记者丨费心懿 编辑丨张伟贤 "看着充电桩前面大排长队，比堵车还心焦。" 国庆中秋"双节"首日，某高速公路充电站仅4个充电桩在运转。王女士的电动车在充电站的队伍里挪了足足3小时，这也是千万 新能源车主假期出行"人在囧途"的缩影。 这一天，全国高速公路充电量飙至1748.58万千瓦时，同比大涨41.95%，创下历史新高。而更严峻的考验还在后面——交通运输 部副部长李扬此前在国新办发布会上预测，本次假期自驾出行将达18.7亿人次，占比八成，高峰时段高速车流量或破日均7000万 辆，其中新能源车峰值可能触及1400万辆。 假期高速充电难的背后是我国新能源车快速普及和充电需求集中爆发的矛盾。 数据显示，2024年底全国充电基础设施总量已达1281.8万台，今年上半年桩车增量比优化至1:1.8，高速公路充电桩更是四年翻 两番多，累计建成6.2万个充电停车位。 但对比激增的需求，这些供给仍显杯水车薪。国家电网监测显示，假期超三分之一高速充电桩处于满负荷运转，京沪、广深周 边服务区早早开启"叫号充电"，有车主拿到号时发现，前方还排着十几辆车。 电车真的不适合长途 充电一会儿儿，排队2小时!#电车 #电车上高速 #排队 充电 ...

Core Insights - The rapid increase in electric vehicle (EV) adoption in China has led to a significant surge in charging demand, particularly during peak travel periods like the recent national holidays [1][2] - The current charging infrastructure is insufficient to meet this demand, with over one-third of highway charging stations operating at full capacity during peak times [2][8] - The government and industry stakeholders are implementing both short-term and long-term strategies to address the charging challenges faced by EV owners [8][9] Group 1: Charging Demand and Infrastructure - During the recent holiday, nationwide highway charging reached a record high of 17.49 million kilowatt-hours, a year-on-year increase of 41.95% [1] - By the end of 2024, the total number of charging facilities in China is expected to reach 12.818 million, with a charging station to vehicle ratio improved to 1:1.8 [2] - The charging volume during the 2024 holiday was 72.15 million kilowatt-hours, with a daily average of 10.31 million kilowatt-hours, reflecting a 34% increase from the previous holiday [7] Group 2: Challenges and Solutions - The "charging anxiety" experienced by EV owners is a result of both short-term surges in demand and long-term supply-demand imbalances [8] - Emergency measures, such as deploying mobile charging robots in busy service areas, have been introduced to alleviate immediate pressure on charging stations [8] - Adjustments in operational mechanisms, like reducing the default charging limit from 100% to 80%, have been implemented to enhance charging station utilization and reduce wait times [8] Group 3: Long-term Planning and Infrastructure Development - The government has emphasized the need for long-term planning to address the structural challenges in charging infrastructure, including enhancing power supply capacity at highway service areas [9] - Recommendations include creating a balanced layout of charging facilities and integrating value-added services at charging stations to improve investment returns [11] - Addressing the charging infrastructure needs in underdeveloped areas is crucial to prevent future charging difficulties from extending beyond holiday travel to everyday use [11]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government aims to promote the development of high-power charging facilities, targeting over 100,000 units by the end of 2027 to alleviate "charging anxiety" among electric vehicle owners [1] Group 1: Differences Between High-Power and Regular Charging Stations - High-power charging facilities, also known as supercharging stations, provide significantly higher power levels than conventional charging stations, with a common definition being direct current (DC) charging facilities with an output power of 250 kW or more [1][2] - Leading supercharging stations can achieve power outputs of 600 kW to over 1000 kW, enabling rapid charging [1][2] Group 2: Benefits for Electric Vehicle Owners - The implementation of supercharging stations can address the "charging anxiety" and "range anxiety" faced by many electric vehicle owners, allowing for charging times of 5 to 15 minutes to support driving ranges of 200 to 600 kilometers [2][3] - Supercharging stations can significantly reduce waiting times for charging, making long-distance travel more feasible and convenient for electric vehicle users [3] Group 3: Ensuring Charging Safety - The technology behind supercharging stations involves high voltage platforms (1000V or 1500V), which necessitate that both the vehicle battery systems and charging stations support high voltage and high power charging protocols [4] - Addressing safety concerns related to high current and heat generation during charging is critical, with challenges including effective heat dissipation to prevent overheating and potential fire hazards [4][5] Group 4: Technological Innovations for High-Power Charging - High-performance power devices, such as silicon carbide semiconductors, are utilized in supercharging stations to enhance efficiency and safety during high-power charging [5] - The large-scale deployment of supercharging stations will drive continuous innovation in battery technology, focusing on materials, structural design, and thermal management systems to improve battery performance and longevity under high charging rates [5]

Core Insights - The total number of charging infrastructure in China is projected to exceed 12.818 million units by 2024, a significant increase from 1.68 million units five years ago, coinciding with a surge in new energy vehicle ownership from 120,000 in 2014 to 31.4 million in 2024 [1] - Despite the growth in charging stations, concerns about charging anxiety persist, particularly for long-distance travel, leading many consumers to opt for hybrid vehicles [1][2] - The distribution of charging stations is uneven, with over 70% being private chargers and less than 30% public chargers, resulting in a public charging ratio of approximately 8 vehicles per public charging station [2] Group 1: Market Dynamics - The rapid expansion of charging infrastructure is accompanied by a structural contradiction, as the demand for public charging stations is not being met, especially during peak travel times [2] - The charging market is characterized by a significant regional disparity, with provinces like Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu accounting for 35% of public charging stations [2] - The cost of establishing charging stations is high, with ordinary fast-charging stations costing between 800,000 to 1.2 million yuan, and the return on investment in urban areas taking 3-4 years, while rural areas may take significantly longer [4][5] Group 2: Policy and Investment - Zhejiang province has set ambitious goals for charging infrastructure, aiming to build over 2.3 million charging stations by 2025, with significant subsidies for both urban and rural areas [7][8] - Investment in rural power distribution networks is crucial for the development of charging stations, with a commitment of at least 10 billion yuan annually from 2023 to 2025 [8] - Various local governments are implementing differentiated subsidy policies to encourage the establishment of charging stations in rural areas, enhancing the overall infrastructure [7][8] Group 3: Future Opportunities - Charging operators are beginning to explore new business models, including integrating with the power grid to leverage battery storage capabilities, which could provide additional revenue streams [10][12] - The development of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology and smart charging solutions is being tested, with the potential for significant energy management benefits [11] - The charging market is expected to grow significantly, with projections indicating that by 2025, the industry scale will exceed 100 billion yuan, driven by increasing new energy vehicle sales and supportive policies [12][13]