Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report highlights the rapid growth of the liquid cooling server market in China, with a projected market size of $2.37 billion in 2024 and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46.8% from 2024 to 2029, reaching $16.2 billion by 2029 [1][2] - The data center cooling market is also expanding, with a current size of $7.67 billion in 2023, expected to grow to $16.87 billion by 2028, while the global liquid cooling market is anticipated to increase from $1 billion in 2023 to approximately $5.6 billion by 2028 [1][2] Group 2 - The development of liquid cooling technology is driven by the increasing power density of data center cabinets, which generates more heat and necessitates advanced cooling solutions. Liquid cooling offers advantages such as lower energy consumption, higher cooling efficiency, lower noise, and reduced total cost of ownership (TCO) compared to traditional air cooling [2] - Liquid cooling technology is categorized into contact and non-contact types, with both the Chinese and global markets experiencing high double-digit growth rates [2] Group 3 - Single-phase cold plate liquid cooling is currently the mainstream application, requiring minimal modifications to communication equipment and infrastructure, and is the most mature technology in the industry. The cost of liquid cooling in data centers is approximately 11,818 yuan per kW, saving an average of about 1.8396 million yuan annually compared to air cooling [3] - Immersion liquid cooling is energy-efficient, compact, and highly reliable, with the market size expected to grow from $12 million in 2024 to $486 million by 2029. The cooling liquids used typically include fluorinated liquids, and the exit of 3M from PFAS production may benefit domestic companies in this sector [3] Group 4 - Companies to watch in this sector include Juhua Co., Yonghe Co., New Zobang, Huayi Group, 8 Billion Space, and Runhe Materials [4]

Investment Rating - The industry rating is maintained at Neutral, consistent with the previous rating [3]. Core Insights - The liquid cooling technology is driven by the increasing power density of data center cabinets, which necessitates more efficient heat dissipation methods. Liquid cooling offers advantages such as lower energy consumption, higher cooling efficiency, lower noise, and lower total cost of ownership (TCO) compared to traditional air cooling [4][12]. - The Chinese liquid cooling server market is projected to grow significantly, reaching a market size of $2.37 billion in 2024, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46.8% from 2024 to 2029, ultimately reaching $16.2 billion by 2029 [4][33][57]. - The global data center cooling market is expected to grow from $7.67 billion in 2023 to approximately $16.87 billion by 2028, with liquid cooling technology's market share increasing from 13% to 33% during the same period [33][36]. Summary by Sections Section 1: Development of Liquid Cooling Technology - The shift towards high-density and energy-efficient data centers necessitates the adoption of liquid cooling solutions, especially when cabinet power density exceeds 20KW [11][12]. - The average power density of global data center cabinets has increased from 5.6KW in 2017 to 12.8KW in 2023, with supercomputing centers requiring over 30KW [11][12]. Section 2: Liquid Cooling Efficiency and Cost Advantages - Liquid cooling systems demonstrate superior cooling capabilities compared to air cooling, with a cost of approximately 11,818 RMB per KW, leading to annual savings of about 1.84 million RMB compared to air cooling [17][12]. - NVIDIA's liquid-cooled data centers can achieve a Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of 1.15, significantly lower than the 1.6 PUE typical of air-cooled systems [11][12]. Section 3: Types of Liquid Cooling Technologies - Liquid cooling technologies are categorized into contact and non-contact types, with single-phase cold plate liquid cooling being the most mature and widely adopted solution [52][32]. - Immersion cooling, which can be single-phase or two-phase, is gaining traction due to its energy efficiency and compact design, with the market for immersion cooling servers expected to grow from $1.2 million in 2024 to $48.6 million by 2029 [55][57]. Section 4: Market Growth Projections - The Chinese liquid cooling server market is expected to maintain rapid growth, with a projected market size of $2.37 billion in 2024, reflecting a 67% increase from 2023 [36][57]. - The global data center liquid cooling market is anticipated to grow from $1 billion in 2023 to approximately $5.6 billion by 2028, indicating a strong upward trend in adoption [33][36]. Section 5: Key Companies and Products - Companies such as Juhua Co., Yonghe Co., New Zobang, Huayi Group, and others are positioned to benefit from the growing demand for fluorinated liquids used in immersion cooling systems, especially following 3M's exit from the PFAS production market [66][67].

Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Recommended" rating for Yingweike and Gaolan Co., and a "Cautious Recommendation" for Kexin New Source [4]. Core Insights - The introduction of the Silent-Aire CDU platform by Johnson Controls marks a significant advancement in liquid cooling technology, addressing the thermal management needs of AI data centers [3]. - The Silent-Aire CDU offers a cooling capacity that can flexibly scale from 500 kW to over 10 MW, with specific configurations achieving up to 1.4 MW cooling capacity when using water as a cooling medium [2]. - The report emphasizes that liquid cooling technology is crucial for resolving the power challenges faced by AI development, positioning it as a key technology route for the industry [3]. Summary by Sections Industry Overview - The report highlights the growing demand for efficient thermal management solutions in data centers, particularly driven by the increasing AI computational requirements [3]. Product Analysis - The Silent-Aire CDU platform is designed for high scalability and flexible deployment, making it suitable for both new AI data centers and retrofitting existing facilities [2]. Company Forecasts and Valuations - Yingweike is projected to have an EPS of 0.61 in 2024, with a PE ratio of 131, while Gaolan Co. is expected to improve from a negative EPS to 0.09 in 2025, with a PE ratio of 342 [4]. - Kexin New Source is forecasted to have an EPS of 0.14 in 2024, with a PE ratio of 316, indicating cautious optimism for its growth [4].

Core Viewpoint - The company, Carbon and Technology, has established a green data center in Karamay, Xinjiang, utilizing liquid cooling technology to achieve energy efficiency and carbon neutrality, setting a benchmark for sustainable development in the region [1][2]. Group 1: Company Overview - Carbon and Technology was founded in 2021 and has invested in the Karamay Liquid Cooling Data Center, which is the first green data center in Xinjiang to adopt a plate liquid cooling system [1]. - The company aims to leverage the region's natural advantages and has successfully implemented liquid cooling technology, which has a lower lifecycle operating cost compared to traditional air cooling [2]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The data center's total computing power is projected to reach 3600 PetaFLOPS by the end of 2024, with chip temperatures monitored in real-time, maintaining stability around 65 degrees Celsius [1]. - The average Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) of the data center is controlled within 1.1, which is only a quarter of the national average, showcasing its energy efficiency [2]. - The company has achieved zero carbon emissions since last year and is transitioning towards a negative carbon footprint through heat recovery for heating purposes [2]. Group 3: Infrastructure and Operations - The cooling system operates as a heat management cycle, utilizing cooling towers to manage the high temperatures generated by server chips [3]. - Currently, the data center has deployed 12 cooling tower units, with plans for further expansion in the future [3]. - The company is breaking the perception of high energy consumption in data centers by using liquid cooling technology, thus facilitating the flow of computing power in the region [3].

Core Viewpoint - Yistar Group Co., Ltd. is focusing on expanding its renewable energy and overseas business segments, with significant growth expected in solar, wind, and energy storage sectors due to the implementation of "dual carbon" policies [1][2]. Business Overview - In the first half of 2025, Yistar achieved a revenue of 1.667 billion yuan, with the renewable energy segment accounting for 56.83% of total revenue [1]. - The overseas business has been steadily increasing, reaching 21.26% of total revenue in the first half of 2025, primarily from power supply products such as UPS and EPS [1]. Charging Infrastructure - Yistar's charging pile business serves a wide range of clients, including major power companies and automotive manufacturers, and features mobile charging robots to alleviate congestion at gas stations and service areas [2]. Liquid Cooling Technology - The company offers various mature liquid cooling solutions, including cold plate, immersion, and spray cooling technologies, applicable in charging piles, data centers, and energy storage systems [2]. Research and Development - In the first half of 2025, Yistar invested 101 million yuan in R&D, representing 6.08% of its revenue, and holds over 1,000 patents and software copyrights [2]. Sodium Battery Products - Yistar has achieved mass production of long-cycle and high-power sodium battery cells, developing applications for sodium battery UPS power supplies and automotive start-stop systems [2]. Silicon Carbide Development - The company has been involved in silicon carbide technology development since 2016 and aims to continue research and application in the third-generation semiconductor field [2].

Business Overview - The company achieved a total revenue of 166,749.51 million yuan in the first half of 2025, with high-end power equipment contributing 71,240.65 million yuan (42.72%) and the new energy sector contributing 94,754.24 million yuan (56.83%) [1][2] - The new energy business is expected to grow in proportion due to the implementation of "dual carbon" policies, focusing on solar, wind, and energy storage as new growth points [2] International Business - The overseas business accounted for 21.26% of total revenue in the first half of 2025, primarily from power products like UPS and EPS [3] - The company has established an ODM cooperation model with partners and has its own overseas sales team, targeting markets in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia [3] Customer Base - Key customers for the charging pile business include major power companies and automotive manufacturers, with mobile charging robots being used to enhance charging capabilities during peak times [4] Technology and R&D - The company has invested 1.01 billion yuan in R&D in the first half of 2025, representing 6.08% of total revenue, and holds over 1,000 patents [7] - The company has developed various liquid cooling technologies, enhancing efficiency and reducing power consumption in high-density computing environments [6] Product Development - The company has launched a range of sodium battery products, including UPS power supplies and energy storage cabinets, which offer advantages over traditional lithium and lead-acid batteries [8][9] - The company is involved in the development of silicon carbide (SiC) technology, focusing on application technology rather than direct production [10] Risk Management - The company plans to apply for the removal of risk warnings by the end of 2025, having completed necessary financial corrections and audits [11] Investor Relations - The company emphasizes transparency and regular communication with investors, ensuring compliance with information disclosure regulations [12]

Core Viewpoint - Dasin Intelligent announced advancements in energy-saving technologies for data and computing centers, leveraging its AIoT platform to develop various control systems aimed at enhancing energy efficiency [1] Group 1: Technology Development - The company has independently developed a liquid cooling global optimization energy-saving control system, an AI-tuned energy efficiency management system, and a precise energy efficiency control and management system for data centers [1] - An additional investment of over 20 million yuan will be made by June 30, 2025, for the research and development of these data center control systems [1] Group 2: Application and Experience - The liquid cooling global optimization energy-saving control system has been successfully applied in the operation management of the cold plate liquid cooling system at the Shenzhen Guangming Life Science City big data center [1] - The company has undertaken multiple large-scale data and computing center projects, including the State Energy Commerce Cloud Computing Center and the Qianhai Information Hub, accumulating rich practical experience [1] Group 3: Market Outlook - Currently, the revenue generated from the liquid cooling global optimization energy-saving control system constitutes a small portion of the company's overall business [1] - Business promotion is subject to various factors such as policy guidance and market demand, indicating a degree of uncertainty in the expansion of related business [1] - The company will continue to monitor the development trends of emerging technologies like liquid cooling and actively explore opportunities in line with its business practices [1]

Core Viewpoint - Feilong Co., Ltd. is focusing on the liquid cooling sector, with current products including electronic pumps and temperature control valves, and plans to expand into integrated module products in the future [1] Product Development - The company currently emphasizes cold plate liquid cooling technology while actively advancing the research and application of immersion liquid cooling technology [1]

Core Viewpoint - The liquid cooling market is expected to experience rapid growth due to the increasing power of AI chips and the density of single cabinets, with a recommendation to focus on the entire liquid cooling industry chain, particularly highlighting Envicool (002837.SZ) as a key investment opportunity [1][2]. Group 1: Industry Trends - In the AI era, the heat density of data centers is accelerating, making liquid cooling a mainstream cooling technology for intelligent computing centers [2]. - Liquid cooling offers advantages over traditional air cooling, including faster temperature transfer, greater heat removal capacity, lower noise, energy savings, and space efficiency [2]. - The global PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) assessments are becoming stricter, which is likely to enhance the penetration rate of liquid cooling solutions [2]. Group 2: Market Potential - The global market for liquid cooling in data centers is projected to reach $10 billion by 2026, driven by the adoption of liquid cooling solutions in North America and China [3]. - In North America, the unit value of cold plate liquid cooling is approximately $1,040 per kW, with a potential market size of $3 billion driven by CSP cloud providers adopting liquid cooling for self-developed ASIC chips [3]. - The demand for NVIDIA GPUs remains strong, with optimistic projections suggesting that the liquid cooling market size for NVIDIA could exceed $7 billion by 2026 [3]. - In China, the unit value of cold plate liquid cooling is around 5,000 yuan per kW, with expectations for accelerated penetration rates by 2025 and projected market sizes of 11.3 billion yuan and 23.8 billion yuan for 2026 and 2027, respectively [3]. Group 3: Competitive Landscape - Traditional overseas cooling companies have an early advantage in the liquid cooling market, but domestic manufacturers are expected to benefit from high cost-performance ratios, rapid response times, customized services, and industrial capabilities [3][4]. - The liquid cooling supply chain includes upstream component manufacturers, midstream system solution providers/integrators, and downstream clients such as AIDC service providers, operators, and internet companies [3]. - System integrators require comprehensive capabilities, with high design and stability demands, where established companies like Vertiv and Envicool hold advantages [3].

Core Viewpoint - The liquid cooling market is expected to experience rapid growth due to advancements in AI chip power and density, with domestic manufacturers having opportunities to penetrate overseas markets, particularly through the entire liquid cooling industry chain, with a focus on Envicool (002837.SZ) [1] Group 1: Liquid Cooling Technology - In the AI era, data center heat density is increasing, making liquid cooling a mainstream cooling technology for intelligent computing centers [2] - Liquid cooling offers advantages over traditional air cooling, including faster temperature transfer, higher heat removal capacity, lower noise, energy savings, and space efficiency [2] - The current phase of liquid cooling primarily utilizes cold plate technology, with NVIDIA's latest commercial B-series GPUs adopting 100% liquid cooling architecture [2] Group 2: Market Potential - The global market for liquid cooling in data centers is projected to reach $10 billion by 2026, with North America expected to contribute significantly [3] - In North America, the unit value of cold plate liquid cooling is approximately $1,040/kW, with a potential market size of $3 billion driven by CSP cloud providers adopting liquid cooling solutions [3] - The domestic market's unit value for cold plate liquid cooling is around ¥5,000/kW, with expectations for accelerated penetration by 2025 and projected market sizes of ¥11.3 billion and ¥23.8 billion for 2026 and 2027, respectively [3] Group 3: Competitive Landscape - Traditional overseas cooling companies have early advantages, but domestic manufacturers can benefit from high cost-performance ratios, rapid response, customized services, and industrial capabilities [3][4] - Key players in the liquid cooling supply chain include component manufacturers, system solution providers, and end customers such as AIDC service providers and internet companies [3] - System integrators require comprehensive capabilities, with established companies like Vertiv and Envicool having advantages in temperature control stability [3] Group 4: Component Manufacturers - Component manufacturers face technical and customer barriers, with early partnerships with NVIDIA providing a competitive edge [4] - Domestic suppliers are expected to seize development opportunities as CSP cloud providers pursue higher cost-performance decoupled solutions [4]