Core Viewpoint - The article discusses different levels of stock investment strategies and introduces the concept of market-neutral strategies as a way to mitigate market volatility and enhance returns [2][21]. Group 1: Investment Strategies - There are three levels of investment strategies: 1. **Beginner Level**: Randomly selecting stocks, which can lead to high volatility and uncertain profits [5][7]. 2. **Intermediate Level**: Selecting stocks based on specific criteria, such as market capitalization, which reduces volatility compared to individual stocks [9][11]. 3. **Advanced Level**: Selecting stocks from a pool based on multiple criteria, often using quantitative strategies to achieve excess returns [13][15]. Group 2: Market-Neutral Strategies - Market-neutral strategies involve going long on stocks expected to outperform the market while simultaneously shorting core indices using stock index futures [23][24][26]. - The cost of hedging in these strategies is referred to as the basis, which is the difference between spot prices and futures prices [28][33]. - In the domestic market, a common situation is that the spot price exceeds the futures price, leading to a state known as contango [30]. - An example illustrates the potential outcomes of a market-neutral strategy based on the relationship between spot and futures prices at expiration [34][36].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the performance and mechanics of quantitative neutral strategies, emphasizing their ability to generate returns independent of market fluctuations while also highlighting the associated risks and costs involved in their execution [2][3][9]. Group 1: Mechanics of Neutral Strategies - Neutral strategies aim to achieve returns that are not correlated with market movements by going long on stocks and shorting index futures, effectively hedging market risk and capturing stock selection alpha [3]. - The concept of "basis" is crucial, as it represents the difference between futures and spot prices. A negative basis (contango) increases the cost of hedging for new positions, while a positive basis (backwardation) reduces costs [5][8]. - The performance of neutral strategies is significantly influenced by the basis level at the time of position establishment, impacting overall profitability [8]. Group 2: Historical Performance - Neutral strategies have shown positive returns from 2019 to 2024, with notable annual variations. For instance, they achieved double-digit returns in 2019 and 2020, but faced challenges in 2024, with a year-to-date return of -2.60% as of October [9][10]. - The article provides a detailed performance table for various strategies from 2019 to 2024, indicating that while some strategies performed well, others struggled, particularly in 2024 due to market volatility and extreme conditions [10]. Group 3: Market Conditions and Timing - The article suggests that the success of neutral strategies is contingent upon market conditions, particularly the availability of excess returns and the level of basis costs. Favorable conditions include high trading volumes and volatility, which enhance the potential for excess returns [15]. - The recent market conditions in 2024, characterized by extreme price movements and liquidity crises, have adversely affected neutral strategies, leading to significant drawdowns [13][14]. - The article concludes that timing is essential when investing in neutral products, as entering during periods of high basis costs can lead to unfavorable outcomes [15].

Report Industry Investment Ratings - Bullish: Aluminum, Palm Oil, Soybean Oil, Rapeseed Oil [1] - Bearish: Coke, Coking Coal, BR Rubber [1] - Neutral: Gold, Silver, Copper, Alumina, Nickel, Stainless Steel, Tin, Industrial Silicon, Polysilicon, Lithium Carbonate, Rebar, Hot Rolled Coil, Iron Ore, Ferro - Silicon, Glass, Soda Ash, Cotton, Pulp, Crude Oil, Asphalt, Shanghai Rubber, PTA, Ethylene Glycol, Short Fiber, Pure Benzene, Styrene, PP, PVC, Aluminum Oxide, LPG, Container Shipping European Line [1] Core Views - Geopolitical conflicts are intensifying, and options tools can be used to hedge uncertainties [1] - Asset shortage and weak economy are beneficial to bond futures, but the central bank has recently warned of interest - rate risks, suppressing the upward trend [1] - The situation has slightly eased, and the gold price may return to a volatile state in the short term; the long - term upward logic remains solid [1] - The market should pay attention to tariff - related developments and domestic and foreign economic data changes due to the repeated market sentiment affected by the Middle East geopolitical risks and the resilience of China's May economic data [1] Summaries by Industry Categories Macro - finance - Asset shortage and weak economy are favorable for bond futures, but short - term central bank warnings on interest - rate risks suppress the upward movement [1] Non - ferrous metals - Copper: Market risk appetite has declined, downstream demand has entered the off - season, and there is a risk of price correction after the copper price has risen [1] - Aluminum: Domestic electrolytic aluminum inventory has continued to decline, and the risk of a short squeeze still exists, with the aluminum price remaining strong; alumina spot price is relatively stable, while the futures price is weak, and the futures discount is obvious [1] - Nickel: The Middle East geopolitical risk persists, and the domestic May economic data shows resilience. The nickel price is in a short - term weak shock, and there is still pressure from the long - term surplus of primary nickel [1] - Stainless steel: The price of nickel iron has fallen, steel mill price limits are fluctuating, spot sales are weak, and social inventory has slightly increased. The short - term futures price is in a weak shock, and there is still long - term supply pressure [1] - Tin: The supply contradiction of tin ore has intensified in the short term, and the increase in Wa State's tin ore production still takes time, so the short - term tin price is in a high - level shock [1] Energy and chemicals - Crude oil: Geopolitical tensions are easing, and the price has fallen. The chemical industry as a whole has followed the decline in the crude oil price [1] - PTA: The spot basis remains strong, PXN is expected to be compressed due to the delay of Northeast PX device maintenance and market rumors of the postponement of Zhejiang reforming device maintenance [1] - Ethylene Glycol: It continues to reduce inventory, and the arrival volume will decrease. Polyester production cuts have an impact on the market [1] - Short fiber: In the case of a high basis, the cost is closely related to the price. Short - fiber factories have started maintenance plans [1] - Pure benzene and styrene: The price of pure benzene has started to weaken, the load of styrene devices has increased, and the basis has also weakened [1] - PP: The price is in a volatile and slightly downward trend, with limited support from maintenance [1] - PVC: After the end of maintenance and the commissioning of new devices, the downstream enters the seasonal off - season, and the supply pressure increases [1] - Alumina: The electricity price has dropped, and non - aluminum demand is weaker than last year. The market is trading the price - cut expectation in advance [1] - LPG: Geopolitical sentiment has eased, and the price premium is expected to be repaired [1] Agricultural products - Palm oil, soybean oil, and rapeseed oil: The US biodiesel RVO quota proposal exceeds market expectations, which may tighten the global oil supply - demand situation, and they are considered bullish in the short term [1] - Cotton: There are short - term disturbances in US cotton, and the long - term macro uncertainty is strong. The domestic cotton price is expected to be in a weak shock [1] - Sugar: Brazil's 2025/26 sugar production is expected to reach a record high, but the oil price may affect the sugar production through the sugar - alcohol ratio [1] - Corn: The overall supply - demand situation in the corn year is tight, and the short - term price is expected to be in a shock [1] - Bean粕: Before the release of the USDA planting area report at the end of the month, the futures price is expected to be in a shock [1] - Pulp: The current demand is light, but the downward space is limited, and it is recommended to wait and see [1] - Hog: The inventory is being repaired, the slaughter weight is increasing, and the futures price is relatively stable [1] Others - Container Shipping European Line: There is a situation of strong expectation and weak reality. The peak - season contracts can be lightly tested for long positions, and attention should be paid to arbitrage opportunities [1]

Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information about the industry investment rating in the provided content. Core Viewpoints - The sentiment towards copper is neutral, with short - term prices expected to oscillate at high levels due to factors such as raw material supply tightness, weakening consumption resilience, high near - month contract positions, and increased export expectations [1]. - Aluminum prices are expected to fluctuate weakly, supported by inventory depletion but pressured by tariff hikes and seasonal demand weakness [3]. - Lead prices are likely to remain weak as downstream consumption weakens despite potential small rebounds driven by a warmer commodity market [4]. - Zinc prices face significant downward risks due to oversupply and weak terminal consumption, despite possible small rebounds from a warmer market [6]. - Tin prices are supported by supply uncertainties and strong low - price buying demand, with the supply side facing short - term uncertainties [7]. - Nickel's short - term fundamentals show a slight improvement, but the long - term outlook is bearish, and it is advisable to short on rebounds [8]. - Lithium carbonate prices are expected to oscillate at the bottom as the short - term fundamentals remain unchanged and the inventory pressure persists [10]. - Alumina prices are expected to be anchored by costs, and it is recommended to short on high prices as the capacity surplus persists [13]. - Stainless steel market will continue to be under pressure in the short term due to high inventory, weak demand, and other negative factors [15]. Summary by Metals Copper - Last week, LME copper rose 1.83% to $9670/ton, and SHFE copper closed at 78620 yuan/ton. Three - exchange inventories decreased by 0.9 tons, with different trends in each exchange. The import loss of spot copper widened, and the export window for spot feed - processing opened. The short - term price is expected to oscillate between 77200 - 79200 yuan/ton for SHFE copper and 9450 - 9800 dollars/ton for LME copper [1]. Aluminum - Last week, SHFE aluminum closed flat, and LME aluminum rose 0.12% to $2451/ton. Domestic aluminum ingot inventories continued to decline, and the spot basis decreased. The supply increased slightly, and demand weakened. The price is expected to fluctuate between 19800 - 20200 yuan/ton for SHFE aluminum and 2380 - 2500 dollars/ton for LME aluminum [3]. Lead - As of Friday, SHFE lead index rose 0.49% to 16775 yuan/ton, and LME lead 3S rose to $1990.5/ton. Fed's dovish remarks and strong non - farm data may drive a small rebound, but weak downstream consumption and high inventories will keep prices weak [4]. Zinc - As of Friday, SHFE zinc index rose 0.14% to 22289 yuan/ton, and LME zinc 3S fell to $2690/ton. A warmer market may cause a small rebound, but oversupply and weak consumption pose significant downward risks [6]. Tin - Last week, tin prices rebounded from the bottom. Supply may face a 500 - 1000 - ton reduction in June, and smelters plan to cut production. Demand has not increased significantly, and downstream purchasing enthusiasm declines as prices rise. The price is expected to range from 230000 - 260000 yuan/ton domestically and 28000 - 31000 dollars/ton overseas [7]. Nickel - Last week, nickel prices oscillated. Nickel ore supply is tight, nickel - iron prices rebounded, MHP prices are high, and nickel sulfate prices may strengthen. The short - term outlook is slightly better, but the long - term is bearish. The price is expected to range from 115000 - 128000 yuan/ton for SHFE nickel [8]. Lithium Carbonate - The MMLC index was flat on Friday, and the futures contract rebounded slightly. The current lithium salt production is high, and the inventory pressure persists. The price is expected to oscillate at the bottom, with the main contract ranging from 59520 - 61540 yuan/ton [10]. Alumina - On June 6, the alumina index fell 1.36% to 2899 yuan/ton. The import window opened, and the inventory decreased. Due to capacity surplus, prices are expected to be cost - anchored, and it is recommended to short on high prices. The main contract AO2509 is expected to range from 2800 - 3200 yuan/ton [13]. Stainless Steel - On Friday, the stainless - steel main contract closed at 12680 yuan/ton. Spot prices were mostly stable, and inventories increased. The market will continue to be under pressure due to high inventory, weak demand, and other factors [15].

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods Model Name: IC Hedging Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: The strategy is based on the analysis of basis convergence factors and optimization strategies as discussed in the Cinda Derivatives Research Report Series III[45] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: July 22, 2022, to June 6, 2025[46] - **Spot End**: Hold the total return index of the corresponding underlying index[46] - **Futures End**: Use 70% of the funds for the spot end and short the same nominal principal amount of CSI 500 index futures contracts, occupying the remaining 30% of the funds[46] - **Rebalancing Rules**: Continuously hold the quarterly/monthly contracts until the remaining days to maturity are less than 2 days, then close the position at the closing price of the day and short the next quarterly/monthly contract at the closing price of the day[46] - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy performed well with positive weekly returns due to the expansion of the basis discount[49] Model Name: IF Hedging Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: Similar to the IC Hedging Strategy, based on basis convergence factors and optimization strategies[45] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: July 22, 2022, to June 6, 2025[50] - **Spot End**: Hold the total return index of the corresponding underlying index[50] - **Futures End**: Use 70% of the funds for the spot end and short the same nominal principal amount of CSI 300 index futures contracts, occupying the remaining 30% of the funds[50] - **Rebalancing Rules**: Continuously hold the quarterly/monthly contracts until the remaining days to maturity are less than 2 days, then close the position at the closing price of the day and short the next quarterly/monthly contract at the closing price of the day[50] - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy performed well with positive weekly returns due to the expansion of the basis discount[54] Model Name: IH Hedging Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: Similar to the IC Hedging Strategy, based on basis convergence factors and optimization strategies[45] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: July 22, 2022, to June 6, 2025[55] - **Spot End**: Hold the total return index of the corresponding underlying index[55] - **Futures End**: Use 70% of the funds for the spot end and short the same nominal principal amount of SSE 50 index futures contracts, occupying the remaining 30% of the funds[55] - **Rebalancing Rules**: Continuously hold the quarterly/monthly contracts until the remaining days to maturity are less than 2 days, then close the position at the closing price of the day and short the next quarterly/monthly contract at the closing price of the day[55] - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy performed well with positive weekly returns due to the expansion of the basis discount[58] Model Name: IM Hedging Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: Similar to the IC Hedging Strategy, based on basis convergence factors and optimization strategies[45] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: July 22, 2022, to June 6, 2025[59] - **Spot End**: Hold the total return index of the corresponding underlying index[59] - **Futures End**: Use 70% of the funds for the spot end and short the same nominal principal amount of CSI 1000 index futures contracts, occupying the remaining 30% of the funds[59] - **Rebalancing Rules**: Continuously hold the quarterly/monthly contracts until the remaining days to maturity are less than 2 days, then close the position at the closing price of the day and short the next quarterly/monthly contract at the closing price of the day[59] - **Model Evaluation**: The strategy performed well with positive weekly returns due to the expansion of the basis discount[60] Model Backtesting Results - **IC Hedging Strategy**: - Annualized Return: -2.65% (monthly continuous), -1.77% (quarterly continuous), -0.74% (minimum discount strategy)[49] - Volatility: 3.91% (monthly continuous), 4.81% (quarterly continuous), 4.73% (minimum discount strategy)[49] - Maximum Drawdown: -7.51% (monthly continuous), -8.34% (quarterly continuous), -7.97% (minimum discount strategy)[49] - Net Value: 0.9264 (monthly continuous), 0.9504 (quarterly continuous), 0.9792 (minimum discount strategy)[49] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly continuous), 4 (quarterly continuous), 17.55 (minimum discount strategy)[49] - 2025 YTD Return: -2.82% (monthly continuous), -0.36% (quarterly continuous), 0.04% (minimum discount strategy)[49] - **IF Hedging Strategy**: - Annualized Return: 0.63% (monthly continuous), 0.92% (quarterly continuous), 1.46% (minimum discount strategy)[54] - Volatility: 3.05% (monthly continuous), 3.40% (quarterly continuous), 3.19% (minimum discount strategy)[54] - Maximum Drawdown: -3.95% (monthly continuous), -4.03% (quarterly continuous), -4.06% (minimum discount strategy)[54] - Net Value: 1.0181 (monthly continuous), 1.0264 (quarterly continuous), 1.0421 (minimum discount strategy)[54] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly continuous), 4 (quarterly continuous), 15.10 (minimum discount strategy)[54] - 2025 YTD Return: -0.53% (monthly continuous), 0.65% (quarterly continuous), 0.85% (minimum discount strategy)[54] - **IH Hedging Strategy**: - Annualized Return: 1.17% (monthly continuous), 2.11% (quarterly continuous), 1.83% (minimum discount strategy)[58] - Volatility: 3.17% (monthly continuous), 3.59% (quarterly continuous), 3.18% (minimum discount strategy)[58] - Maximum Drawdown: -4.22% (monthly continuous), -3.75% (quarterly continuous), -3.91% (minimum discount strategy)[58] - Net Value: 1.0337 (monthly continuous), 1.0613 (quarterly continuous), 1.0529 (minimum discount strategy)[58] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly continuous), 4 (quarterly continuous), 16.15 (minimum discount strategy)[58] - 2025 YTD Return: 0.29% (monthly continuous), 1.19% (quarterly continuous), 1.17% (minimum discount strategy)[58] - **IM Hedging Strategy**: - Annualized Return: -5.86% (monthly continuous), -4.16% (quarterly continuous), -3.46% (minimum discount strategy)[60] - Volatility: 4.75% (monthly continuous), 5.80% (quarterly continuous), 5.61% (minimum discount strategy)[60] - Maximum Drawdown: -14.00% (monthly continuous), -12.63% (quarterly continuous), -11.11% (minimum discount strategy)[60] - Net Value: 0.8528 (monthly continuous), 0.8839 (quarterly continuous), 0.9006 (minimum discount strategy)[60] - Annual Turnover: 12 (monthly continuous), 4 (quarterly continuous), 16.02 (minimum discount strategy)[60] - 2025 YTD Return: -7.89% (monthly continuous), -2.89% (quarterly continuous), -1.81% (minimum discount strategy)[60] Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods Factor Name: Cinda-VIX - **Factor Construction Idea**: Reflects the market's expectation of future volatility of the underlying asset, with a term structure to reflect expectations over different periods[63] - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Algorithm Basis**: Based on the methodology discussed in the Cinda Derivatives Research Report Series IV[63] - **Current Values**: As of June 6, 2025, the 30-day VIX values for SSE 50, CSI 300, CSI 500, and CSI 1000 are 17.19, 16.45, 22.33, and 22.89, respectively[63] Factor Name: Cinda-SKEW - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the skewness of implied volatility (IV) of options with different strike prices, indicating market expectations of extreme events[68] - **Factor Construction Process**: - **Algorithm Basis**: Captures the skewness in IV to reflect market expectations of future returns distribution[68] - **Current Values**: As of June 6, 2025, the SKEW values for SSE

Quantitative Models and Construction Methods 1. Model Name: Continuous Hedging Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: This strategy is based on the convergence of basis in stock index futures and aims to optimize hedging performance by continuously rolling over contracts[47][48] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: July 22, 2022, to May 16, 2025[48] - **Spot Side**: Hold the total return index of the corresponding underlying index[48] - **Futures Side**: Use 70% of the funds for the spot side and the remaining 30% for shorting futures contracts with the same nominal principal[48] - **Rebalancing Rules**: Continuously hold the current month/quarter contracts until two days before expiration, then roll over to the next contract at the closing price[48] - **Assumptions**: No transaction fees, impact costs, or indivisibility of futures contracts are considered[48] 2. Model Name: Minimum Basis Strategy - **Model Construction Idea**: This strategy selects futures contracts with the smallest annualized basis discount to optimize hedging performance[49] - **Model Construction Process**: - **Backtesting Period**: July 22, 2022, to May 16, 2025[49] - **Spot Side**: Hold the total return index of the corresponding underlying index[49] - **Futures Side**: Use 70% of the funds for the spot side and the remaining 30% for shorting futures contracts with the same nominal principal[49] - **Rebalancing Rules**: Calculate the annualized basis for all tradable futures contracts and select the one with the smallest discount. Contracts are held for at least eight trading days or until two days before expiration[49] - **Assumptions**: No transaction fees, impact costs, or indivisibility of futures contracts are considered[49] --- Model Backtesting Results 1. Continuous Hedging Strategy - **IC (CSI 500 Futures)**: - Annualized Return: -2.45% (current month), -1.66% (quarterly), -0.66% (minimum basis)[51] - Volatility: 3.94% (current month), 4.85% (quarterly), 4.76% (minimum basis)[51] - Maximum Drawdown: -7.51% (current month), -8.34% (quarterly), -7.97% (minimum basis)[51] - Net Value: 0.9331 (current month), 0.9543 (quarterly), 0.9818 (minimum basis)[51] - **IF (CSI 300 Futures)**: - Annualized Return: 0.76% (current month), 1.01% (quarterly), 1.59% (minimum basis)[56] - Volatility: 3.08% (current month), 3.42% (quarterly), 3.21% (minimum basis)[56] - Maximum Drawdown: -3.95% (current month), -4.03% (quarterly), -4.06% (minimum basis)[56] - Net Value: 1.0212 (current month), 1.0286 (quarterly), 1.0450 (minimum basis)[56] - **IH (SSE 50 Futures)**: - Annualized Return: 1.20% (current month), 2.13% (quarterly), 1.84% (minimum basis)[60] - Volatility: 3.19% (current month), 3.62% (quarterly), 3.21% (minimum basis)[60] - Maximum Drawdown: -4.22% (current month), -3.75% (quarterly), -3.91% (minimum basis)[60] - Net Value: 1.0339 (current month), 1.0605 (quarterly), 1.0521 (minimum basis)[60] - **IM (CSI 1000 Futures)**: - Annualized Return: -5.28% (current month), -3.88% (quarterly), -3.23% (minimum basis)[62] - Volatility: 4.35% (current month), 5.45% (quarterly), 5.31% (minimum basis)[62] - Maximum Drawdown: -14.36% (current month), -12.63% (quarterly), -11.11% (minimum basis)[62] - Net Value: 0.8595 (current month), 0.8953 (quarterly), 0.9124 (minimum basis)[62] --- Quantitative Factors and Construction Methods 1. Factor Name: Cinda-VIX - **Factor Construction Idea**: Reflects investors' expectations of future volatility in the options market, with a term structure to capture different time horizons[65] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Based on methodologies from international markets, adjusted for China's on-exchange options market[65] - Calculated using implied volatilities from options with different maturities[65] - **Factor Evaluation**: Provides insights into market sentiment and volatility expectations[65] 2. Factor Name: Cinda-SKEW - **Factor Construction Idea**: Measures the skewness in implied volatility across different strike prices, capturing market expectations of extreme tail risks[74] - **Factor Construction Process**: - Analyzes the slope of implied volatility curves for options with varying strike prices[74] - Higher SKEW values indicate increased demand for out-of-the-money options, reflecting heightened tail risk concerns[75] - **Factor Evaluation**: Useful for assessing market sentiment and potential "black swan" events[75] --- Factor Backtesting Results 1. Cinda-VIX - **30-Day VIX Values**: - SSE 50: 19.24[65] - CSI 300: 19.19[65] - CSI 500: 22.56[65] - CSI 1000: 26.89[65] 2. Cinda-SKEW - **SKEW Values**: - SSE 50: 100.71[75] - CSI 300: 103.73[75] - CSI 500: 98.73[75] - CSI 1000: 107.96[75]