关注、加星，第一时间接收推送！ 文 | 赵伟、陈达飞、王茂宇 联系人| 王茂宇 摘要 关税的通胀效应尚未充分显现，但就业转弱的风险正在上行。据此，部分美联储官员呼吁尽快降息。下 半年，失业率上行风险有多大、会否再次触发"萨姆规则"的衰退信号？ 一、美国劳动力市场状况：劳动力供求双双走弱，失业率易上难下 美国经济"内循环"的根基是劳动力市场。 美国是典型的消费型经济体。2000年以来，美国居民PCE消费 平均拉动GDP增速1.7个百分点，贡献率76%。居民消费主要由收入及财富驱动，而收入主要由劳动报酬 贡献（占比超6成）。故可以说，劳动力市场是美国经济的"压舱石"。 2025年初以来，美国经济持续走弱，下半年需关注关税对劳动力市场的负面冲击。 目前，美国职位空缺/ 失业人数已回落至2019年底以下；结构数据显示，劳动力需求持续走弱；根据高频数据和就业状况指数 （LMCI）等综合指标来看，下半年美国失业率易上难下。 特朗普政府的移民政策或造成"供给冲击"，导致新增就业人数进一步下行。 拜登任期内，移民流入是美 国就业缺口收敛和经济软着陆的重要解释。特朗普上任后，立即收紧移民政策，虽可在一定程度上缓和 劳动力市场" ...

美联储理事库格勒表示，美国通胀和失业率都存在上行风险。 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating - Not provided in the given content Core Viewpoints - In the May 2025 meeting, the Fed unanimously agreed to keep the policy rate unchanged at 4.25 - 4.5%. The meeting statement emphasized an increase in stagflation risks, and Powell maintained a wait - and - see stance, believing the current economic activity is robust and the cost of waiting is low [3]. - The changes in the meeting statement are mainly in two aspects: an increase in the uncertainty of the economic outlook and a rise in the risks of both high unemployment and high inflation [3]. - Powell's wait - and - see stance is due to the Fed having cut interest rates by 100BP, with the current interest rate being only moderately restrictive, and the economy remaining in good condition [3]. - Future prospects are highly uncertain. Inflation pressure may appear earlier than the upward pressure on unemployment. In the short term, inflation pressure may appear in June or July, constraining the Fed's probability of easing, and the probability of a rate cut in June is low [3]. - In terms of strategies, for US Treasuries, the better - than - expected April non - farm payroll data led to a callback in market rate - cut expectations, and the US Treasury yield curve flattened bearishly. There is a good opportunity to enter the short - end US Treasuries, and a bullish view is maintained on the long - end in the short term. For the US dollar index, it is expected to oscillate overall this year, and short - term negotiation progress and medium - term tax - cut bill implementation in the US may support its performance [3]. Summary by Related Content Fed Meeting - The Fed kept the policy rate at 4.25 - 4.5% in the May 2025 meeting, and the meeting statement emphasized stagflation risks [3]. - The statement changes included increased economic outlook uncertainty and rising risks of high unemployment and high inflation [3]. Powell's Stance - Powell maintained a wait - and - see stance, believing there's no need to act in a hurry as the current monetary policy is only moderately restrictive and the economy is in good shape [3][4]. - He thought the cost of waiting is low, with the labor market stable, unemployment low, and no large - scale layoffs [3][4]. - He also mentioned that the relationship between expected survey data and consumer spending is weak [3][4]. Future Outlook - Inflation pressure may appear earlier than unemployment pressure. Considering corporate inventories, inflation pressure may appear in June or July, and the probability of a June rate cut is low [3]. Investment Strategies - For US Treasuries, there's a good entry opportunity for short - end bonds, and a bullish view is held on long - end bonds in the short term. If policy uncertainty decreases, it may improve long - end liquidity and term premium [3]. - The US dollar index is expected to oscillate this year, and short - term negotiation progress and medium - term tax - cut bill implementation may support it [3].