 2: Japan's Military Expansion - Japan's defense budget is projected to exceed 9 trillion yen (approximately 60 billion USD) in the fiscal year 2026, marking a historical high and reflecting a continuous increase over 14 years [4]. - Japan's strategic direction includes plans to amend its security policies to develop a so-called "counterattack capability," significantly increasing defense spending and relaxing arms export restrictions [6]. Group 3: Nuclear Concerns - Japan currently possesses 47 tons of separated plutonium, sufficient to produce around 6,000 nuclear warheads, raising international concerns about its nuclear ambitions [6]. - High-ranking officials in Japan have publicly advocated for the country to possess nuclear weapons, further complicating the regional security landscape [6][8]. Group 4: International Response - The international community is urged to take concrete actions to restrain Japan's military expansion, including enhancing oversight of Japan's nuclear materials to ensure compliance with non-proliferation obligations [8]. - A unified international stance is deemed essential to prevent the resurgence of Japanese militarism and to maintain global peace and security [8].

Group 1 - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce responded to Japanese Prime Minister Kishi Nobuo's remarks regarding China's export control measures, stating that these measures are a response to Japan's actions and statements that infringe on China's sovereignty and territorial integrity [2] - The spokesperson highlighted three main points: first, Kishi's comments on Taiwan violate international law and challenge the post-war international order; second, Japan's push for military expansion contradicts its constitutional principles and poses a threat to regional and global peace; third, Japan's attempts to modify its nuclear principles and public support for nuclear armament challenge the international non-proliferation regime [2][3] - The Ministry emphasized that export controls are a common international practice aimed at maintaining world peace and fulfilling non-proliferation obligations, asserting that China's actions are legitimate and necessary to prevent Japan's militarization and nuclear ambitions [3] Group 2 - The Ministry urged Japan to reflect on its actions and correct its mistakes, warning against further escalation down a misguided path [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that China's export control measures on dual-use items are a legitimate response to Japan's actions and statements, particularly those made by Prime Minister Kishi Sanae, which are seen as infringing on China's sovereignty and security [1][2] - China's export control measures are aimed at preventing military use and enhancing Japan's military capabilities, which are viewed as a threat to regional and global peace [2] - The Chinese government emphasizes that its export controls are in line with international practices and are intended to fulfill non-proliferation obligations, asserting that the measures are reasonable and lawful [2] Group 2 - Reports indicate that China has suspended export license reviews for rare earths to Japan, and state-owned enterprises have informed some Japanese companies that new contracts for rare earths will not be signed [2] - The Chinese government maintains that its export controls will not affect civilian uses and aims to ensure the stability and security of global supply chains [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes China's firm stance against Japan's claims regarding export control measures, asserting that these measures are legitimate and aimed at preventing Japan's militarization and nuclear ambitions [1] - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce expresses willingness to engage in free trade agreements with Canada, highlighting the mutual benefits and potential for cooperation in the economic sector [1] - The Ministry of Commerce also indicates a commitment to maintaining dialogue with the European Union regarding the electric vehicle case, aiming to deepen cooperation in supply chains and support global green transformation [2] Group 2 - The Ministry of Commerce outlines that despite complex external changes, China's foreign trade development still possesses numerous favorable conditions, emphasizing the country's economic resilience and potential [4] - The Ministry plans to implement the decisions of the Central Committee and the State Council, focusing on innovation, quality improvement, and integration of trade and investment to stabilize the foreign trade landscape [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's response to Japan's criticism regarding China's export control measures on dual-use items, emphasizing that these measures are justified and aimed at preventing Japan's militarization and nuclear ambitions [1]. Group 1: Export Control Measures - China's export control measures are described as a common international practice aimed at maintaining world peace and fulfilling non-proliferation obligations [1]. - The measures specifically prohibit exports to Japanese military users and any entities involved in enhancing Japan's military capabilities [1]. Group 2: Response to Japan's Criticism - The Chinese government rebuts Japan's claims of "economic coercion," asserting that Japan is misrepresenting the situation and failing to acknowledge the root causes of the issue [1]. - The spokesperson urges Japan to reflect on its actions and correct its course to avoid further escalation of tensions [1].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that China's export control measures on dual-use items directed at Japan are justified and a response to Japan's actions, particularly those of Prime Minister Kishi Nobuo [1] - The Chinese government emphasizes that export controls are a common international practice aimed at maintaining world peace and fulfilling non-proliferation obligations [1] - China asserts that the measures are legal and reasonable, aimed at preventing Japan's militarization and nuclear ambitions, and criticizes Japan for not recognizing the root of the issue [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce firmly opposes the recent statements made by Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, emphasizing that the export control measures imposed by China are a legitimate response to Japan's actions and are aimed at preventing militarization and nuclear ambitions [1]. Group 1 - The Chinese government has implemented export control measures specifically targeting Japan, which it claims are justified due to the "erroneous words and actions" of Prime Minister Takaichi [1]. - The spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce, He Yongqian, stated that export controls are a common international practice aimed at maintaining world peace and fulfilling non-proliferation obligations [1]. - China prohibits the export of dual-use items to Japanese military users and any entities that contribute to enhancing Japan's military capabilities, asserting that these measures are reasonable and lawful [1]. Group 2 - The Chinese government criticized Japan for not addressing the root causes of the issue and accused Japan of fabricating claims of "economic coercion" against China [1]. - The Ministry of Commerce urged Japan to reflect on its actions and correct its mistakes to avoid further escalation of tensions [1].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that China's export control measures against Japan are a response to the actions and statements of Japanese Prime Minister Kishi Nobuo, which China deems erroneous [1] - China's spokesperson emphasized that export controls are a common international practice aimed at maintaining world peace and fulfilling non-proliferation obligations, asserting that these measures are justified and legal [1] - The article highlights that China prohibits the export of dual-use items to Japanese military users and any entities that contribute to Japan's military capabilities, aiming to prevent Japan's re-militarization and nuclear ambitions [1] Group 2 - The spokesperson criticized Japan for not addressing the root of the issue and instead accusing China of "economic coercion," which China views as an inversion of truth and a worrying sign of resurgent militarism [1] - China urges Japan to reflect on its actions, correct its mistakes, and avoid further escalation down a misguided path [1]

Group 1: Political Developments in Japan - Japanese Prime Minister Sanna Takashi has decided to dissolve the House of Representatives on January 23 and hold early elections, with an official announcement expected soon [1][27] - Takashi's cabinet approval ratings remain high, prompting calls within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) for an early dissolution of the House [1] - Critics within the LDP and opposition parties argue that Takashi is prioritizing party interests over national concerns, particularly regarding the impact on the 2026 budget [1][30] Group 2: Rare Earth Exploration and Extraction - Japan has initiated the world's first deep-sea rare earth trial mining at a depth of 6000 meters near Minami-Torishima, with the aim of extracting approximately 350 tons of rare earth mud daily [3][5] - The area surrounding Minami-Torishima is estimated to contain over 16 million tons of rare earth elements, which could significantly reduce Japan's reliance on imports [7][9] - The project aims to diversify Japan's rare earth supply sources and enhance its strategic position in the global market, with commercial mining expected to start by February 2027 if trials are successful [9][19] Group 3: Challenges in Rare Earth Mining - The feasibility of deep-sea rare earth mining is questioned due to high technical difficulties and costs, with deep-sea extraction being over ten times more expensive than land-based mining [11][14] - Environmental concerns are significant, as the extraction process may produce hazardous chemical and radioactive waste, necessitating careful management [14] - Nissan is collaborating with Waseda University to develop technology for recovering rare earth elements from scrapped electric vehicle motors, aiming for practical application around 2030 [15][17] Group 4: Economic Implications of Rare Earth Dependency - Japan currently relies on China for over 70% of its rare earth imports, with heavy rare earths being nearly 100% dependent on Chinese supply [19][23] - Potential export controls from China could lead to significant economic losses for Japan, estimated at 2.6 trillion yen if restrictions last for a year [23][25]