日前，《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》（以下简称"十五五"规划建议）公布，将"居民消费率明显 提高"作为主要目标之一，并围绕扩内需、促消费提出了诸多新提法。 相较于"十四五"规划建议，"十五五"规划建议提出，坚持惠民生和促消费、投资于物和投资于人紧密结合；合理提高公共服务支出占 财政支出比重；清理汽车、住房等消费不合理限制性措施，建立健全适应消费新业态新模式新场景的管理办法等。 如何提高居民消费率？居民消费支出在扩内需当中扮演什么样的角色？未来5年，房地产在拉动经济增长方面的贡献率是否会提升？ 接下来，消费、投资和出口在拉动经济增长方面又将分别发挥怎样的作用？ 围绕上述话题，《每日经济新闻》记者（以下简称"NBD"）对商务部原副部长、中国国际经济交流中心资深专家咨询委员会委员魏建 国进行了独家专访。 魏建国长期从事对外经济贸易工作，积累了丰富的国际谈判经验，曾深度参与中国加入世界贸易组织（WTO）的谈判过程，并参与了 亚投行、粤港澳大湾区、中国自贸区和自贸港等国家重大课题研究。 从"收入端"和"供给端"提升居民消费率 NBD："十五五"规划建议将高质量发展放在经济社会发展的主要目标 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasizes the construction of a strong domestic market and the acceleration of a new development pattern, focusing on expanding domestic demand and promoting consumption and investment [1] Group 1: Investment Strategy - The session highlights the importance of combining investment in physical assets and human capital, reflecting a people-centered approach and prioritizing public and private investment in both urban and rural consumption [2] - The "three drivers" of economic growth—consumption, investment, and exports—are all crucial, with a greater emphasis on the structure of investment and human capital in the future [2] Group 2: Demand and Supply Dynamics - The shift from supply-led to demand-led growth indicates a focus on high-quality development, emphasizing the need to identify potential consumer demands and effective investments to avoid wasteful production [3] - The session also stresses that new supply should create new demand, indicating a more scientific understanding of the relationship between supply and demand [3] Group 3: Market Integration - The transition from "accelerating the removal" to "resolutely breaking through" obstacles in building a unified national market signals a commitment to enhancing the socialist market economy and addressing regional barriers [4] - A high-level socialist market economy should avoid fragmentation and promote seamless trade and commerce across regions, which is essential for the unified market [4] Group 4: Interaction Between Consumption and Investment - The interaction between consumption and investment is crucial, where consumption drives investment and vice versa, leading to effective demand and supply [6] - Achieving this interaction requires addressing the issue of proactivity, ensuring that production aligns with consumer needs rather than the other way around, fostering a collaborative ecosystem [6]