Core Viewpoint - The article commemorates the life and contributions of Yang Zhenning, a renowned physicist and Nobel laureate, who passed away at the age of 103, highlighting his significant impact on physics and his deep connection to his homeland [1]. Group 1: Early Life and Education - Yang Zhenning was born in 1922 in Hefei, Anhui, and was influenced by his father, a scholar in modern number theory and algebra [2]. - He spent his childhood in Tsinghua Garden, where he developed an early interest in science, inspired by a book on the latest discoveries in physics [4]. - Yang Zhenning's education continued at Southwest Associated University during the war, where he excelled academically, ranking second among over 20,000 candidates [4]. Group 2: Academic Achievements - Yang Zhenning made groundbreaking contributions to physics, including the Yang-Mills theory and the theory of parity non-conservation in weak interactions, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957 [11][12]. - His work in statistical mechanics led to the development of the Yang-Baxter equation, earning him the Onsager Prize, a prestigious award in physics [12]. Group 3: Contributions to China’s Scientific Development - Yang Zhenning played a crucial role in bridging international scientific communities and introducing modern scientific concepts to China after returning in 1971 [15]. - He advocated for the importance of "developmental research" in China, influencing the country's "863 Program" aimed at advancing high-tech research [18]. - Yang Zhenning established the Tsinghua University Institute for Advanced Study, contributing significantly to the development of theoretical physics and mathematics in China [19]. Group 4: Educational Philosophy and Talent Development - He promoted ideas such as "generalist education" and hands-on training, recommending over 1,200 scholars for overseas training to enhance academic exchange [21]. - Yang Zhenning emphasized the need for strategic allocation of research funding, advising against investments in large particle colliders in favor of more pressing scientific fields [21]. Group 5: Legacy - Yang Zhenning's contributions extend beyond physics; he provided a strategic framework for respecting scientific principles and efficiently allocating technological resources, impacting future generations [23].

Core Points - Yang Zhenning, a Nobel Prize winner and prominent physicist, passed away at the age of 103, known for his significant contributions to theoretical physics, including the Yang-Mills theory and the concept of parity violation [1][2] - He was the first Chinese Nobel laureate and made substantial contributions to China's scientific and educational development after renouncing his U.S. citizenship in 2015 [1][5] Group 1 - Yang Zhenning was born on September 22, 1922, in Hefei, Anhui, and developed a strong interest in mathematics and physics during his education at Southwest Associated University [3] - He achieved a Ph.D. in the U.S. and worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he co-developed the Yang-Mills theory in 1954, recognized as one of the 20th century's most important breakthroughs in physics [3][4] - In 1956, he and fellow physicist Li Zhengdao questioned the conservation of parity in weak interactions, leading to the discovery of parity violation, which was later experimentally confirmed [3][4] Group 2 - Yang Zhenning became a U.S. citizen in 1964 but maintained a strong connection to his Chinese heritage, returning to China for the first time in 1971 and advocating for academic collaboration between China and the West [4] - He settled in Tsinghua University in 2003, naming his home "Gui Gen Ju," which reflects his desire to return to his roots [4] - In 2015, he renounced his U.S. citizenship, expressing his deep connection to Chinese culture and heritage [5]

Group 1 - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis for their discovery of macroscopic quantum tunneling effects and energy quantization in circuits [3] - The award committee recognized that the winners demonstrated the peculiar characteristics of the quantum world in systems large enough to be held in hand, with their superconducting electrical systems tunneling between states [3] - This achievement paves the way for the development of next-generation quantum technologies, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors [3] Group 2 - Several Chinese scientists have previously won the Nobel Prize in Physics, marking significant contributions to the field [4] - Notable winners include Yang Chen-Ning and Li Zhengdao in 1957 for their groundbreaking work on parity non-conservation, which changed the understanding of symmetry in physics [5] - Other prominent Chinese laureates include Ding Zhaozhong in 1976 for discovering a new fundamental particle, and Gao Kun in 2009 for breakthroughs in optical communication [5]

Core Points - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to scientists John Clarke, Mike H. Devorett, and John M. Martini for their discovery of the macroscopic quantum tunneling effect and energy quantization in circuits [1] Group 1: Nobel Prize Winners - The Nobel Prize in Physics has recognized various scientists over the years, with notable contributions from Chinese scientists such as Yang Chen-Ning and Li Zhengdao, who won in 1957 for their groundbreaking work on parity conservation [5] - Other significant winners include Ding Zhaozhong in 1976 for discovering the J/ψ particle, and Gao Kun in 2009 for his contributions to optical communication [5] Group 2: Notable Absentees - Several influential physicists, such as Stephen Hawking, have not received the Nobel Prize despite their significant contributions, primarily due to the lack of experimental verification of their theories [9] - Wu Jianxiong, known for her experimental validation of the parity non-conservation theory, is often cited as a notable omission from the list of Nobel laureates [9] Group 3: Recent Winners - The past decade of Nobel Prize winners reflects the forefront of contemporary physics, with awards given for advancements in machine learning, attosecond light pulses, and quantum information science [10][11][12]

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three American scientists: John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis for their discoveries related to macroscopic quantum tunneling effects and energy quantization in circuits [2][4]. Recent Nobel Prize Winners in Physics - In 2024, John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton were recognized for their foundational discoveries and inventions in machine learning using artificial neural networks [7]. - In 2023, Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L'Huillier were awarded for their contributions to generating attosecond light pulses to study electron dynamics in matter [11]. - The 2022 prize went to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger for their work on entangled photons and quantum information science [14]. - In 2021, Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi were honored for their pioneering contributions to understanding complex physical systems [15]. - The 2020 prize was split between Roger Penrose for proving black hole formation and Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for discovering supermassive dense objects at the center of the Milky Way [18]. Notable Chinese Nobel Prize Winners in Physics - In 1956, Chen-Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee were awarded for their proposal of parity violation [22]. - In 1976, Samuel Ting received the prize for discovering the J particle [23]. - In 1997, Steven Chu was recognized for his invention of methods for cooling and trapping atoms with lasers [24]. - In 1998, Robert C. Richardson was awarded for explaining the phenomenon of electronic quantum fluids [25]. - In 2009, Charles K. Kao was honored for breakthroughs in optical communication through fiber optics [26].

Core Viewpoint - The article reflects on the life and contributions of Yang Zhenning, a prominent physicist, highlighting his achievements, struggles, and enduring legacy in the field of physics. Group 1: Early Life and Education - Yang Zhenning was born over a century ago and experienced significant turmoil during his childhood, including fleeing from military conflicts [3][4]. - He faced challenges as a Chinese student in the U.S., including discrimination when trying to purchase a home [5]. - Yang Zhenning excelled academically, being the only student accepted into a physics program under a scholarship initiative in 1945 [13]. Group 2: Major Contributions and Achievements - He won the Nobel Prize at the age of 34 for his work on "parity violation," a groundbreaking theory in physics [6][7]. - Yang Zhenning's collaboration with Mills led to the development of the Yang-Mills theory, which unified three fundamental forces, marking a milestone in 20th-century physics [7][8]. - His work has been compared to that of Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein, establishing him as one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century [8]. Group 3: Later Life and Legacy - Even in his later years, Yang Zhenning remained active in research, publishing over 30 SCI papers and contributing to the establishment of numerous top-tier physics laboratories [5][22]. - He expressed concerns about the future of high-energy physics and opposed the construction of large particle colliders in China due to cost-effectiveness considerations [28][29]. - Yang Zhenning's reflections on his life reveal a sense of pragmatism and a desire for future generations to excel in science [26][30].

李政道一生受益于机遇，也为其他人 "开门"。 文丨 曾梦龙 编辑 丨 钱杨 当地时间 2024 年 8 月 4 日凌晨，李政道在美国旧金山家中逝世，享年 98 岁。 他出生在上海富商家庭，但遭遇战争，过上颠沛流离的逃亡生活。没有一张文凭，但靠着天赋，被芝加哥 大学破格录取为研究生。1957 年，31 岁的李政道和杨振宁因发现 "宇称不守恒" 现象获得诺贝尔物理学 奖。他也随之成为首位来自中国、史上第四年轻的诺奖得主。 李政道不仅充分施展了其天赋，也热心让更多中国人的天赋有机会施展。因为忧虑中国教育和科学人才匮 乏难题，他建议设立 "少年班"、"中美联合培养物理类研究生计划"（CUSPEA）、博士后制度、国家自然 科学基金等，这些项目、机制培养了无数科学、技术和商业等人才。 他还帮助中国更快进入互联网时代。《天语物道：李政道评传》一书称，1990 年代初，北京正负电子对撞 机实验迫切需要与世界各高能物理实验室通过互联网合作研究。万事开头难，李政道努力协调中美双方政 府上层和科技人员，于 1993 年 3 月创建了中国第一条使用互联网通信协议的国际互联网服务系统。主持 这一项目的高能物理所许榕生研究员著文说，如果 ...