述评：杭州灵隐飞来峰免费开放 将还湖于民进行到底 中新网杭州11月19日电 题：述评：杭州灵隐飞来峰免费开放 将还湖于民进行到底 作者 严格 林波 11月19日，浙江杭州宣布，自2025年12月1日起，西湖风景名胜区灵隐飞来峰景区(含灵隐寺、永福寺、 韬光寺)将取消门票，实施免费预约入园。 灵隐飞来峰是西湖世界文化遗产的重要组成部分，其中，千年古刹灵隐寺的双塔双经幢和飞来峰造像都 是全国重点文物保护单位。 2024年7月，灵隐飞来峰景区一景。 林波 摄 多年来，对于灵隐飞来峰的收费问题，社会各界一直有不同声音。这一次免票开放，可以说是杭州市顺 应民意，西湖还湖于民、还景于民的又一重要举措。 多年来，还湖于民、还景于民是杭州市一以贯之的准则。 20世纪80年代初，由于一度城市发展方向的错位，杭州西湖的景观功能萎缩。杭州环湖马路圈内的280 余公顷区域面积中，有80多公顷为各单位和居民占用，这些建筑零乱破旧，格调参差不一。 1983年，杭州市决定"拆墙"，开始大规模地拆房还绿，建设环湖绿地，还景于民，还湖于民。 时任杭州市委书记厉德馨曾告诉作者，还湖于民难度极大，当时西湖周边的住家和单位多有来头和背 景，但杭州市 ...

Core Insights - The rapid development and transformation of cities necessitate a focus on sustainability and livability, which has become a global issue [1][3] - The World Urban Day Global Conference on Sustainable Urban Development, co-hosted by the Shanghai Municipal Government and UN-Habitat, aims to deepen the brand connotation of the "Urban Development Conference" [1][3] Group 1: UN-Local Government Cooperation Model - The "Urban Development Conference" represents a unique mechanism innovation that integrates global agendas and international standards into urban planning and governance [3] - This model facilitates a two-way interaction between the UN and local governments, translating global sustainable development goals (SDGs) into executable urban projects [3] - The conference has established stable partnerships with over 100 cities globally, creating a valuable resource for long-term cooperation through cross-regional and cross-departmental trust [3] Group 2: Thematic Framework of the Conference - The conference is designed around three major themes that address interconnected urban challenges, forming a "complete loop" for urban governance [4] - The themes include "Good Housing," which relates to social equity; "Green, Low-Carbon, and Resilient," which pertains to urban safety and future; and "Digital Governance," which enhances urban efficiency [4] - Approximately 2.8 billion people globally still live in inadequate housing conditions, making "Good Housing" a significant global issue beyond mere construction [4] Group 3: Technological Output and Global Sharing - The conference aims to promote Chinese innovative technologies, such as the MAZU-Urban early warning system and "Smart City Cloud," as global shared tools [6] - It serves as a platform for dialogue between representatives of developing countries and Chinese technology teams to explore the applicability of technologies under different socio-economic conditions [6] - The focus is on knowledge sharing, technology openness, and capacity building to enable cities to localize and apply these experiences effectively [6] Group 4: Empowering the Next Generation - The conference seeks to engage youth in shaping the future of cities through initiatives like the "Future City Innovation Challenge" and "Youth Forum" [7] - It provides opportunities for young entrepreneurs and students to interact directly with city managers and international organizations, allowing their ideas to be put into practice [7] - Collaborations with universities and communities aim to educate young people on the significance of sustainable development, making it an accessible journey for them [7]

10月至11月，以"'以人为本的智慧城市'地方化实践"为主题的世界城市日全球系列活动，在哥伦比亚波 哥大与中国上海开启双城联动。这场汇聚各界力量，共商城市可持续发展的系列活动，为围绕全球治理 议题的对话搭建了新平台，成为中哥文化交流、文明互鉴的新纽带。 双城联动架起中哥文化交流的新桥梁 本届世界城市日，波哥大与上海双城互动，为中哥两国搭建起多层次交流桥梁，尤其在文化互鉴与治理 经验传播层面，展现出独特价值。在波哥大塔德奥大学孔子学院，"易起读——国际公益会客厅"项目揭 牌，成为两国民间交流的亮点。该项目是集多语种工具包、文化展示区与创新孵化平台于一体的空间。 会客厅首场活动聚焦中哥青年对话，两国青年围绕"城市文化传承""社区服务提升"等议题分享经验。未 来，会客厅还将通过非遗体验、公益项目共创等活动，助力中哥文化交流从"单次互动"向"长效协作"转 变。 上海主场的交流同样聚焦"国际传播与经验共享"。在"共建可持续城市"研讨会上，政府、企业、高校及 社会组织代表齐聚一堂，分享中国在社区治理、公益资源整合中的实践路径。其中，"政社企校协同参 与治理"模式，为不同文明背景下的城市可持续发展提供了新视角，也让国际社会 ...

Core Insights - The research led by Chen Sichong from the Wuhan Botanical Garden confirms that large ancient trees play a crucial "refuge" role for urban birds, as published in the journal "Biological Conservation" [1][2] Group 1: Importance of Large Ancient Trees - Urbanization leads to habitat fragmentation, making large ancient trees invaluable as they provide ecological functions that newly constructed green spaces cannot replace [1] - The complex structure of the tree canopy offers essential resting spots for birds, while the abundant fruits serve as a vital food source for frugivorous birds [1] Group 2: Research Findings - The team observed 30 large ancient trees, including camphor, elm, and oak, and recorded behaviors of approximately 5,000 birds, identifying 41 species [1] - As urbanization increases, bird diversity declines, yet the reliance on large trees by birds increases; birds in urban centers are four times more likely to rest on these trees and over 150 times more likely to feed on their fruits compared to those in rural areas [1] Group 3: Behavioral Observations - There is no significant difference in the duration of resting or feeding on large trees between birds in suburban and urban areas, although a slight decrease in urban centers may be attributed to higher disturbances [2] - The study emphasizes that large ancient trees are not only historical artifacts but also essential infrastructure for maintaining urban ecological functions and building resilient urban landscapes [2] Group 4: Conservation Recommendations - Protection of large ancient trees should go beyond mere designation; urban planning must maintain their microhabitats and improve surrounding green space systems to ensure these trees become a cornerstone of sustainable urban development [2]

Core Insights - The Shanghai Index is evolving from a theoretical framework into a practical policy tool and collaboration platform for promoting sustainable urban development globally [1][3] - The release of the Shanghai Index Application Report at the World Cities Day event highlights its role in providing a structured approach to assess urban sustainability [1][3] Application Scenarios - The Shanghai Index, officially known as the Global Urban Monitoring Framework - Shanghai Application Index, is developed to scientifically diagnose and analyze the progress of urban sustainability [3][4] - The index includes 47 key indicators tailored to various application scenarios, focusing on human-centered urban renewal and aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goals [3][4] - Specific application scenarios include indicators for innovation cities, health cities, and mega cities, addressing diverse urban challenges [5][6] Indicator Framework - The indicator system is based on the "Shanghai Index 5×4 framework," featuring seven key indicators that capture economic and social vitality changes due to urban renewal [4][5] - The framework includes traditional metrics like GDP growth and PM2.5 concentration, alongside innovative indicators such as built-up area light index [4][5] Progress and Adaptability - The Shanghai Index emphasizes progressiveness, focusing on the improvement of urban sustainability levels rather than ranking cities [8][10] - It is designed to be an open platform that adapts to the unique stories and challenges of different cities, ensuring relevance and applicability [11][12] - The index aims to guide public policy formulation by identifying urban shortcomings and suggesting actionable solutions [5][12] Global Application and Future Directions - Over 100 cities worldwide are currently piloting the Shanghai Index, with ongoing efforts to refine its methodology through practical applications [14] - Future initiatives include integrating artificial intelligence and big data to enhance the index's capabilities and creating a global urban database for shared access [15]

Core Insights - The flagship project by UN-Habitat aims to transform 1,000 cities and improve the lives of 1 billion people through localized actions for sustainable development [1][2] Group 1: Challenges in Urban Sustainability - The most pressing challenge in urban sustainability is the global housing crisis, with approximately 1 billion people lacking stable access to water, sanitation, and land rights, a number projected to double in 30 years if current trends continue [2] - Housing issues are interconnected with employment, health, education, and social equity, exacerbated by climate change, economic pressures, and social exclusion [2] Group 2: Solutions and Strategies - The flagship project is built on three pillars: data, planning, and strategic investment, which aim to convert global goals into local projects [2] - "Data" serves as a common language to help cities identify gaps and optimize decision-making through unified, open localized data [2] - "Planning" requires integration within a multi-level governance framework, aligning national and local strategies starting from community visions [2] - "Investment" acts as a catalyst to leverage limited funds for chain investments in transportation, housing, and energy, encouraging collaboration among government, private sector, and civil capital [2] Group 3: Implementation and Global Collaboration - The flagship project currently covers 45 countries and over 180 cities, with the World Urban Forum serving as a key platform for these urban communities to gather [3] - There is a desire to leverage Chinese experiences and international resources, positioning Shanghai as a new hub for urban sustainability cooperation [3] - The aim is to showcase replicable local solutions and provide a platform for systematic upgrading and global promotion of existing successful cases [3] - UN-Habitat is focused on breaking development silos and making sustainable development goals a tangible reality through systematic pathways and global network collaboration [3]

Core Viewpoint - China's urbanization is transitioning from a rapid growth phase to a stable development phase, focusing on improving existing urban quality and efficiency rather than large-scale expansion [1] Group 1: World Cities Day Development - World Cities Day was established following the Shanghai Expo in 2010, with the aim of promoting sustainable urban development globally [2] - The first decade of World Cities Day has seen significant growth, establishing a framework for global activities and creating key products like the Shanghai Manual and the Shanghai Award [3] Group 2: Global Engagement and Activities - World Cities Day has developed a multi-layered global activity system, facilitating urban exchanges and citizen participation across various cities [4] - Major events have been held in cities like Milan, Quito, and Liverpool, with the next main event scheduled for Bogotá in 2025 [4] Group 3: Shanghai's Role and Initiatives - Shanghai has become a hub for World Cities Day activities, hosting significant events like the Urban Development Global Conference, which focuses on innovative urban development themes [5] - The Shanghai International Urban and Architecture Expo showcases innovations in urban construction and management, emphasizing smart and green development [6] Group 4: Achievements and Products - The Shanghai Award and the Shanghai Manual have gained international recognition, with the third Shanghai Award receiving applications from 85 cities across 33 countries in 2025 [7][8] - The Shanghai Index provides a scientific assessment of urban sustainability progress, with the 2025 report offering insights into various urban application scenarios [8] Group 5: Innovation and Future Directions - World Cities Day serves as a platform for showcasing innovative urban management solutions, including early warning systems for disasters and smart city infrastructure [9] - China aims to contribute unique solutions and wisdom for global urban sustainable development through World Cities Day initiatives [9]

Core Insights - Dubai Chamber hosted a roundtable meeting during the Asia-Pacific Cities Summit, attended by representatives from 14 countries and regions [1] - The Secretary-General highlighted Dubai as an international model in economic planning and urban development coordination [1] - Participants discussed promoting sustainable urban development through trade, technological innovation, and infrastructure investment, emphasizing the importance of public-private partnerships in attracting investment and enhancing competitiveness [1]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 World Cities Day main event in China, held in Chongqing, focuses on the theme "People's City, Smart Future," emphasizing digital empowerment for urban development and sustainable practices [1] Group 1: Urban Development and Policy - The Chinese government adheres to the development philosophy of "People's City built by the people, for the people," viewing cities as organic systems to achieve historical development milestones [1] - Urbanization levels have significantly increased, with the urban population reaching 940 million, and 19 city clusters accommodating 75% of the national population while contributing 85% of the GDP [1] - The number of cities with a GDP exceeding 1 trillion has reached 27, indicating substantial economic growth in urban areas [1] Group 2: Urban Governance and Innovation - There has been a marked improvement in urban planning, construction, and governance, with advancements in scientific, refined, and intelligent urban management [1] - The event also introduced the 2025 edition of the "Shanghai Manual - 21st Century Urban Sustainable Development Guide" and the "Chongqing Initiative" for global urban development [1]

Core Insights - The "Digital Technology Revitalization of the Millennium Ancient City" case from Gusu District has been included in the 2025 edition of the "Shanghai Manual," showcasing China's experience in historical and cultural preservation at the World Cities Day Global Conference on Sustainable Urban Development [1] - The conference, co-hosted by UN-Habitat and the Shanghai Municipal Government, took place from October 26 to 27, 2023, and highlighted sustainable development cases from 242 cities globally, including 52 from China [1] Group 1 - The case constructs a closed-loop framework of "platform construction - protection and inheritance - revitalization and utilization," utilizing digital technology for the digital preservation, protection, maintenance, and display of cultural heritage [1] - Gusu District implemented the "Ancient City Cell Dissection Project" in December 2020, achieving over 95% household survey coverage of traditional residences, employing laser scanning and drones to create 3D models of cultural relics [2] - The "CIM+ Digital Twin Ancient City" platform was launched in October 2021, featuring multi-scale modeling with a resolution of 3 cm, integrating cross-departmental resources and supporting applications across 17 municipal and district departments with an average daily data call exceeding 20,000 times [2] Group 2 - The platform enables cross-departmental data sharing, enhancing the precision and efficiency of preservation efforts, and supports multi-temporal displays to aid planning and decision-making [2] - Gusu District has initiated the "Ancient City Protection and Renewal Partner Program," encouraging social capital participation in revitalization projects, such as transforming historical residences into boutique hotels and cultural museums [2] - Future plans include deepening the application of digital technology in health monitoring of ancient buildings, cultural tourism consumption, safety protection, and community elder care, aiming to extend the benefits of digital innovation to more residents and share the "Gusu experience" internationally [3]