我国是世界上水情最复杂、江河治理难度最大、治水任务最繁重的国家之一。水利部在29日的新闻发布会上介绍，"十四五"以 来，我国水利发展取得新成效，为保障防洪安全、供水安全、粮食安全、生态安全作出了新贡献。 新华社权威速览 ·非风"十四五 水旱灾害防御取得新成效 水库防洪库容1856亿立方米 堤防保护人口6.6亿人 国家蓄滞洪区容积1090亿立方米 水文测站13.3万处 战胜了3981条河流超警以上洪水 "十四五"以来 洪涝灾害损失占国内生产总值的比例 由"十三五"的0.28%下降至0.18% 新华社权威速览 ·非凡 "十四五 新华社权威速览 ·非凡 "十四 水资源节约集约利用能 和水平进一步提升 预计"十四五"末国家水网覆盖率达8 耕地灌溉面积达10.9亿亩 农村自来水普及率达96% 2024年 万元国内生产总值用水量 万元工业增加值用水量较"十三五"末 分别下降17.7%和23.6% 农田灌溉水有效利用系数 从"十三五"末的0.565提高到0.58 新华社权威速览 ·非凡 ·十四) 水利现代化治理能力 和水平进一步提升 长江保护法、黄河保护法、地下水管理 节约用水条例等颁布实施 120万名河湖长为守护河湖履职 ...

Core Viewpoint - China has made significant progress in water conservancy development during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, contributing to flood safety, water supply security, food security, and ecological safety [1] Group 1: Water Infrastructure Development - Investment in water conservancy construction reached over 1 trillion yuan for the first time in 2022, marking three consecutive years of record-breaking investment [2] - A total of 172 major water conservancy projects were initiated since the start of the "14th Five-Year Plan" [2] - By the end of 2024, China will have built 95,000 reservoirs, 200 large and medium-sized water diversion projects, 6,924 large and medium-sized irrigation areas, and 318,000 kilometers of embankments, forming the world's largest and most comprehensive water conservancy infrastructure system [2] Group 2: Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention - The flood control capacity of reservoirs is 185.6 billion cubic meters, protecting a population of 660 million [4] - The national flood retention area has a capacity of 109 billion cubic meters, with 133,000 hydrological monitoring stations established [4] - The proportion of flood disaster losses to GDP decreased from 0.28% during the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 0.18% during the "14th Five-Year Plan" [4] Group 3: Ecological Environment Improvement - Several rivers, including the Grand Canal and the Xiliao River, have been fully restored after decades of disconnection [6] - The ecological flow compliance rate for key rivers and lakes reached 98.6%, with 140,000 issues of "disorderly occupation, mining, stacking, and construction" addressed [6] - An estimated 340,000 square kilometers of soil erosion control area will be added, with a soil conservation rate of 73% [6] Group 4: Water Resource Utilization - The national water network coverage is expected to reach 80% by the end of the "14th Five-Year Plan," with irrigated farmland area reaching 109 million acres and rural tap water coverage at 96% [7] - By 2024, water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP and per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value is projected to decrease by 17.7% and 23.6%, respectively, compared to the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" [7] - The effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in farmland increased from 0.565 at the end of the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 0.58 [7]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Water Resources has made significant progress in improving the flood and drought disaster prevention system during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, effectively managing severe weather events and ensuring water security for affected populations [1] Group 1: Disaster Management Achievements - Since the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan," the country has successfully dealt with floods exceeding warning levels in 3,981 rivers [1] - The government has effectively responded to severe droughts in major river basins such as the Yangtze and Pearl Rivers, ensuring safe drinking water for drought-affected communities and irrigation needs for agricultural areas [1] Group 2: Economic Impact - The proportion of economic losses from flood and drought disasters has decreased from 0.28% during the "13th Five-Year Plan" to 0.18% in the current period, indicating improved disaster resilience [1]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the current flood prevention efforts in China during the critical flood season, highlighting the challenges faced and the measures taken by the Ministry of Water Resources to manage water and drought disasters effectively [1][3]. Summary by Sections Flood Situation Overview - During the "July to August" flood prevention period, China experienced two numbered floods in major rivers, with 330 rivers exceeding warning levels, 77 rivers exceeding guaranteed levels, and 22 rivers recording the highest floods since measurement began [1]. - The overall rainfall was 115 millimeters, consistent with the historical average, but localized extreme rainfall was significant, with Hebei's Xiliao River Town recording 637 millimeters and Beijing's Miyun District recording 601 millimeters [1]. Typhoon Impact - Three typhoons made landfall during this period, which is one more than the average for the same timeframe, affecting 13 provinces [1][2]. Regional Flooding and Drought - The flood situation was particularly severe in northern regions, with 18 rivers experiencing historical flood levels, accounting for over 80% of the total historical floods nationwide [2]. - Conversely, areas like Huanghuai and Jianghuai experienced high temperatures and low rainfall, leading to drought conditions, which have since improved due to recent rainfall [2]. Technological Support in Flood Management - The Ministry of Water Resources utilized advanced forecasting technologies, issuing 1,502 flood forecasts and 2,299 flood warnings during the "July to August" period [4]. - A total of 1,388 large and medium-sized reservoirs were utilized to store 146.5 billion cubic meters of floodwater, preventing the displacement of over 1.06 million people [4]. Emergency Response and Monitoring - Water monitoring teams were deployed extensively, conducting 3,878 emergency monitoring sessions to support disaster response and decision-making [5]. - The establishment of a modern reservoir management matrix has been accelerated, with 11,000 reservoirs currently in operation [5]. Future Weather Predictions - Forecasts indicate increased rainfall in various regions, including Northeast, North China, and South China, with potential typhoon activity expected in August and September [6][7].

Core Points - The meeting emphasized the importance of risk awareness and bottom-line thinking during the critical flood prevention period from July to August, urging all departments to ensure no casualties, dam failures, or impacts on critical infrastructure [1][2] - Continuous enhancement of monitoring capabilities for rainfall and flood forecasting is crucial, along with the establishment of a comprehensive management system for identified risks [2][3] - The meeting called for strict adherence to a 24-hour flood prevention duty system and timely reporting of flood-related information to maintain effective emergency response [3] Group 1 - The current situation in Heilongjiang Province has entered a critical flood prevention period, necessitating a strong commitment to disaster prevention measures [1] - Departments are required to implement a comprehensive risk management approach, including the establishment of a database for identified issues and a timeline for resolution [2] - The meeting highlighted the need for close cooperation among various departments to prevent any gaps in flood prevention efforts [2] Group 2 - The importance of maintaining a state of readiness during the flood prevention period was stressed, with a focus on emergency command and monitoring [3] - The meeting underscored the need for proactive communication and public engagement to foster a positive social atmosphere regarding flood prevention efforts [3]

Core Viewpoint - A new rainfall process is expected across China from north to south, with significant impacts on various river basins, leading to potential flooding and requiring enhanced disaster prevention measures [1][2]. Group 1: Rainfall and Flooding Forecast - The upcoming rainfall will affect major rivers including the Luan River, Yellow River tributaries, and Yangtze River tributaries, with some smaller rivers likely to experience flooding beyond warning levels [1]. - The current high soil moisture levels and overlapping rainfall areas increase the risk of flash floods, particularly in northern and northwestern regions [1]. Group 2: Disaster Prevention Measures - The Ministry of Water Resources emphasizes the need for a comprehensive disaster prevention system, focusing on precise monitoring and forecasting of rainfall and water flow [2]. - Key measures include the scientific scheduling of flood control projects, dynamic adjustment of warning thresholds, and ensuring the safety of water conservancy projects [2]. - Special attention will be given to high-risk areas such as mountainous regions and small rivers, with a focus on timely evacuation of at-risk populations [2].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the imminent risk of severe weather events in China, including heavy rainfall, potential flooding, and the impact of Typhoon "Fan Si" on various regions, necessitating comprehensive disaster prevention measures [1][2]. Group 1: Weather and Disaster Preparedness - The upcoming week is expected to see localized heavy rainfall and flooding, with Typhoon "Fan Si" likely to make landfall, complicating the water and drought disaster prevention situation [1] - The Ministry of Water Resources has organized a special meeting to analyze and assess the development of flood and drought conditions, emphasizing the importance of ensuring safety for personnel and critical infrastructure [1] - Key objectives include preventing casualties, ensuring reservoir integrity, and maintaining safe water supply for urban and agricultural needs [1] Group 2: Monitoring and Response Measures - The implementation of strict management measures for reservoirs during flood season is crucial, with a focus on empty reservoir operations and regular inspections of critical infrastructure [2] - Close monitoring of rainfall and water conditions in Inner Mongolia is essential, with preemptive evacuation plans for at-risk communities to avoid casualties [2] - Attention is also directed towards the risk of glacial lake outburst floods, with ongoing assessments of water levels and potential impacts on populated areas and critical facilities [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the critical period of flood prevention in China during the second half of July and the first half of August, highlighting the increased risk of extreme rainfall and drought in various regions [1]. Group 1: Flood and Drought Management - The Ministry of Water Resources has identified significant regional droughts and floods, particularly in northern areas, with potential for severe flooding in specific river basins [1][4]. - A comprehensive disaster prevention system is being implemented, focusing on responsibility, decision support, and command coordination to ensure effective flood and drought management [1][2]. Group 2: Monitoring and Early Warning Systems - 23 provinces have established disaster prevention centers, and the Ministry of Water Resources issues targeted warnings to enhance local defenses against flooding [2]. - There is a need to improve the accuracy of forecasts and the implementation of evacuation measures for at-risk populations [2][3]. Group 3: Infrastructure and Safety Measures - The national levee system spans 31,800 kilometers, with 7,700 kilometers classified as important levees, which are crucial for flood defense [3]. - The Ministry plans to reinforce 2,177 reservoirs by 2025, ensuring their safety during extreme weather events [3]. Group 4: Drought Preparedness - Drought-affected areas are primarily located in Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Hubei, necessitating enhanced drought forecasting and response measures [4]. - The Ministry is focusing on water conservation strategies in major river basins while ensuring flood safety [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significant regional droughts and floods in China during the critical flood prevention period of "July to August," highlighting the government's response and measures taken to manage water-related disasters [1][2]. Flood and Drought Characteristics - The national rainfall has shown five characteristics since the onset of the flood season: multiple strong rainfall events, early typhoon landfalls, frequent flooding in small and medium rivers, varying water levels in major rivers, and significant droughts in certain areas [2]. - A total of 19 strong rainfall events occurred, which is two more than the average for the same period [2]. - Flooding has affected 395 rivers across 24 provinces, with major rivers experiencing varying degrees of water shortages and surpluses [2]. Water Management Measures - The Ministry of Water Resources has mobilized 3,038 large and medium-sized reservoirs to store 51.8 billion cubic meters of floodwater [2]. - The article emphasizes the importance of accurate data collection and monitoring for effective flood prevention, as demonstrated by the operations at the Zhonggou Hydrological Station in Shandong [1]. Regional Flood Prevention Strategies - In northern regions, the article highlights the proactive measures taken by local water management authorities to inspect and maintain flood defenses, particularly along the Zhangwei River [3][4]. - The expected rainfall in the Haihe River basin is projected to be 20-30% above the average, prompting the implementation of a comprehensive flood prevention plan [5]. Mountain Flood Disaster Prevention - The article outlines the multi-stage warning system established for mountain flood disasters, which includes pre-warning, monitoring, and on-site alerts to ensure timely communication and action [7][8]. - Local leaders are encouraged to disseminate warning information effectively to ensure community safety during potential flood events [6]. Drought Management Strategies - The article discusses the ongoing drought conditions affecting 12 provinces, with specific measures being taken to ensure water supply for irrigation and urban needs [10][11]. - The Ministry of Water Resources is focusing on optimizing water resource allocation and enhancing irrigation infrastructure to support agricultural production [11].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the critical flood prevention period in China, highlighting the challenges posed by extreme weather events and the measures taken by the Ministry of Water Resources to ensure safety and effective disaster response during this time [1][2][4]. Group 1: Flood Prevention Measures - The flood prevention period, known as "Seven Down, Eight Up," is characterized by complex and severe flood conditions, with early onset of flooding and extreme droughts in various regions [1][2]. - The Ministry of Water Resources has established a comprehensive flood disaster prevention system consisting of three main components: rainwater monitoring and forecasting, flood disaster defense work, and flood control engineering systems [1][4]. Group 2: Monitoring and Forecasting Systems - A total of 101 rain monitoring radars have been installed across 24 provinces, significantly enhancing the ability to monitor and forecast rainfall [3]. - The rainwater monitoring and forecasting system has been successfully applied during recent extreme weather events, providing timely warnings that facilitated the evacuation of over 100,000 people during severe flooding in Guizhou Province [5][3]. Group 3: Responsibility and Coordination - The Ministry of Water Resources has published a list of 2,792 flood prevention responsibility holders to ensure accountability and effective disaster management [4]. - 23 provinces have established flood disaster defense centers to enhance decision-making support and coordination during flood events [5]. Group 4: Engineering and Infrastructure - As of the end of 2024, there are 318,000 kilometers of levees in China, with 77,000 kilometers classified as important levees [6]. - The Ministry has completed the spatial coordinate mapping of 291,000 kilometers of levees, which will aid in real-time monitoring and decision-making for flood prevention [6]. Group 5: Flood Control Effectiveness - During the response to Typhoon "Butterfly," major reservoirs in the Pearl River, Yangtze River, and Taihu Lake basins were utilized to store 6.67 billion cubic meters of floodwater, demonstrating the effectiveness of the flood control engineering system [7].