编者按：2025年9月12日，《中华人民共和国国家公园法》经全国人大常委会表决通过，将于2026年1月1日正式施行。作为我国国家公园领域的首部综 合性法律，国家公园法的出台标志着以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设步入法治化、规范化的全新发展阶段，对于保持自然生态系统的原真性和完整 性，构建国土空间保护新格局，完善生态文明制度体系，维护国家生态安全具有重要意义。为深入学习贯彻国家公园法，本版特邀相关专家从管理体制、空 间规划、生境修复、民生改善、监测监管、协调推进多角度进行分析解读。 海南热带面休国家公园 保护中: 充 性、保护 性,制定 管制规! 应在国 民所有 行使国: 眼责的! 链条国' 为实施| 间准人| 准人+月 分区+信 段兆刚 国家公园作为自然保护地体系的核 心,实行最严格保护,必须坚持"一盘棋" 思想,在国务院统一领导下,强化部门协 作与地方积极性发挥,建立统一、规范、 高效的管理体制。同时,基于各国家公 园资源禀赋差异,国家公园法鼓励地方 通过协同立法制定符合自身特点的法 规,以实现法治基础上的差异化、精细化 治理,体现中国国家治理体系在国家公 园领域的具体实践与创新。 加强央地协调 国家公 ...

Core Points - The National Park Law, passed on September 12, marks the first specialized legislation on national parks in China, set to take effect on January 1, 2026, indicating a new phase of legal and standardized development in the natural protection system [3] - The law aims to establish a comprehensive national park system by 2035, emphasizing scientific planning and strict criteria for the establishment of national parks [5][6] - The law introduces a unified and efficient management system for national parks, clarifying the roles and responsibilities of various governmental bodies to enhance protection and management efforts [6] Group 1: Establishment and Management - The National Park Law defines national parks as areas approved by the State Council, primarily aimed at protecting representative natural ecosystems [4] - The law mandates a scientific layout for national parks, requiring thorough preliminary investigations and public consultations before establishment [5] - It emphasizes ecological protection as the top priority, distinguishing national parks from regular parks by implementing the strictest protection measures [5] Group 2: Resource Management and Protection - The law establishes a unified natural resource registration system for national parks, ensuring clear ownership and boundaries of natural resources [8] - It introduces a zoning control system within national parks, categorizing areas into core protection zones and general control zones, with specific management measures for each [9] - The law highlights the importance of ecological restoration, shifting from a single protection approach to a comprehensive restoration strategy [9] Group 3: Community Involvement and Economic Development - The law encourages public participation in national park management, promoting local employment and community engagement in conservation efforts [11] - It aims to balance ecological protection with economic development, allowing for sustainable resource utilization while improving local livelihoods [10] - The funding for national parks will primarily come from public finances, with provisions for private sector involvement through donations and support [12]

Core Points - The law aims to promote high-quality construction of national parks, enhance protection and management, and maintain the authenticity and integrity of important natural ecosystems [2][3] - National parks are defined as specific land and marine areas approved by the State Council, primarily aimed at protecting representative natural ecosystems [2][3] - The establishment of a national park system is intended to include the most important natural ecological spaces, unique natural landscapes, and rich biodiversity [2][3] Chapter Summaries Chapter 1: General Principles - The law emphasizes the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the principle of ecological protection first, balancing protection and development [2][3] - It establishes a mechanism for government-led, multi-party participation and social sharing to unify ecological protection, green development, and improvement of people's livelihoods [2][3] Chapter 2: Layout and Establishment - The State will scientifically plan the overall development layout of national parks and strictly determine the conditions for their establishment [9][10] - Local governments are responsible for preliminary work, including public consultation and impact assessments, before applying for national park establishment [13][14] Chapter 3: Protection and Management - National parks will implement integrated protection of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts [15][16] - Management institutions are required to develop overall plans for protection and management, which must be approved by relevant authorities [21][22] Chapter 4: Participation and Sharing - The law encourages public participation in national park protection and promotes ecological education [35][36] - Local governments and management institutions should collaborate with residents and organizations to support participation in conservation efforts [36][39] Chapter 5: Guarantee and Supervision - A diversified funding guarantee system for national parks will be established, with financial support from various sources [44][45] - Regular assessments of natural resources and ecological conditions in national parks will be conducted, and results will be publicly disclosed [22][49] Chapter 6: Legal Responsibilities - The law outlines penalties for violations, including fines for damaging park boundaries or engaging in prohibited activities within core protection areas [54][55][56] - It establishes a mechanism for reporting violations and mandates timely handling of complaints [50][51] Chapter 7: Supplementary Provisions - Local legislatures can formulate specific measures for ecological protection and management based on this law [62] - The law will take effect on January 1, 2026 [63]

Core Points - The law aims to promote high-quality construction of national parks, enhance protection and management, and maintain the authenticity and integrity of important natural ecosystems [3][4][5] - National parks are defined as specific land and marine areas approved by the State Council, primarily aimed at protecting representative natural ecosystems while ensuring scientific protection and rational use of natural resources [3][4] - The establishment of a unified, standardized, and efficient management system for national parks is mandated, with responsibilities assigned to various government departments [5][7][19] Chapter Summaries General Principles - The law emphasizes the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the principle of ecological protection first, integrating protection and development [3][4] - National parks are to be included in national economic and social development plans by local governments [4][5] Layout and Establishment - The state will scientifically plan the overall development layout of national parks, strictly determining the conditions for establishment and the number and scale of parks [11][12] - Local governments are responsible for preliminary work and public consultation before proposing national park establishment to the State Council [13][14] Protection and Management - A holistic approach to the protection of natural ecosystems is mandated, with the establishment of monitoring networks and data sharing [18][19][20] - Specific regulations are set for core protection areas and general control areas, with restrictions on human activities [21][22][23] Participation and Sharing - Public participation in national park protection is encouraged, with a focus on education and awareness [35][36] - Local residents are to be involved in the management and protection of national parks, with their rights and interests safeguarded [39][40] Guarantee and Supervision - A diversified funding system for national parks is established, encouraging contributions from various sectors [32][46] - Regular assessments of the ecological status and management effectiveness of national parks are mandated [25][49] Legal Responsibilities - Clear penalties are outlined for violations of the law, including fines and restoration obligations [55][56][57] - Local governments are empowered to create specific regulations based on local conditions, enhancing the law's applicability [62][63]

Core Viewpoint - The National Park Law of the People's Republic of China was passed on September 12, 2023, and will take effect on January 1, 2026, establishing a unified and efficient management system for national parks, emphasizing integrated ecological protection and resource utilization [1][2]. Summary by Sections National Park Law Overview - The law consists of 7 chapters and 63 articles, covering general principles, layout and establishment, protection and management, participation and sharing, guarantees and supervision, legal responsibilities, and supplementary provisions [1]. - It aims to promote high-quality national park construction, scientific protection, and rational use of natural resources, fostering harmony between humans and nature [1]. Management and Structure - The law emphasizes ecological priority and strict protection, with a focus on building an ecological civilization [2]. - It establishes a management system that includes both central and provincial government oversight, creating a collaborative mechanism among various levels of government [2]. Public Participation and Community Involvement - The law encourages public participation in national park protection and promotes environmental education [2]. - Local governments are required to work with national park management agencies to protect surrounding natural resources and develop nearby communities responsibly [2]. Progress and Achievements - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, significant progress has been made in national park construction, with the establishment of the first five national parks [2]. - The management system has been innovated to ensure unified settings, hierarchical management, and zoned control [2]. Challenges and Global Context - The construction of national parks in China is noted to be the fastest globally, yet it faces challenges such as structural conflicts between ecological protection and local economic development [3]. - The presence of local residents and human-wildlife conflicts complicate community governance in national parks [3]. Importance of National Parks - National parks are described as essential for human survival, providing clean air, water, and a stable climate, thus serving as vital ecological products for society [4].

这部法律规定，国家建立统一规范高效的国家公园管理体制。坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护。 十四届全国人大常委会第十七次会议9月12日表决通过《中华人民共和国国家公园法》，自2026年1月1 日起施行。国家公园法共7章63条，包括总则、布局和设立、保护和管理、参与和共享、保障和监督、 法律责任、附则。 这部法律规定，国家建立统一规范高效的国家公园管理体制。坚持山水林田湖草沙一体化保护，按照自 然生态系统特性和内在规律，对国家公园实行整体保护、系统修复、综合治理。 制定《国家公园法》是高质量推进国家公园建设，科学保护和合理利用自然资源，促进人与自然和谐共 生，推进美丽中国建设的客观要求和迫切需要。 刘国洪介绍，国家公园建设注重机制创新，坚持统一设置、分级管理、分区管控，着力构建统一规范的 管理制度。在管理体制上，初步形成了中央直管和中央委托省级人民政府代管这两种国家公园的管理体 制，建立起主体明确、责任清晰、密切配合的央地、部门、园地协同联动机制。目前，首批5个国家公 园都建立起了局省联席会议机制。 图为海南热带雨林国家公园工作人员向访客介绍情况。摄影 / 章轲 据第一财经记者了解，目前除《国家公园法》之外，国家还在 ...

国家林草局：首批5个国家公园带动近5万人实现家门口就业 刘国洪提到，下一步，将严格把握设立标准、科学规范空间秩序、系统修复整体生境，持续抓好生态惠 民，高水平推进中国特色国家公园建设，更好保护生态环境和生物多样性，更好造福人民。 来源：中国新闻网 编辑：付健青 广告等商务合作，请点击这里 中新网9月10日电 国务院新闻办公室10日举行"高质量完成'十四五'规划"系列主题新闻发布会，介绍"十 四五"时期自然资源工作高质量发展成就，并答记者问。针对"十四五"时期我国国家公园建设取得了哪 些成效，国家林草局(国家公园管理局)局长刘国洪进行了介绍。 "'十四五'期间，我国的国家公园建设应该说迈出了重大步伐。"刘国洪说，第一，体制试点全面完成； 第二，制度框架基本建立；第三，首批五个国家公园正式设立运行，这里包括三江源、大熊猫、东北虎 豹、海南热带雨林、武夷山国家公园。国家公园建设的主要成效体现在以下三个方面： 一是实行整体保护，生态系统得到大尺度、全要素提升。坚持山水林田湖草沙是一个生命共同体理念， 打破了部门和行政区划边界，系统性整合提升保护空间，首批5个国家公园整合了原有的120多个自然保 护地，生态系统多样性稳 ...

Core Insights - The establishment of the national park system in China has led to significant ecological improvements, including an increase in wildlife populations and better living conditions for local residents [2][4][7] - The integration of advanced technology into national park management has been a notable achievement, enhancing the effectiveness of conservation efforts [4] - The development of a legal framework, specifically the National Park Law, is essential for the long-term stability and success of the national park system [6] Group 1: Changes Over the Past Decade - Wildlife populations have increased significantly, with firsthand observations of predation events in national parks like Sanjiangyuan [2] - Local residents, particularly ecological guardians in Sanjiangyuan, have seen improvements in their livelihoods, earning between 10,000 to 20,000 yuan annually [4] - The combination of high-tech advancements with natural landscapes has contributed to the success of national park initiatives [4] Group 2: Future Development Plans - The goal is to create the world's largest national park system by 2035, covering approximately 10% of China's land area, with a focus on developing marine and coastal national parks [5] - The first batch of national parks includes five terrestrial parks, with plans to expand into marine areas during the 14th Five-Year Plan [5] Group 3: Legal and Social Considerations - The National Park Law is viewed as a milestone that will provide a stable and enforceable framework for managing relationships among various stakeholders [6] - Achieving a balance between ecological protection, green development, and improving the livelihoods of local residents is crucial for the success of national parks [7] - Initiatives such as allowing local products to carry national park branding can enhance their market value, benefiting local communities [7]

Core Insights - The article highlights the achievements and new developments in the construction of national parks in China, emphasizing their ecological and social benefits. Group 1: National Park Achievements - The first batch of five national parks in China covers an area of approximately 230,000 square kilometers, integrating over 120 natural protected areas for comprehensive ecological protection and management [3]. - In the Sanjiangyuan National Park, the population of Tibetan antelopes has recovered to over 70,000; in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, the wild populations of Northeast tigers and leopards have increased to around 70 and 80, respectively; the Giant Panda National Park protects over 70% of the wild giant pandas in the country [6]. Group 2: Ecological Contributions - National parks possess vast areas of forests, grasslands, wetlands, and other ecosystems, contributing significantly to carbon fixation and oxygen release. The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has seen the near extinction of the Hainan gibbon turn into the only growing population among gibbons globally. Wuyishan National Park protects a UNESCO World Heritage site, serving as a complete gene pool for subtropical forests at the same latitude [9]. Group 3: Community Involvement - The first batch of national parks has prioritized the recruitment of nearly 50,000 local residents as ecological guardians, with more candidates for new national parks on the way, benefiting more people [11]. - Experts emphasize that national parks provide high-quality ecological products, such as water conservation, carbon fixation, soil preservation, and windbreaks, which play a crucial role in improving living standards and quality of life [14].

Core Viewpoint - The third National Park Forum highlighted the achievements in the construction of national parks in China, showcasing the integration of over 120 natural protected areas and the improvement of biodiversity, stability, and sustainability of ecosystems [1][2]. Group 1: National Park Development - The first batch of national parks, established in October 2021, includes Sanjiangyuan, Giant Panda, Northeast Tiger and Leopard, Hainan Tropical Rainforest, and Wuyi Mountain [1]. - Since the establishment of the first batch of national parks, the registration of natural resource rights has been completed, and integrated protection and systematic governance of various ecosystems have been continuously promoted [1]. - The Sanjiangyuan National Park has implemented major ecological protection and restoration projects, leading to a significant increase in wildlife populations [1]. Group 2: Research and Monitoring Systems - A complete research platform has been established for national parks, with a high-level scientific monitoring system being developed [2]. - The National Forestry and Grassland Administration released the "National Park Monitoring System Construction Plan," aiming for unified standards and platforms for monitoring across national parks [2]. - The monitoring network will utilize advanced technology to enhance the management of national parks, enabling precise identification and real-time perception of wildlife in key areas [2].