Core Points - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has announced two key documents aimed at enhancing the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism in major river basins, including the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers [1][2] - The documents outline specific goals, tasks, and measures for implementing a unified compensation mechanism to promote ecological protection and governance across upstream and downstream regions [1] Group 1 - The horizontal ecological compensation mechanism is the earliest and most common inter-regional compensation approach in China, effectively promoting ecological protection and governance in river basins [1] - An example of successful implementation is the 2020 agreement between Sichuan and Chongqing, which covers the Yangtze River and has expanded its scope to include multiple ecological compensation dimensions [1] - Since the signing of the agreement, water quality in the Yangtze River's cross-province control sections has consistently maintained at Class II, with key pollutant indicators showing improvement [1] Group 2 - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment plans to work with the Ministry of Finance and other departments to further advance the compensation mechanism, encouraging provinces along the rivers to jointly fund and build the compensation system [2] - There will be an emphasis on expanding compensation areas, enriching compensation elements, and innovating compensation forms, along with providing guidance and technical support for signing compensation agreements [2] - Regions demonstrating effective mechanism construction and innovative compensation models will be rewarded, and successful experiences will be promoted to enhance collaborative protection efforts [2]

Core Points - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment held a routine press conference on June 25, announcing the issuance of two key documents by five departments, including the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment [1] - The documents are titled "Opinions on Further Improving the Horizontal Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism" and "Implementation Plan for Deepening the Construction of the Horizontal Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism for Major Rivers" [1] - The "Opinions" document serves as a top-level design document, systematically deploying the work goals, key tasks, and specific measures for the compensation mechanism [1]

近日，经国务院同意，财政部、生态环境部、国家发展改革委、水利部、国家林草局联合印发《关于进 一步健全横向生态保护补偿机制的意见》（以下简称《意见》）和《关于深入推进大江大河干流横向生 态保护补偿机制建设的实施方案》（以下简称《实施方案》）。 建立"成本共担、效益共享、合作共治"的横向生态保护补偿机制，是"绿水青山就是金山银山"的重要转 化路径，有利于促进区域协调发展。两个重要文件明确了健全横向生态保护补偿机制的"时间表"和"路 线图"，提出了工作目标、重点任务和具体措施。 补偿机制效益明显 今年4月，湖北省人民政府与陕西省人民政府正式签署汉江流域（鄂陕段）横向生态保护补偿协议。协 议约定，两省本着"生态优先、绿色发展，保护责任共担、流域环境共治、生态效益共享"的原则，以汉 江干流的跨省界国控断面羊尾为责任断面，以水质类别和高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷三项特征污染物浓 度改善情况为补偿指标，分别计算水质类别达标补偿金和特征污染物浓度改善补偿金。 生态保护补偿是指通过财政纵向补偿、地区间横向补偿、市场机制补偿等机制，对按照规定或者约定开 展生态保护的单位和个人予以补偿的激励性制度安排。其中，横向生态保护补偿主要是生态 ...

Group 1: Policy Developments - President Xi Jinping and President Trump discussed the importance of US-China relations, emphasizing the need for mutual respect and cooperation in economic matters [1][2] - The introduction of the "Regulations on Government Data Sharing" aims to enhance government digital governance and service efficiency, addressing the issue of "data silos" [2][3] - The Ministry of Finance and other departments announced a unified horizontal ecological compensation mechanism focusing on the Yangtze and Yellow River basins to improve ecological protection [4][5] Group 2: Urban Development Initiatives - The Ministry of Finance announced support for 20 cities, including Beijing and Tianjin, for urban renewal projects, with a total expected subsidy exceeding 20 billion [7][8] - The initiative aims to improve urban infrastructure and promote sustainable urban development through various financing methods [8] Group 3: Human Resources and Manufacturing Integration - The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security launched a pilot program to integrate human resources services with the manufacturing sector, focusing on cities with advanced manufacturing bases [9][10] - The program aims to establish a standard system for human resources services in manufacturing and enhance regulatory measures against illegal practices [9][10]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, and National Forestry and Grassland Administration jointly issued opinions and implementation plans to enhance the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism, aiming to establish a cooperative model for cost-sharing and benefit-sharing between ecological protection areas and beneficiary areas [1][4]. Group 1: Ecological Compensation Mechanism - The horizontal ecological compensation mechanism aims to establish a collaborative framework for cost-sharing and benefit-sharing between regions that protect the environment and those that benefit from it [2]. - The New An River governance case illustrates the effectiveness of such mechanisms, where a "water quality bet" agreement between Anhui and Zhejiang has led to significant improvements in water quality over 12 years [2][3]. - As of now, 24 provinces have established 30 cross-provincial horizontal ecological compensation mechanisms, with Jiangsu, Fujian, Sichuan, and Yunnan achieving full coverage of intra-provincial key river compensation mechanisms [3]. Group 2: Policy Implementation and Goals - The recent documents clarify the work objectives, key tasks, and specific measures for the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism, emphasizing local initiatives supported by central guidance [4][5]. - The implementation plan outlines a phased approach with short-term and long-term goals, aiming to establish a unified compensation mechanism for the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers by 2027 [5][6]. - By 2035, the mechanism is expected to cover key river systems and enhance ecological quality, ensuring effective national ecological security [6]. Group 3: Market-oriented Compensation Mechanism - The Ministry of Finance plans to promote a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism, encouraging interaction between ecological product supply areas and beneficiary areas [7]. - Key initiatives include developing trading markets for carbon emissions, pollution rights, and water rights, as well as establishing sustainable benefit-sharing mechanisms for ecological industries [7]. - The focus will shift from government-funded compensation to multiple compensation methods, enhancing collaboration and promoting a "self-sustaining" approach to ecological protection [7]. Group 4: Monitoring and Support - Strengthening monitoring capabilities for water resources, environment, and ecology is essential for supporting the horizontal ecological compensation mechanism [8].

Core Viewpoint - The recent issuance of the "Opinions" and "Implementation Plan" aims to establish a unified horizontal ecological compensation mechanism for major rivers, enhancing the interaction between ecological product supply areas and beneficiary areas, and ensuring that protectors and contributors receive tangible benefits [1][4]. Group 1: Policy Framework - The central government will establish a unified mechanism for ecological compensation along the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, clarifying funding rules and responsibilities for provinces based on their ecological protection effectiveness [1][4]. - The mechanism emphasizes a clear accountability structure, promoting a "polluter pays" principle and incentivizing social capital participation in ecological civilization construction [1][6]. Group 2: Historical Context and Examples - The "Xin'an River Model," initiated in 2012, serves as a precedent for cross-province ecological compensation, where upstream and downstream provinces collaborate based on water quality standards [3]. - Currently, 30 cross-province ecological compensation mechanisms have been established across 24 provinces, with comprehensive coverage in key river basins [3]. Group 3: Implementation and Coordination - The central mechanism will not replace existing local agreements but will operate alongside them, allowing provinces to negotiate their own compensation arrangements while adhering to the unified framework [5]. - The implementation plan specifies procedures for fund allocation and emphasizes the importance of local financial contributions to the compensation system [4][5]. Group 4: Marketization and Diversification - The Ministry of Finance aims to promote a market-oriented and diversified ecological compensation mechanism, encouraging the development of trading markets for carbon emissions, water rights, and pollution rights [6]. - Local governments are encouraged to explore various compensation methods beyond government funding, including collaborative projects and talent training, to create a sustainable ecosystem for ecological protection [6].

Domestic Macro - The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and other departments issued a notice on May 30 to enhance the salary distribution incentives for skilled talents in state-owned enterprises, introducing a special allowance linked to skill levels [5][12]. - On June 3, the State Council announced the implementation of the "Regulations on Government Data Sharing," aimed at building a digital government [5][13]. - The State Council issued a notice on June 5 to conduct the fourth national agricultural census, which will include rural households and agricultural production units [5][13]. - The Central Military Commission issued regulations to improve the quality and efficiency of military facility construction [5][13]. - The central bank is set to conduct a 1 trillion yuan reverse repurchase operation [5][14]. Domestic Industry - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "Computing Power Interconnection Action Plan" on May 30 [5][14]. - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment and other departments issued guidelines to strengthen ecological culture construction [5][14]. - The Ministry of Education emphasized the importance of transforming the blueprint for a strong education nation into reality [5][14]. - The Ministry of Commerce launched the "Service Consumption Season" for 2025 on June 3, promoting the integration of various service sectors [5][14]. - The National Energy Administration announced the first batch of pilot projects for the construction of a new power system on June 4 [5][14]. Local Policies - The Shanghai government held a press conference on May 30, announcing the Lujiazui Forum scheduled for June 18-19 [6][17]. - Beijing released a three-year action plan (2025-2027) to enhance property management services [6][17]. - The Shenzhen government issued a plan to promote high-quality development of service trade and digital trade [6][17]. - The Guangzhou government emphasized accelerating major project construction and optimizing industrial layout [6][17]. Overseas Dynamics - The U.S. announced an increase in import tariffs on steel to 50% on May 30 [7][19]. - The U.S. Trade Representative extended the exemption period for certain tariffs on China under Section 301 [7][19]. - India finalized a new electric vehicle policy allowing companies to import electric vehicles at a reduced tariff [7][19]. - On June 5, the U.S. announced a comprehensive travel ban on citizens from 12 countries [7][19].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Finance, in collaboration with several other governmental bodies, has issued opinions and implementation plans to enhance the horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism, focusing on establishing a unified compensation system in key river basins like the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers [1][2]. Group 1: Market-oriented Measures - The initiative aims to accelerate the development of trading markets for carbon emissions rights, pollution discharge rights, and water usage rights, thereby rationally defining and allocating ecological environmental rights [2]. - The plan encourages the development of sustainable ecological industries and the establishment of benefit-sharing mechanisms to promote active participation from social capital in ecological protection efforts [2]. Group 2: Diversified Compensation Approaches - Local governments are encouraged to explore diverse compensation methods based on horizontal ecological protection, including forests, grasslands, air, wetlands, deserts, oceans, water flows, and arable land [2]. - The transition from single government funding compensation to multiple compensation methods is emphasized, promoting collaborative governance and shared development [2].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government aims to establish a comprehensive horizontal ecological compensation mechanism by 2027, covering key river basins like the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, with further advancements expected by 2035 [1][2] Group 1: Policy Objectives - By 2027, a unified horizontal ecological compensation mechanism for the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers will be established, with local regions developing cross-regional compensation mechanisms for key rivers [1] - By 2035, the compensation mechanism will be further developed to cover major river systems and enhance ecological quality and services [1] Group 2: Implementation Measures - The compensation amounts will be calculated based on water quality changes at provincial entry and exit points, with adjustments made according to policy effectiveness [1] - Water quality indicators include permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus, with respective weights of 30%, 30%, and 40% [1] Group 3: Historical Context and Examples - The horizontal compensation mechanism has seen successful trials, such as the 2012 agreement between the Ministry of Finance, former Ministry of Environmental Protection, and provinces of Anhui and Zhejiang, which allocated 5.7 billion yuan in compensation by 2022 [2] - The recent policy aims to address institutional gaps and promote a collaborative approach to ecological protection [2]

在明确健全横向生态保护补偿机制的前提下，有关部门此次还联合发布了《关于深入推进大江大河 干流横向生态保护补偿机制建设的实施方案》（以下简称《实施方案》）。《实施方案》明确，中央财 政积极发挥协调引导作用，在长江、黄河干流建立统一的横向生态保护补偿机制，组织相关省参与，实 现经济利益省际合理横向转移。积累经验后，逐步推广至其他重点流域。要统一核算补偿资金，分别从 空间、时间两个维度，依据各省干流入境、出境国家地表水考核断面水质变化以及本省干流全部断面水 质较以前年度变化情况，统一核算各省出资或受偿金额。 《意见》明确，要推动建立覆盖更加全面、权责更加清晰、方式更加多元、治理更加高效的横向生 态保护补偿机制，实现生态产品供给地与受益地良性互动，真正让保护者、贡献者得到实惠。生态环境 部生态环境管理与政策研究所所长、研究员董战峰表示，《意见》的出台为各地完善生态补偿机制提供 更明确的指导。 董战峰：横向的生态补偿在不同领域、不同地方进展不一样，效果也不一样。如何在探索中不断解 决这个问题，能够形成行之有效的经验和模式，我想也是《意见》希望达到的一个目标。 央广网北京6月5日消息（记者 王逸群）据中央广播电视总台中国 ...