Group 1 - The article discusses the concept of "backwardation," which occurs when futures prices are lower than spot prices, indicating a pessimistic market outlook for the future [7][8]. - It explains that regardless of price fluctuations, spot and futures prices will converge at the delivery date due to trading mechanisms and arbitrage activities [10][12]. - The article provides an example of how arbitrage works using apples, illustrating how traders can profit from price discrepancies between spot and futures markets [13][19]. Group 2 - The article highlights that the convergence of prices is enforced by trading regulations, particularly in financial futures like the CSI 300 index futures [22][25]. - It notes that the cost of hedging, referred to as "hedging cost," is a significant factor affecting the final returns of neutral strategies [26][28]. - The article identifies two main factors that influence backwardation: corporate dividends and increased hedging demand, particularly during the dividend season from May to July [30][39]. Group 3 - It mentions that during the dividend season, stock prices drop due to ex-dividend adjustments, which leads to a decrease in index levels and consequently deepens backwardation [31][34]. - The article also points out that for small-cap indices, the impact of dividends is minimal, and deeper backwardation is primarily driven by supply-demand dynamics in the futures market [38]. - It advises investors to avoid neutral strategies when annualized backwardation exceeds 15% [39].

Core Insights - Temasek Holdings is facing increased hedging costs due to a weakening US dollar, which poses significant challenges for overseas investors [1] - The company is shifting towards natural hedging by seeking investments that can provide sufficiently high net expected returns to justify the risks taken [1] - Despite the dollar's decline, the US remains a primary investment destination for many large institutions and asset managers [4] Investment Strategy - As of March 31, Temasek's investment portfolio in the Americas accounted for nearly one-quarter of its total S$434 billion (approximately US$333 billion) [4] - The company has committed to investing US$30 billion in the US over the next five years, indicating a strong focus on American markets [4] - Temasek achieved an annual total shareholder return of 11.8% for the last fiscal year, with a ten-year return rate of 5% [4] Market Dynamics - The media's US dollar index has decreased by nearly 7% this year, and the dollar has depreciated about 5% against the Singapore dollar, affecting returns for non-dollar-based investors [1] - The CEO highlighted that markets like India and China lack the capacity to absorb the large amounts of capital that may flow out of the US [4] - Many alternative asset classes, from commodities to infrastructure, are predominantly dollar-denominated, complicating the capital shift [4]

Group 1 - The macro growth factor continues to rise, while inflation indicators show a weakening rebound, with domestic CPI turning negative at -0.4% and PPI's decline narrowing to -2.9%, indicating persistent internal demand issues [4] - The Federal Reserve's interest rate cut expectations are driving upward global liquidity expectations, benefiting Asian equity markets, with the Korean Composite Index rising by 5.94% and the Hang Seng Tech Index by 5.31% [4][9] - The A-share market shows a preference for growth styles, with the Sci-Tech 50 Index increasing by 5.48%, while small-cap indices outperform large-cap blue chips [4] Group 2 - Recommendations for asset allocation include favoring high-grade credit bonds in the bond market, adjusting duration flexibly, and focusing on bank and insurance sector movements [5] - In the overseas equity market, the report suggests monitoring interest rate-sensitive sectors due to limited short-term rebound potential for the dollar and significantly raised interest rate cut expectations [5] - For gold, it is recommended to increase allocations to gold and silver as they are core assets during the interest rate cut cycle, with expectations for Shanghai gold to break previous highs [5] Group 3 - The report indicates that the overall liquidity environment remains supportive for market valuation recovery and structural trends, with a significant decrease in average daily trading volume in the A-share market [56] - The A-share valuation levels have increased, with the price-to-earnings ratio rising to 50.38 times and the price-to-book ratio reaching 5.60 times, suggesting that market expectations for future corporate earnings may be overly optimistic [60] - The report highlights that the earnings expectations for A-shares are weaker than historical averages, with a projected rolling one-year earnings growth rate of 10.3% and revenue growth rate of 5.9% [61]

Core Insights - Bloomberg is the first global index provider to include Chinese bonds in mainstream global indices, offering a unique perspective on the Chinese bond market [1] - The Bloomberg China Aggregate Index recorded a return of -0.01% in May, with a year-to-date return of 0.41% [3][5] - The Chinese government bonds and policy bank bonds index saw a return of -0.14% in May, with a year-to-date return of 0.28% in local currency [3][5] Index Performance - The China Aggregate Index (I08271CN) had a 1-day return of 0.06%, a month-to-date return of -0.01%, and a year-to-date return of 0.41% [5] - The China Treasury and Policy Banks Index (I32561CN) recorded a 1-day return of 0.10%, a month-to-date return of -0.14%, and a year-to-date return of 0.28% [5] - The China Corporate Index (I08275CN) achieved a year-to-date return of 0.76% [5] Market Trends - The Asian emerging market high-yield dollar bond index spread narrowed by nearly 130 basis points from the April peak of 5.63%, leading to a 1.42% increase in the index for May [9] - The yield curve of U.S. Treasuries is experiencing a "bull steepening," which may increase the hedging costs for RMB southbound investors in the dollar bond market [9] - Despite rising hedging costs in 2025, dollar bonds still offer a yield advantage of 44.5 basis points compared to the domestic market priced in RMB [9]