Core Points - The Kabul Zoo serves as a refuge for animals in a war-torn region, despite limited resources and biodiversity [1][2] - The zoo has seen a significant decline in visitors, averaging only a few hundred per day, which is less than one-fifth of peak times [2] - Afghanistan's biodiversity is severely impacted by climate change, prolonged conflict, illegal hunting, deforestation, and lack of public awareness [2] - Approximately 149 species in Afghanistan are classified as endangered, with 60 bird species facing extinction [2] - The extinction of certain mammals and birds disrupts the ecological balance in Afghanistan [3] - Efforts are being made to breed and reintroduce species such as wolves, Marco Polo sheep, and various birds to restore ecological balance [3]

Core Insights - Hainan tropical rainforest is a significant biodiversity hotspot, recognized as a "natural germplasm bank" for fungi, with over 50 new species of large fungi discovered since the establishment of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park [1][8] - The research team led by Professor Zeng Niankai has identified and published over 110 new mushroom species, with approximately two-thirds originating from Hainan's tropical rainforest [1][3] Group 1 - The discovery of new fungal species in Hainan's rainforest is a challenging process, requiring extensive fieldwork to collect specimens and document habitats [3][4] - The time from specimen collection to formal publication of new species can take up to ten years due to the complexities involved in research and verification [4] - Large fungi play a crucial role in ecosystems, facilitating nutrient exchange among plants and decomposing organic matter, which enhances soil fertility [6] Group 2 - Hainan has increased efforts to protect its tropical rainforest, with a priority species list published in 2022 that includes 63 large fungal species based on various ecological criteria [8] - Despite the protective measures, many large fungal resources in Hainan remain undiscovered and underutilized, indicating that research in this area is still in its early stages [8] - Continued investigation into the biodiversity of large fungi is essential for understanding and preserving Hainan's unique ecosystem [8]