转自：市场监管总局网站 12月16日上午，市场监管总局召开2025年四季度例行新闻发布会。以下为发布会文字实录： 市场监管总局新闻发言人、新闻宣传司司长王秋苹：女士们、先生们，媒体朋友们，大家上午好！大雪 初晴，天地澄明，正如我们共同的心愿——市场清朗，民生温暖。欢迎各位来到市场监管总局2025年第 四季度例行新闻发布会现场！ 现在，我向大家通报近期工作。第四季度，总局聚焦民生关键，打出监管"组合拳"，重点向两个方向发 力—— 一是完善基础制度，优化发展环境。出台《市场监督管理信用修复管理办法》，构建了更加科学完备的 信用修复机制；发布《商业银行收费行为执法指南》，为规范商业银行收费行为提供了精准标尺，降低 企业融资成本。 今天我们通过总局官网发布《非横向经营者集中审查指引》和《组织机构统一社会信用代码管理办 法》，前者完善了经营者集中反垄断审查规则，后者强化社会信用体系的基础建设，夯实社会信用体系 根基,欢迎媒体朋友们关注。 二是强化重点监管，回应民生期待。公布《工业产品生产许可证实施细则通则》及24种产品生产许可证 实施细则，进一步强化高风险产品质量安全源头治理。修订《婴幼儿配方乳粉产品配方注册管理办 法 ...

同时，普法宣传更要直击人心。要通过社区讲座、案例通报，讲清"背债"不是捷径是绝路——《民 法典》明确恶意串通的民事行为无效，报酬不受保护；贷款诈骗罪最高可判无期，绝非小事。当公众看 清"一笔钱买断人生"的真相，当各部门形成治理合力，这条寄生在金融与诚信之上的黑产链，终将无处 遁形。 更深层的危害在于对社会信用体系的系统性破坏。信用是现代市场经济的基石，金融活动、商业往 来乃至日常交易都建立在信用评估与信任基础上。"职业背债"产业链的滋生蔓延，使得信用这一无形资 产的评估机制遭到人为扭曲，失信行为被明码标价、系统化运作。长此以往，社会将陷入劣币驱逐良币 的信用困境，诚实守信者反而可能处于竞争劣势。 国家金融监督管理总局已发布风险提示，公安部与金融监管部门也联合开展打击行动，这些举措值 得肯定。但要遏制"职业背债人"灰黑产业链，亟待多管齐下合力共治。金融机构应担起首要责任，严格 贷款审核流程，充分利用大数据、人工智能等技术核实贷款人信息，建立严密内部监督机制，杜绝信贷 员违规操作与勾结行为，从源头筑牢防线。监管部门要加大惩处力度，依据相关法律法规，提高违法成 本，对中介、金融机构内部违规者严厉处罚，对构成犯罪的依 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of establishing a unified credit market as a foundation for a credit economy, highlighting the need for improved credit systems and infrastructure to enhance market efficiency and support economic development [6][10]. Group 1: Importance of Credit Market - The construction of a unified credit market is crucial for the efficient operation of the socialist market economy and the improvement of financial market functions [7][10]. - The "14th Five-Year Plan" suggests building a unified, open, competitive, and orderly market system, which underscores the growing significance of the credit market in economic reforms [6][10]. Group 2: Current Challenges in Credit Market - There are four main shortcomings in the current credit market: limited accessibility to credit services, low proportion of credit financing, inadequate credit infrastructure, and insufficient credit rating and pricing [11][12][14]. - Over 90% of small and micro enterprises have never received bank loans, indicating a significant gap in credit service availability [11]. - Credit loans account for less than 40% of total loans among major banks, with a slow development of the credit bond market, where corporate credit bonds only represent 18% of total bond issuance [12][14]. Group 3: Recommendations for Improvement - The article recommends enhancing the credit infrastructure by establishing a high-standard credit information platform to facilitate efficient data sharing and application [22][23]. - It suggests breaking down regional barriers to promote credit recognition and collaborative regulation across different areas [24]. - The need for a unified credit evaluation standard system is highlighted to ensure the marketization of credit value [25]. Group 4: Role of Enterprises and Intermediaries - Enterprises are encouraged to manage credit as a core asset, integrating credit management into their strategic operations [28][29]. - Intermediary institutions should enhance their credit assessment capabilities, transitioning from static evaluations to dynamic, real-time assessments [19][25]. - The establishment of a credit service and training support system is essential to help small and medium-sized enterprises improve their credit management skills [30].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the implementation of key measures to enhance the social credit system in Hainan, aiming to accelerate the construction of an integrity-oriented free trade port, thereby promoting high-quality economic and social development [1][2] Group 1: Key Measures - The initiative includes five main areas with a total of 60 key measures to establish a comprehensive social credit system covering various entities [1] - Emphasis is placed on the role of government integrity as a leading example, strengthening credit construction for business entities, social organizations, and individuals [1][2] - The measures aim to solidify the data foundation of the social credit system by establishing accurate credit records and promoting the open circulation of public credit information [1] Group 2: Incentives and Regulatory Mechanisms - The plan includes the establishment of mechanisms for incentivizing trustworthy behavior and penalizing dishonesty, along with a credit repair system [2] - A credit-based regulatory and governance mechanism will be developed, implementing graded and categorized supervision based on credit evaluations [2] - The initiative aims to enhance the market-oriented and socialized level of the social credit system, fostering the development of credit service markets and promoting credit financing and transactions [2] Group 3: Strategic Development - The measures will deepen research on the "14th Five-Year" social credit system planning, focusing on strategic, forward-looking, and holistic planning [2] - The goal is to create a unique credit system for the free trade port that integrates public and market credit, as well as domestic and international credit systems [2] - The initiative aims to establish a hub for credit service institutions and develop a new highland for the credit service industry, enhancing the reputation of the "Integrity Free Trade Port" [2]

Group 1 - The 2025 Financial Street Forum opened in Beijing on October 27, with the People's Bank of China (PBOC) Governor Pan Gongsheng delivering a keynote speech [1] - Pan highlighted the implementation of government bond trading operations in the secondary market as a significant measure to enhance monetary policy tools and improve the pricing benchmark role of government bond yield curves [1] - The PBOC has temporarily suspended government bond trading due to imbalances in market supply and demand, but plans to resume operations as the bond market is currently performing well [1] Group 2 - Pan announced that the PBOC is researching policies to support personal credit repair, particularly for individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic who have overdue debts but have since repaid them [2] - The PBOC's credit reporting system has played a crucial role in building the social credit system and preventing financial risks over the past 20 years [2] - A one-time personal credit relief policy is being considered, which would exclude certain overdue records from the credit reporting system for individuals who have repaid loans, with plans to implement this policy in early next year [2]

Core Insights - The application of public credit in China has expanded from a single field to multiple fields, advancing from simple applications to deep applications, and moving from regional segmentation to cross-regional collaborative development [1][2] Group 1: Development of Public Credit Applications - Various regions have explored unique credit application models, accumulating valuable experience for improving the social credit system [1] - In the government service sector, the "credit + government service" model has become a key approach to enhance administrative efficiency [1] - In the financial credit sector, credit application scenarios continue to expand, with credit data playing a crucial role in addressing financing difficulties for small and medium-sized enterprises [1] Group 2: Challenges in Credit Application - Structural and technical issues still exist, such as poor data quality and difficulties in data sharing, which hinder the deep expansion and value release of credit applications [2] - There is a serious phenomenon of homogeneity in application scenarios, with insufficient innovation depth [2] - The imbalance in regional development and the need for improved collaborative mechanisms are prominent challenges [2] Group 3: Strengthening Institutional Framework - It is necessary to enhance the systematic, holistic, and coordinated nature of reforms to elevate the quality of credit applications and truly release their value for social and economic development [2] - Establishing a national unified credit repair process and reducing the credit repair cycle and costs are essential steps [2] Group 4: Data Quality and Sharing - Improving the quality of credit information and the level of data sharing is crucial, including establishing a unified public credit information directory [3] - Developing cross-regional credit information sharing standards and mechanisms is necessary for effective data utilization [3] Group 5: Innovation in Credit Applications - There is a push for innovative credit application scenarios in various sectors such as healthcare, tourism, and housing rental [3] - Encouraging market-based incentive mechanisms for credit-based services is vital for fostering innovation [3] Group 6: Development of Credit Service Industry - The development of a credit service industry ecosystem and support for specialized institutions are essential for providing personalized services [4] - Encouraging the establishment of private credit institutions and innovative credit products will strengthen the industry [4] Group 7: Data Security Measures - Utilizing new technologies like blockchain to ensure data security and establishing a differentiated protection system for sensitive credit data is critical [4] - Strengthening data security supervision and establishing emergency response plans for data security risks are necessary for healthy credit application development [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the massive debt crisis in China, amounting to 65 trillion, which is nearly four times the country's GDP, and emphasizes the importance of accountability in debt repayment [1][3][5]. Debt Overview - The total debt of 65 trillion encompasses various sectors, including investor debts, government debts, and unpaid commercial accounts, indicating a complex economic crisis [3]. - The per capita debt burden for China's 1.4 billion citizens is approximately 4,600 yuan, highlighting the significant economic weight this debt represents for the nation [1][5]. Accountability and Responsibility - The article stresses that the debt crisis is not merely an economic issue but also a legal one, as evading debt repayment undermines social trust and economic order [3][5]. - There is a prevailing mindset among some debtors that they can avoid repayment due to the difficulty of accountability, which poses a threat to the integrity of the credit system [3][5]. Solutions and Challenges - The most direct solution to the debt crisis is repayment, but enforcing accountability is complicated by extensive interest networks and potential political and economic factors [5]. - The article warns that if the situation continues unchecked, it could lead to severe consequences for China's economic stability and social trust [5][7]. Call to Action - The resolution of the debt issue requires not only legal measures but also a collective sense of responsibility among individuals to prevent the normalization of debt evasion [7].

Core Points - The release of the "Guidelines for the Classification of Dishonest Information of Business Entities" national standard aims to strengthen the unified classification of dishonest information and facilitate multi-departmental joint regulation of dishonest behaviors [1][2] - This national standard addresses the need for standardized classification and management of dishonest information, aiming to eliminate discrepancies across departments and improve data sharing between public management and market institutions [1] - The standard establishes basic principles for classifying dishonest information, including the scope, classification system architecture, coding rules, and related information applicable to the classification and use of dishonest information of business entities [1] Industry Impact - The publication of this national standard fills a gap in the classification standards for dishonest information of business entities in China, which is significant for enhancing multi-departmental joint regulation of dishonest behaviors and supporting the construction of a unified national market [2]

Core Viewpoint - The National Standard for Individual Business Credit Evaluation Indicators (GB/T 46278—2025) has been established to facilitate the orderly sharing and efficient utilization of credit evaluation information, thereby supporting credit financing for individual businesses [1] Group 1: Standard Implementation - The standard outlines the basic requirements for establishing credit evaluation indicators, the content of the evaluation indicators, and their configuration, applicable to credit evaluation activities for individual businesses [1] - The implementation of this standard aims to leverage credit value, assisting financial institutions in developing and providing financial products and services tailored to the characteristics of individual businesses [1] Group 2: Financial Support and Development - The initiative is expected to expand the scale and coverage of loans for individual businesses, enhancing the precision and convenience of loan provision [1] - It will also support targeted assistance for individual businesses, encouraging and guiding their sustainable and healthy development [1] Group 3: Policy and Economic Context - The release and implementation of this standard align with the policy requirements for high-quality development of the social credit system and the construction of a unified national market [1] - It addresses the practical challenges faced by the rapidly growing individual economy, particularly the difficulties of expensive and inaccessible financing [1]

Core Viewpoint - The National Standard for Individual Business Credit Evaluation Indicators (GB/T 46278—2025) has been established to facilitate the orderly sharing and efficient utilization of credit evaluation information, thereby supporting credit financing for individual businesses [1] Group 1: Purpose and Benefits - The credit evaluation aims to leverage credit value to assist financial institutions in developing and providing financial products and services tailored to the characteristics of individual businesses [1] - The initiative seeks to expand the scale and coverage of loans for individual businesses, enhancing the precision and convenience of loan access [1] - It will also support targeted assistance for individual businesses, encouraging and guiding their sustainable development through standardized support [1] Group 2: Implementation and Impact - The release and implementation of this standard align with the policy requirements for high-quality development of the social credit system and the construction of a unified national market [1] - It addresses the current challenges faced by the individual economy, particularly the difficulties of expensive and inaccessible financing [1] - The standard will aid in flexible regulation, prudent supervision, and targeted assistance for individual businesses [1]