Core Insights - The article discusses the recent seizure of a tanker by the French Navy, which is part of Russia's "shadow fleet" that evades sanctions by frequently changing flags and names [1][3] - The European Union (EU) is responding to the challenges posed by this shadow fleet by implementing stricter measures and seeking unified enforcement among member states [5][7] Group 1: Shadow Fleet Overview - The "shadow fleet" concept emerged in 2022 after the EU imposed an oil embargo on Russia, leading to the creation of a fleet that primarily consists of older vessels lacking proper insurance [3] - Approximately 70% of Russian crude oil exports in 2023 relied on this shadow fleet, undermining the effectiveness of the EU's oil embargo [3] Group 2: EU's Response and Measures - The EU has increased sanctions against Russian-affiliated tankers, adding 189 vessels to the sanctions list, bringing the total to 342 by May 2025 [5] - The shadow fleet's size is estimated to be between 600 and 1,400 vessels, prompting discussions among EU member states for a coordinated response rather than isolated actions [5][7] Group 3: Unified Enforcement and Flag States - A key proposal is for EU member states to sign a declaration allowing Brussels to negotiate "pre-authorization boarding inspection agreements" with flag states [7] - The EU is focusing on "flag of convenience" countries like Panama, Liberia, and the Marshall Islands, which have lax registration processes, to enhance compliance with sanctions [7][9] Group 4: Economic Implications - If the EU successfully restricts the shadow fleet's operations, it could significantly reduce Russia's energy revenue, increasing economic pressure on the country [9] - The EU must balance its sanctions with its own energy security and economic stability, as disruptions in the global oil market could exacerbate inflation and living costs within EU member states [9][11] Group 5: Internal EU Dynamics - Diverging interests among EU member states complicate the implementation of sanctions, with some countries cautious about escalating measures due to their economic ties with Russia [11] - The cooperation of "flag of convenience" countries will be crucial, as they seek to maintain their registration income while not alienating the EU [11]

Group 1 - Ukrainian President Zelensky warns Europe about recent drone incursions, indicating that Russia is seeking to "escalate" its aggression, and expresses Ukraine's willingness to share its wartime experiences to help Europe address this threat [1][3] - The warning comes after a summit attended by nearly 50 European leaders, following drone incidents in Denmark and incursions into the airspace of Estonia and Poland, raising concerns that "Russia's attacks on Ukraine may spread to the European borders" [1] - Zelensky emphasizes that the recent drone incidents across Europe demonstrate that Russia still has sufficient power to escalate the war, and that the conflict has never been solely about Ukraine, but rather aims to divide Western nations and Europe [1] Group 2 - Russian President Putin denies the accusations, claiming that Russia is closely monitoring Europe's increasing militarization and will respond significantly, while accusing Europe of creating "panic" to justify increased military spending [3] - European leaders are eager to learn from Ukraine's wartime experiences to enhance their own defense capabilities and are discussing plans to establish a "drone defense wall" against threats from Russia [3] - French President Macron calls for a stronger stance from Western nations against the drone threat from Russia, stating that any drone violating their territory will face significant risks and will be destroyed [5] Group 3 - Romania's Prime Minister warns that the country has repeatedly detected Russian drones entering its airspace from Ukraine and will take measures to shoot them down if further incursions occur [7] - As the Russia-Ukraine conflict enters its fourth year, Europe continues to pressure Russia while seeking financial support for Ukraine, with Macron highlighting the importance of increasing pressure on the "shadow fleet" used by Russia to bypass oil export restrictions [7] - The EU is discussing a proposal to use frozen Russian assets to fund a new €140 billion loan for Ukraine, with supporters arguing that this should be funded by Russia rather than European taxpayers, although Belgium opposes the proposal due to concerns about investor confidence and potential Russian retaliation [7][8]

Group 1 - The European Union has officially approved its 18th round of sanctions against Russia, marking one of the most severe sanction packages to date, aimed at reducing the Kremlin's war budget [1] - The sanctions include measures against 105 vessels of the "shadow fleet" used by Russia to evade Western sanctions, restrictions on financing for Russian banks, and a ban on activities related to the Nord Stream gas pipeline [1] - A key measure in this round of sanctions is the reduction of the price cap on Russian oil from $60 per barrel to $47.6, with future evaluations every six months to ensure it remains 15% below the market average [1][2] Group 2 - The sanctions also target the core of Russia's war machine, including the banking, energy, and military industries, and introduce a new dynamic oil price cap mechanism [1] - Slovakia, which had previously opposed the sanctions due to concerns over its economy, has now agreed to support the measures after receiving assurances from the EU regarding potential gas shortages and price increases [2]

波兰总理：俄罗斯船只是影子舰队的一部分。 ...