Core Viewpoint - Goldman Sachs has adjusted its GDP growth forecasts for China, reflecting an optimistic outlook based on government spending and export growth, with a focus on achieving the economic goals set for the 14th Five-Year Plan [5][8]. Economic Growth Forecasts - The actual GDP growth forecast for 2025 has been raised from 4.9% to 5.0%, while forecasts for 2026 and 2027 have been increased from 4.3% and 4.0% to 4.8% and 4.7% respectively, primarily due to an upward revision in export growth predictions [5][8]. - The expectation is that China's exports will grow by 5-6% annually over the next few years, outpacing global trade growth and contributing to overall economic expansion [8]. Export Growth Insights - Despite challenges such as increased tariffs from the U.S., China's actual exports are projected to achieve an annual growth rate of approximately 8%, driven by the competitiveness of Chinese products across various sectors [7][8]. - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes upgrading traditional industries and fostering emerging sectors, which is expected to support continued rapid growth in exports and an increase in global market share [7]. Real Estate Market Impact - The negative impact of the real estate market on GDP growth is expected to gradually diminish, with the drag on GDP growth estimated at around 2 percentage points annually for 2024 and 2025, potentially decreasing by about 0.5 percentage points each year thereafter [9]. - Recent data indicates a significant decline in new construction starts, with a 20% month-on-month drop in October, and a 30% decrease in second-hand housing prices since their peak in 2021 [9][10]. Policy Measures for Real Estate Stabilization - Potential policy measures to stabilize the real estate market include removing purchase restrictions, lowering down payment ratios, and providing subsidies for first-time homebuyers [9][11]. - Strategies to reduce excess inventory and support distressed borrowers are also suggested, including converting vacant properties for other uses and providing financial assistance to homeowners facing difficulties [10][11]. Consumer Spending Trends - There are early signs of recovery in the high-end retail market, with a shift in household savings from fixed deposits to more liquid forms, indicating an improvement in risk appetite [12]. - The process of increasing consumer spending as a share of GDP is expected to be gradual, requiring time to identify effective policy tools [12][13]. Future Policy Directions - The Chinese government is anticipated to implement more accommodative policies in the coming months, with a focus on stimulating domestic demand and addressing challenges in the real estate sector [14]. - Expected measures include a potential interest rate cut of 20 basis points and an increase in the fiscal deficit-to-GDP ratio from 12.0% in 2025 to 13.0% in 2026 [14].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report indicates that China's export growth is expected to be resilient in 2025, with a forecasted annual growth rate of 3.7% under baseline conditions, despite potential downward pressures from global trade dynamics [4][58][75] - In the first seven months of 2025, China's exports showed a robust growth of 6.1% year-on-year, surpassing the 5.8% growth rate for the entire year of 2024 [9][58] - The report highlights that the share of China's exports in global trade has been increasing, reaching 16.4% in May 2025, indicating a stable competitive position in the global market [3][35][41] Group 2 - The report anticipates a cooling in global trade volume growth in the second half of 2025, influenced by factors such as reduced import demand from the U.S. and ongoing tariff disturbances affecting global manufacturing sentiment [2][15][34] - It is noted that the U.S. has shifted its import reliance away from China towards ASEAN countries, with China's share of U.S. imports dropping to 7.1% in June 2025, the lowest since March 2001 [3][41][44] - The report emphasizes that China's exports to ASEAN and the EU remain strong, compensating for the decline in exports to the U.S., with significant growth in intermediate goods exports [35][51][55] Group 3 - The baseline scenario predicts that the export growth rate will decline in the latter half of 2025, with expectations of negative growth in the fourth quarter due to high comparative base effects from the previous year [4][63][68] - In a tail risk scenario, if tariffs on Chinese goods were to increase significantly, the annual export growth could drop to around 2% [4][75] - The report outlines that the structural dynamics of China's exports will continue to favor ASEAN and EU markets, while direct exports to the U.S. are expected to remain weak [4][68][75]

Group 1: Export Growth Predictions - The current month’s export growth rate is showing marginal weakness but remains resilient, with the monitoring of port container throughput being the most practical high-frequency indicator[2] - The global manufacturing PMI from JPMorgan indicates a continued weakening in overall trade demand, with the PMI dropping below the neutral line in May[3] - The export volume is expected to continue with a strong price but weak price structure, as indicated by the PPI trends[4] Group 2: Import and Export Dynamics - China’s "excess" exports from March to May amounted to approximately $50.4 billion, representing about 17% of the average export value for the first five months of the year[5] - The U.S. has seen a significant increase in imports, with an estimated excess of $188.3 billion from December 2024 to May 2025, accounting for 68.6% of the average monthly imports[6] - The transfer port trade ratio is estimated to be between 41% and 58.7%, indicating a notable shift in trade patterns[8] Group 3: Annual Export Forecasts - The annual export growth rate is projected to range from -5% to 0%, depending on the occurrence of systemic risks[9] - Global trade demand is expected to decline, with the WTO predicting a decrease in global trade volume growth to -0.2% for 2025, which is 3 percentage points lower than previous forecasts[10] - The risk of export transfer is monitored through various indicators, with the gap between U.S. import growth and Chinese export growth widening significantly in the first quarter[11]