Group 1 - The report indicates that the simulated portfolio performance remains mixed, with most strategies showing reduced returns except for some credit style portfolios. The city investment long-term and secondary long-term strategies achieved returns of 0.2% and 0.15% respectively [2][14] - In terms of heavy-weighted bond types, credit bond-heavy strategies generally outperformed interest rate bond-heavy portfolios. The average weekly return for credit style time deposit-heavy strategies decreased by 0.7 basis points, while the city investment heavy-weighted portfolio's average weekly return fell to 0.15%, a decline of 4.3 basis points from the previous week [2][18] - The cumulative investment returns for the city investment dumbbell strategy were -0.12% in Q1 and 1.85% in Q2 to date, indicating it is one of the more balanced strategies this year [2][18] Group 2 - The report highlights that the cumulative excess returns for duration strategies have outperformed sinking strategies over the past four weeks. The cumulative excess returns for the city investment dumbbell, broker debt duration, and city investment duration strategies were 45.7 basis points, 17.3 basis points, and 11.5 basis points respectively [4][30] - The report notes that the sinking strategies generally underperformed compared to duration strategies in the past month, with financial bond-heavy portfolios lacking aggressive attributes [4][30] - The report also states that the excess returns for short-end strategies are lacking, with the city investment sinking strategy's excess return significantly narrowing, and the time deposit strategy's return deviating from the benchmark by only 1 basis point [4][30]

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Interest Rate Style Portfolio - **Model Construction Idea**: The portfolio is constructed by allocating 80% to interest rate bonds and 20% to credit bonds, with the interest rate bond portion using 10-year government bonds and the credit bond portion including 20% ultra-long bonds[13][19] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Bullet Strategy**: Allocates 1-year AAA interbank certificates of deposit (CDs), 3-year AA+ municipal bonds, and 3-year AAA- perpetual bonds[13] - **Duration Strategy**: Allocates 4-year AA+ municipal bonds and 4-year AAA- perpetual bonds[13] - **Ultra-long Strategy**: Allocates 10-year AA+ municipal bonds and 10-year AAA- subordinated bonds[13] - **Mixed Barbell Strategy**: Allocates 1-year AA+ municipal bonds and 10-year AA+ municipal bonds in a 1:1 ratio[13] - **Model Evaluation**: The interest rate style portfolios generally outperform their credit style counterparts in absolute returns, with cumulative returns around 1% year-to-date[10] 2. Model Name: Credit Style Portfolio - **Model Construction Idea**: The portfolio is constructed by allocating 20% to government bonds and 80% to credit bonds, with a focus on various credit strategies such as bullet, duration, and ultra-long strategies[13][19] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Bullet Strategy**: Allocates 1-year AAA interbank CDs and 3-year AA+ municipal bonds[13] - **Duration Strategy**: Allocates 4-year AA+ municipal bonds and 4-year AAA- perpetual bonds[13] - **Ultra-long Strategy**: Allocates 10-year AA+ municipal bonds and 10-year AAA- subordinated bonds[13] - **Mixed Barbell Strategy**: Allocates 1-year AA+ municipal bonds and 10-year AAA- subordinated bonds in a 1:1 ratio[13] - **Model Evaluation**: Credit style portfolios, such as the municipal bond short-end sinking strategy, achieved cumulative returns of 1.04%, ranking among the top performers[10] --- Model Backtesting Results 1. Interest Rate Style Portfolio - **Weekly Returns**: Ultra-long strategies (e.g., secondary ultra-long and industrial ultra-long) achieved weekly returns of 0.19%[2][16] - **Cumulative Returns**: Year-to-date cumulative returns for various strategies are approximately 1%[10] 2. Credit Style Portfolio - **Weekly Returns**: Secondary ultra-long and industrial ultra-long strategies achieved weekly returns of 0.23% and 0.21%, respectively[2][16] - **Cumulative Returns**: Municipal bond short-end sinking, duration, and bullet strategies achieved cumulative returns of 1.04%, 0.96%, and 0.89%, respectively[10] --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Coupon Contribution - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the contribution of coupon income to portfolio returns, focusing on stability and low volatility[3][28] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Calculate the initial yield-to-maturity (YTM) of bonds in the portfolio - Multiply the YTM by the holding period to estimate coupon income[13] - **Factor Evaluation**: Coupon contributions for most strategies are concentrated between 20% and 40%, with municipal bond short-end sinking and barbell strategies maintaining stable coupon yields around 0.039%[3][28] 2. Factor Name: Excess Return - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the return of a strategy relative to a benchmark, focusing on strategies that outperform consistently[4][33] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Benchmark portfolios are constructed with specific allocations (e.g., 20% government bonds, 64% 3-year AA+ municipal bonds, and 16% 10-year AA+ industrial bonds)[36][38] - Calculate the difference between the strategy's return and the benchmark return over a specified period[36][38] - **Factor Evaluation**: Municipal bond duration and barbell strategies achieved cumulative excess returns of 11.3bp and 10.8bp, respectively, over the past four weeks[4][33] --- Factor Backtesting Results 1. Coupon Contribution - **Municipal Bond Strategies**: Coupon yields for short-end sinking and barbell strategies remained stable at approximately 0.039%[3][28] - **Other Strategies**: Most strategies had annualized coupon yields below 2%[3][28] 2. Excess Return - **Short-term Strategies**: Interbank CD bullet strategies achieved excess returns of 1.9bp, the highest since April[36][38] - **Medium-to-Long-term Strategies**: Municipal bond duration and barbell strategies achieved cumulative excess returns of 11.3bp and 10.8bp, respectively[4][33] - **Ultra-long Strategies**: Industrial ultra-long and secondary ultra-long strategies outperformed benchmarks by approximately 15bp[4][36]

- The quantitative credit strategy shows that the short-term sinking of urban investment bonds has defensive attributes, and the medium-to-long-term strategy provides protection space for the portfolio, resulting in excess returns of over 2bp last week. The short-term sinking strategy outperformed other strategies. Over the past four weeks, despite negative excess returns from financial debt-heavy portfolios last week, the broker-dealer bond strategy remained stable, with cumulative excess returns leading. The perpetual bond duration strategy lagged behind the short-term sinking strategy due to weekly drag[2][12][13] - The duration tracking of various bond types indicates that the transaction duration of urban investment bonds, industrial bonds, and secondary capital bonds is at historical highs. As of May 16, the weighted average transaction durations for urban investment bonds and industrial bonds were 2.21 years and 2.72 years, respectively, both at the 90th percentile level since March 2021. For commercial bank bonds, the weighted average transaction durations for secondary capital bonds, perpetual bonds, and general commercial bank bonds were 4.09 years, 3.52 years, and 2.21 years, respectively. Other financial bonds, such as securities company bonds, securities subordinated bonds, insurance company bonds, and leasing company bonds, had durations of 1.64 years, 2.33 years, 3.51 years, and 1.50 years, respectively[3][15][16] - The coupon asset heat map shows that as of May 19, the yields of non-financial, non-real estate industrial bonds and urban investment bonds generally declined compared to the previous week. Real estate bond yields also mainly declined, with public non-perpetual bonds of state-owned enterprises within 1 year and 1-2 years experiencing a drop of over 10bp. More than half of the financial bond yields declined, with leasing bonds performing better among financial bonds. Commercial bank bond yields showed differentiation across maturities, with yields of bonds within 1 year generally declining, while most bonds over 1 year experienced various adjustments. The yields of perpetual bonds within 3-5 years consistently declined[4][18][19][20] - The tracking of ultra-long credit bonds indicates that the long-term bond index turned downward. Due to continuous negative factors in the bond market, long-term interest rate bonds were the first to realize profits, with a decline of 0.97% for government bonds over 10 years. Ultra-long credit bonds followed the decline, but the drop was relatively mild, with the AA+ credit bond index over 10 years falling by 0.13%[5][22][23][24] - The supply and trading tracking of local government bonds shows a structural differentiation in the recent local bond market. The trading activity of short-to-medium-term bonds fluctuated significantly, with the turnover rate of bonds within 7 years decreasing week-on-week, possibly reflecting cautious short-term allocation. Bonds with maturities of 7-10 years remained stable due to interest rate fluctuations, while the activity of ultra-long-term bonds significantly improved. The weekly turnover rate of ultra-long-term bonds over 10 years returned to over 1%, with weekly transaction volume exceeding 350 billion yuan, indicating that institutional investors are increasing their allocation of long-duration assets, especially ultra-long-term local government bonds as duration management tools. The stepwise growth in transaction volume confirms the continuous improvement in market liquidity, but attention should be paid to potential market expectation differences behind turnover rate fluctuations[6][25][26][27] - Quantitative credit strategy, excess return values: urban investment short-term sinking strategy: 15bp, urban investment duration extension strategy: 10bp, urban investment barbell strategy: 5bp, secondary debt bullet strategy: -5bp, secondary debt sinking strategy: 0bp, secondary debt duration extension strategy: 5bp, commercial bank bond bullet strategy: -10bp, perpetual bond sinking strategy: 0bp, perpetual bond duration extension strategy: 5bp, broker-dealer bond sinking strategy: 20bp, broker-dealer bond duration extension strategy: 15bp[12][13] - Duration tracking, historical percentile values: urban investment bonds: 95.8%, industrial bonds: 93.9%, secondary capital bonds: 91.2%, perpetual bonds: 63.8%, general commercial bank bonds: 78.2%, securities company bonds: 49.5%, securities subordinated bonds: 58.7%, insurance company bonds: 78.4%, leasing company bonds: 93.5%[15][16] - Coupon asset heat map, weighted average yield values: urban investment bonds (private placement): 1 year: 2.01%, 1-2 years: 2.15%, 2-3 years: 2.40%, 3-5 years: 2.58%; urban investment bonds (public offering): 1 year: 1.91%, 1-2 years: 2.00%, 2-3 years: 2.20%, 3-5 years: 2.25%; non-financial, non-real estate industrial bonds (state-owned enterprises, private placement): 1 year: 2.31%, 1-2 years: 2.48%, 2-3 years: 2.69%, 3-5 years: 2.54%; non-financial, non-real estate industrial bonds (state-owned enterprises, public offering): 1 year: 1.86%, 1-2 years: 1.99%, 2-3 years: 2.14%, 3-5 years: 2.17%; non-financial, non-real estate industrial bonds (private enterprises, private placement): 1 year: 2.28%, 1-2 years: 3.95%, 2-3 years: 2.91%; non-financial, non-real estate industrial bonds (private enterprises, public offering): 1 year: 3.85%, 1-2 years: 2.46%, 2-3 years: 2.39%; real estate bonds (state-owned enterprises, private placement): 1 year: 2.22%, 1-2 years: 2.58%, 2-3 years: 2.47%, 3-5 years: 2.71%; real estate bonds (state-owned enterprises, public offering): 1 year: 1.83%, 1-2 years: 2.53%, 2-3 years: 2.48%, 3-5 years: 2.32%; leasing company bonds (private placement): 1 year: 2.25%, 1-2 years: 2.40%, 2-3 years: 2.48%; leasing company bonds (public offering): 1 year: 2.12%, 1-2 years: 2.29%, 2-3 years: 2.33%; commercial bank ordinary financial bonds (state-owned commercial banks): 1 year: 1.56%, 1-2 years: 1.65%, 2-3 years: 1.71%, 3-5 years: 1.79%; commercial bank ordinary financial bonds (joint-stock commercial banks): 1 year: 1.61%, 1-2 years: 1.71%, 2-3 years: 1.76%, 3-5 years: 1.84%; commercial bank ordinary financial bonds (city commercial banks): 1 year: 1.67%, 1-2 years: 1.76%, 2-3 years: 1.82%; commercial bank ordinary financial bonds (rural commercial banks): 1 year: 1.70%, 1-2 years: 1.77%, 2-3 years: 1.85%; bank capital supplement bonds (state-owned commercial banks): 1 year: 1.71%, 1-2 years: 1.78%, 2-3 years: 1.85%, 3-5 years: 1.96%; bank capital supplement bonds (joint-stock commercial banks): 1 year: 1.74%, 1-2 years: 1.84%, 2-3 years: 2.06%, 3-5 years: 2.11%; bank capital supplement bonds (city commercial banks): 1 year: 2.35%, 1-2 years: 2.13%, 2-3 years: 2.32%, 3-5 years: 2.34%; bank capital supplement bonds (rural commercial banks): 1 year: 1.87%, 1-2 years: 2.15%, 2-3 years: 2.39%, 3-5 years: 2.27%; securities company bonds (private placement): 1 year: 1.74%, 1-2 years: 1.85%, 2-3 years: 1.93%, 3-5 years: 2.07%; securities company bonds (public offering): 1 year: 1.65%, 1-2 years: 1.75%, 2-3 years: 1.85%, 3-5 years: 1.90%; securities company subordinated bonds (private placement): 1 year: 1.75%, 1-2 years: 1.83%, 2-3 years: 2.39%, 3-5 years: 2.52%; securities company subordinated bonds (public offering): 1 year: 1.74%, 1-2 years: 1.85%, 2-3 years: 2.00%, 3-5 years: 2.12%[18][19][20] - Ultra-long credit

Group 1: Quantitative Credit Strategy - The recent performance of perpetual bonds and broker bonds strategies has shown a high success rate as of May 9 [2] - Short-term strategies yielded limited excess returns, while mid to long-term strategies, excluding city investment duration and barbell strategies, showed positive excess returns [2][12] - Financial bonds and non-financial credit heavy strategies have widened the gap in cumulative excess returns over the past four weeks, particularly with increased yield elasticity in financial bond duration strategies [2][12] Group 2: Duration Tracking of Various Bonds - As of May 9, the weighted average transaction duration for city investment bonds and industrial bonds reached 2.09 years and 2.51 years respectively, both above the 90th percentile since March 2021 [3][15] - The weighted average transaction durations for secondary capital bonds, perpetual bonds, and general commercial bank bonds are 4.19 years, 3.59 years, and 2.30 years respectively [3][15] - Other financial bonds such as securities company bonds and insurance company bonds have varying durations, with some at historically low levels and others at high levels [3][15] Group 3: Yield Heatmap of Credit Assets - As of May 12, the valuation yield and spread of private enterprise real estate bonds are higher than other types of bonds [4][17] - Non-financial, non-real estate industrial bonds saw a yield decline of around 10 basis points, particularly in the one-year category [4][18] - Financial bonds with high valuation yields include leasing company bonds and securities subordinate bonds, with significant yield declines noted in certain categories [4][18] Group 4: Long-term Credit Bond Insights - The market shows weak willingness to increase long-duration credit bonds, despite the approaching low yields of government bonds and short-term assets [5][20] - Transaction volumes for mainstream long-duration industrial bonds have increased but remain below levels seen in late March, indicating insufficient trading sentiment to support long-term bond markets [5][20] - The recent week saw a decline in the transaction share of long-term credit bonds, falling below 70% [5][20] Group 5: Local Government Bond Supply and Trading Insights - The average coupon rates for 10-year, 20-year, and 30-year local government bonds are 1.79%, 2.07%, and 2.05% respectively, with varying spreads [6][23] - The liquidity in the interbank market remains reasonably ample, with moderate issuance volumes of local bonds, leading to stable supply pressure [6][23] - Long-term spreads continue to widen, but adjustments have led to a more stable outlook [6][23]