Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights that Guoce Quantum Technology (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd. has successfully completed an A+ round financing of over 100 million yuan, led by Guofeng Investment (Beijing) Intelligent Manufacturing Transformation and Upgrade Fund, with participation from several other funds [2] - Guoce Quantum was established in June 2023, incubated by the quantum precision measurement team from Peking University, focusing on the localization of core quantum time-frequency devices, and has launched products such as chip-level atomic clocks and ultra-stable lasers [3] - The funds from this round of financing will be used to expand the production scale of domestically produced chip atomic clocks and high-end stable frequency lasers, enhance R&D of key devices, and accelerate batch verification and delivery in various applications such as communication, power grids, Beidou, and autonomous driving [4] Group 2 - The investment rationale provided by the National New Fund indicates that quantum precision measurement serves as the underlying "clock" for high-end manufacturing, and Guoce Quantum has achieved independent control of core technologies with rapid industrialization capabilities, meeting the surging demand in industrial, defense, and new infrastructure sectors [5] - The investment reflects a broader trend where local governments, state-owned funds, and market-oriented institutions respond to the call for "strengthening patient capital," with Guoce Quantum securing two rounds of financing within a year, showcasing the synergy between policy and capital [6]

Group 1 - Quantum technology is advancing rapidly, enabling significant improvements in drug development, material design, financial analysis, AI training, secure communication, and precision measurement [1][2] - China has made substantial progress in quantum technology, transitioning from following to leading in certain areas, with Jiangsu province focusing on a comprehensive development chain from basic research to industrial clustering [1][4] - The establishment of the Quantum Technology Yangtze River Delta Industrial Innovation Center in Suzhou has created a complete industry chain, making it a leader in domestic quantum technology infrastructure [2][3] Group 2 - Jiangsu's quantum technology sector is characterized by a young and dynamic ecosystem, with many companies established recently yet showing significant potential in research and development [3][4] - The province ranks second nationally in the number of quantum technology-related enterprises, with notable advancements in quantum computing and measurement technologies [4][6] - As of June this year, Jiangsu has filed 2,018 quantum technology-related patents, ranking fourth in the country, indicating a robust innovation environment [3][6] Group 3 - Challenges in the quantum technology sector include technical bottlenecks, supply chain vulnerabilities, and a fragmented upstream supply chain, which hinder development [6][7] - The market demand for quantum technology remains unclear, with many applications still in the exploratory phase, leading to a disconnect between supply and demand [7][8] - International challenges, including technological and investment restrictions from certain Western countries, pose additional hurdles for the development of quantum technology in China [6][8] Group 4 - Collaborative efforts between government, universities, and enterprises are essential for overcoming barriers in the quantum technology sector [8][9] - The establishment of innovation platforms and major technological infrastructure is crucial for supporting high-quality development in quantum technology [8][10] - Companies are increasingly engaging in partnerships with academic institutions to accelerate the application of quantum technology and fill existing technological gaps [9][10]

Core Insights - A comprehensive white paper titled "2025 Quantum Internet and Computing Network Collaborative Architecture" has garnered significant attention, detailing the foundational framework of quantum information technology and its applications [1][2]. Quantum Information Technology - The report outlines three primary application areas of quantum information technology: quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement [1]. - In quantum communication, technologies such as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation, and Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) are elaborated [1]. - The quantum computing section reviews the development history and existing physical platforms like superconductors and ion traps, along with key quantum algorithms such as Shor's and Grover's algorithms [1]. - Quantum precision measurement is highlighted for its ability to surpass standard quantum limits, with applications in quantum clock networks and long-baseline telescopes [1]. Quantum Internet Architecture - The report discusses the multi-stage development of the quantum internet, including trusted relay networks and the evolution of quantum relays to the fourth generation [2]. - It analyzes various protocol stacks for the quantum internet, including the Van Meter and Wehner five-layer models, and introduces packet-switching technology for data transmission [2]. - An initial resource-scarce operational model for the quantum internet is proposed, featuring a centralized control system with user and main networks [2]. Quantum Computing Network Collaboration - The report focuses on three collaborative trends: quantum cloud computing, integration of quantum and supercomputing, and distributed quantum computing [3]. - It emphasizes the necessity of computing network collaboration to meet the unique demands of quantum applications [3]. - Key research directions include resource abstraction and modeling, quantum business modeling, and scheduling framework modeling [3].

Core Insights - The report titled "Quantum Internet and Computing Network Collaborative Architecture White Paper 2025" systematically outlines the technologies, architectures, and applications related to quantum internet and computing network collaboration [1][4][5] - It emphasizes the foundational concepts of quantum information technology, including quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement, while also discussing the current state and future directions of quantum internet development [1][12] Group 1: Quantum Information Technology Overview - The report introduces core concepts of quantum mechanics such as superposition, entanglement, and quantum measurement, which are essential for understanding quantum information technology [1][11] - It categorizes typical applications into three areas: quantum communication (including Quantum Key Distribution, Quantum Teleportation, and Quantum Secure Direct Communication), quantum computing (with existing platforms like superconductors and ion traps), and quantum precision measurement [1][11][12] - The document also mentions experimental systems and the DiVincenzo criteria necessary for quantum computing [1][12] Group 2: Quantum Internet Architecture - The architecture of the quantum internet is described, highlighting its development in six stages, including trusted relay, preparation, and measurement [1][12] - Various generations of quantum relays are discussed, with the first generation including pre-report entanglement distribution and all-optical relays using cluster states [1][12] - The report outlines multiple protocol stack options, such as the Van Meter and Wehner five-layer models, and discusses packet switching technologies based on classical-quantum hybrid frames [1][12] Group 3: Quantum Internet Operation Modes - Initial resource-efficient operational modes for the quantum internet are proposed, distinguishing between user and main networks, with nodes including users and routers [1][12] - The report illustrates application protocol operations using examples like BBM92-QKD and distributed quantum computing, emphasizing the need for establishing end-to-end entangled channels before executing protocols [1][12] Group 4: Quantum Computing Network Collaboration - The report analyzes three collaborative trends in quantum computing: quantum cloud computing, integration of quantum and supercomputing, and distributed quantum computing [1][12] - It highlights the special requirements of quantum applications regarding fidelity and latency, necessitating collaboration between quantum and computing networks [1][12] - Research directions are proposed, focusing on resource abstraction and modeling, quantum business modeling, and scheduling framework modeling [1][12] Group 5: Current Status and Future Directions - The report concludes that the quantum internet is still in its early stages, facing challenges in hardware technology and architectural maturity [1][12] - It emphasizes the need for breakthroughs in quantum relay and error correction technologies, alongside the integration of classical infrastructure to foster new collaborative business models in quantum computing [1][12]

Quantum Internet Overview - The white paper outlines the technical foundation, architecture design, key technologies, and the synergy between quantum computing and networking, providing a reference for the engineering realization of quantum internet [1][24]. - Quantum internet is defined as a network connecting quantum nodes to support applications that classical internet cannot achieve, currently in its early stages with immature hardware and software [4][24]. Quantum Information Technology Basics - Core concepts include quantum mechanics principles such as superposition, entanglement, quantum operations, and quantum measurement, which are essential for quantum computing and communication [1][2]. - Quantum state evolution follows the Schrödinger equation, providing theoretical support for quantum computing and communication [1]. Typical Quantum Applications - Quantum communication includes quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation, and quantum secure direct communication (QSDC), ensuring secure information transfer [2][51]. - Quantum computing utilizes quantum superposition for parallel computation, currently in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) stage, with key algorithms like Shor's and Grover's [2][65]. - Quantum precision measurement aims to surpass the standard quantum limit, with applications in global quantum clock networks and long-baseline telescopes [2]. Quantum Internet Architecture and Key Technologies - The architecture of quantum internet is still developing, with various stages proposed by researchers, including trusted relay and entanglement distribution [4]. - Quantum relay technology is categorized into four generations, addressing long-distance quantum signal attenuation [5][6]. Quantum Internet Protocol Stack - Different research teams propose varied protocol stacks, adapting classic internet architecture to quantum needs, with layers for physical, link, network, and application [7]. Initial Quantum Internet Operation Mode Design - A centralized control scheme is proposed for initial quantum devices, focusing on network layout and node types to manage limited resources effectively [9][10]. Quantum Application Protocol Examples - The BBM92 protocol for quantum key distribution involves a process of path selection, entanglement channel construction, and security checks to generate a secure key [12][13]. - Distributed quantum computing connects multiple quantum processors through entangled channels, overcoming limitations of single-chip systems [14]. Quantum Computing and Networking Synergy - The trend towards quantum cloud computing and integration with supercomputing highlights the need for resource modeling and scheduling frameworks to optimize quantum and classical resource allocation [15][16]. - The necessity for collaboration arises from high fidelity requirements and short coherence times in quantum applications, demanding precise communication timing [16]. Summary and Outlook - The current stage of quantum internet development faces challenges in practical quantum relay and data exchange technologies, with potential cost reductions through the reuse of classical internet infrastructure [18]. - Future directions include breakthroughs in quantum relay and error correction, as well as the development of a resource modeling and scheduling system to support large-scale quantum applications [19].

Core Insights - The article discusses the challenges and advancements in the commercialization of high-end atomic clocks in China, highlighting the dependency on imports and the efforts of a domestic company, Kess Technology, to overcome these barriers [3][6][12]. Company Overview - Kess Technology was founded in 2020 by Qu Qiuzhi, who has extensive experience in developing cold atomic clocks for major national projects [4][9]. - The company has established the first commercial production line for cold atomic clocks and beam chip atomic clocks, surpassing imported competitors by two orders of magnitude in performance [6][12]. Industry Challenges - The atomic clock industry in China faces significant challenges, including reliance on imported components, engineering difficulties, and high production costs [3][11]. - The article emphasizes the "valley of death" in industrialization, where advanced technology fails to transition into mass production due to various constraints [11][12]. Technological Innovations - Kess Technology has developed a novel laser cooling technology that enhances the environmental adaptability of atomic clocks, allowing for mass production and reducing costs [12][13]. - The first generation of commercial cold atomic clocks achieves a precision of 6E-15, significantly better than imported cesium and hydrogen atomic clocks [13][14]. Market Potential - The demand for atomic clocks spans over 160 industries, with applications in 5G/6G communications, AI computing, and deep-sea exploration, indicating a growing market opportunity [10][14]. - Kess Technology aims to position atomic clocks as essential infrastructure rather than luxury items, facilitating broader commercial applications [14][15]. Future Plans - The company plans to scale production to 100 units of commercial cold atomic clocks and 50,000 units of beam chip clocks by 2026, with further miniaturization and cost reduction efforts in the pipeline [16][17]. - Kess Technology envisions expanding its technology to other quantum precision measurement fields, establishing a flexible manufacturing platform for future innovations [15][17].

Core Viewpoint - The report highlights the significant growth in revenue and the strategic positioning of the company in the quantum technology sector, particularly in quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement [3][10][12]. Company Overview and Financial Indicators - The company, Keda Guodun Quantum Technology Co., Ltd., reported a revenue of 121.37 million yuan for the first half of 2025, representing a 74.54% increase compared to the same period last year [3][10]. - The net profit attributable to shareholders was -23.79 million yuan, an improvement from -35.34 million yuan in the previous year [3][10]. - The company's total assets reached 3.58 billion yuan, with a slight increase of 0.18% from the previous year [3][10]. Business Operations and Industry Context - The company is a pioneer in the commercialization of quantum information technology, focusing on quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement [4][10]. - The quantum communication products include core devices for secure communication networks, while quantum computing products consist of superconducting quantum computers and related components [4][10]. - The industry is experiencing a shift towards practical applications, with significant investments and strategic plans from various countries to advance quantum technology [5][6][10]. Revenue Growth and Business Segments - Revenue growth was driven by substantial increases in quantum computing (283.92% increase) and quantum communication (28.10% increase) segments [3][10]. - The company has established itself as one of the few globally capable of large-scale deployment in quantum secure communication networks [4][10]. Strategic Developments - The company completed a targeted issuance to China Telecom's subsidiary, becoming a state-owned enterprise, which enhances its market position [10][12]. - The company is actively involved in the "Zuchongzhi series" superconducting quantum computer research, contributing to advancements in quantum computing capabilities [10][11]. Research and Development - The company maintains a high R&D investment ratio of 45.46% of its revenue, focusing on innovation in quantum technologies [3][10]. - The company has achieved significant milestones in developing quantum key distribution (QKD) technologies and quantum precision measurement devices [12][14]. Intellectual Property and Standards - The company has surpassed 1,000 intellectual property rights, including 632 authorized patents, reinforcing its leadership in quantum communication technology [15][16]. - The company is involved in the formulation of national standards for quantum technologies, promoting the engineering and industrialization of quantum science [15][16].

Core Insights - Breakthroughs in quantum precision measurement have been achieved in China, specifically with a new atomic spin sensor developed by Beihang University, which demonstrates ultra-high sensitivity and traceable precision in measuring weak magnetic fields [1] Group 1: Technological Advancements - The atomic spin sensor can accurately measure magnetic signals that are one billion times weaker than the Earth's magnetic field, showcasing its high sensitivity [1] - The measurement results can be traced back to atomic physical constants, ensuring accuracy and reliability in the measurements [1] Group 2: Applications and Implications - This technology supports various fields, including fundamental scientific research, high-end equipment manufacturing, and cosmic exploration, providing essential metrology support [1] - The sensor has been utilized in exploring dark matter candidate particles, which constitute approximately 85% of the total matter in the universe, aiding in the understanding of this mysterious component [1] Group 3: Government Support and Future Directions - The State Administration for Market Regulation will continue to enhance support for cutting-edge metrology technologies like quantum precision measurement, facilitating the transformation of research achievements into metrology standards and industrial applications [1] - This initiative aims to build a modern advanced measurement system for the nation, supporting technological innovation and high-quality development [1]

Group 1 - The Mozi Quantum Science Foundation announced the winners of the 2025 "Mozi Quantum Prize," recognizing three scientists in the field of quantum simulation [1][2] - The awardees include Immanuel Bloch from the Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and Munich University, Tilman Esslinger from ETH Zurich, and Markus Greiner from Harvard University [1] - Immanuel Bloch is known for his research in quantum optics, quantum information processing, and condensed matter physics, contributing to the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field—ultracold atom optical lattice quantum simulation [1] - Tilman Esslinger achieved the realization of the Fermi-Hubbard model in ultracold atom optical lattices, providing a highly controllable quantum simulation platform for studying strongly correlated many-body systems [1] - Markus Greiner, along with Bloch and Esslinger, was the first to realize the Bose-Hubbard model in ultracold atom optical lattices, validating key theoretical predictions of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems [1] Group 2 - The Mozi Quantum Science Foundation was established in 2018 and created the "Mozi Quantum Prize" to honor scientists who have made outstanding contributions in quantum communication, quantum computing and simulation, and quantum precision measurement [2]

Core Insights - A new spontaneous two-photon radiation scheme has been proposed by a team from Sun Yat-sen University, achieving a fidelity of 99.4% for a demand-triggered quantum entangled light source, published in Nature [1][2] Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The research introduces a novel cavity-induced spontaneous two-photon radiation scheme that matches the intensity of single-photon radiation, challenging the traditional understanding that two-photon radiation is inherently weaker than single-photon processes [2] - The team utilized a solid-state "artificial atom" structure at the nanoscale to enhance the probability of emitting two correlated photons simultaneously, a phenomenon known as spontaneous two-photon radiation [1][2] Group 2: Technological Advancements - Advances in semiconductor material growth and device processing technologies have provided critical support for the experimental realization of spontaneous two-photon radiation [2] - The design of ultra-high-quality optical microcavities has allowed for fine-tuning of the photon generation process, increasing the radiation efficiency of two photons from less than 0.1% to approximately 50% [2] Group 3: Implications for Quantum Technologies - The high fidelity of the entangled photon source indicates significant potential for enhancing the security of quantum communication, reliability of quantum computing, and precision of quantum metrology [2]