关于影子舰队的新数据显示，越来越多的油轮正在通过将其注册旗帜改为俄罗斯来寻求莫斯科的保护。 美国扣押运载受制裁委内瑞拉石油的船只，进一步加速了这一趋势。 美国总统特朗普表示，在控制委内瑞拉总统马杜罗后，美国石油公司将向委内瑞拉能源部门投资数十亿 美元。据报道，雪佛龙（Chevron）、康菲石油（ConocoPhillips）和埃克森美孚（ExxonMobil）计划在 本周晚些时候与特朗普政府会面。特朗普还表示，这些大型石油公司要么"由我们报销，要么通过收入 获得补偿"。 "过去一个月，我们看到船只加速转向悬挂俄罗斯国旗，"《劳氏日报》（Lloyd's List）的主编Richard Meade表示，"仅在过去几周内，就有17艘影子舰队油轮更换了旗帜，加入了俄罗斯船籍。" 最新一艘备受瞩目的、新注册在俄罗斯旗下的受制裁船只是Bella 1号，这艘油轮在前往委内瑞拉装载受 制裁原油的途中，于去年12月20日被美国拦截。 当时，Bella 1号注册在虚假的圭亚那旗帜下。根据《劳氏日报》的消息，2025年12月31日，俄罗斯通知 美国，该船已更名为Marinera号，并将注册地改为俄罗斯。该船随后离开了加勒比海。 根 ...

据央视新闻，当地时间12月18日，总台记者获悉，俄罗斯总统新闻秘书佩斯科夫表示，乌克兰问题的解决方案可能存在"多种 经济议题"。他强调，不希望透露更多细节，因为"调解工作应当是安静、非公开地进行"。 图片来源：央视新闻 图片来源：央视新闻 据央视新闻，当地时间12月18日，总台记者获悉，一名涉嫌参与破坏"北溪"天然气管道的乌克兰籍嫌疑人近日被证实案发时为 乌军某特种部队现役士兵。一份乌克兰国防部文件以及一名前乌军军官均证实了这一点。 佩斯科夫还表示，俄罗斯对重返七国集团不感兴趣，并认为该集团模式已经过时。 俄罗斯总统普京近日表示，他并不希望俄罗斯重新加入七国集团。普京还表示，当前的七国集团在全球经济中所占的份额在 不断下降，而且这一趋势还将继续下去。 七国集团成员包括美国、英国、法国、德国、意大利、加拿大和日本，1997年因俄罗斯加入而扩张为八国集团。2014年，原 七国集团成员拒绝以八国集团形式举行会议，并重新举办七国集团峰会。 "北溪"爆炸案一嫌犯身份曝光：案发时为乌军现役士兵 欧盟宣布制裁俄"影子舰队"41艘船只 据悉，乌克兰国防部在一封致乌克兰议会人权事务专员的信函中指出，上述嫌疑人于2022年8月1 ...

另一份公告中，欧盟理事会新增12名个人和2家实体至制裁名单。欧盟称，俄罗斯持续进 行"混合威胁"行动，对欧盟及其成员国和伙伴实施信息操纵和干扰，并从事恶意网络活 动。 欧盟宣布对俄"影子舰队"相关方实施新制裁。 欧 盟 理 事 会 15 日 发 布 两 份 公 告 ， 宣 布 就 俄 罗 斯 " 影 子 舰 队 " 相 关 活 动 以 及 俄 方 " 混 合 威 胁"分别采取新一轮制裁措施。 公告称，欧盟当天新增制裁5名个人和4家实体，认为其支持俄罗斯"影子舰队"及其价值 链运作。 欧盟称，相关个人与俄罗斯石油公司、俄卢克石油公司存在直接或间接关联。上述人员控 制用于运输俄原油或石油产品的船只，通过掩盖油品真实来源、采取"异常和高风险"的 航运做法等方式规避监管。 被制裁实体为位于阿联酋、越南和俄罗斯的航运公司。欧盟称，这些公司拥有或管理的油 轮此前已因涉及"影子舰队"而被欧盟或其他国家列入制裁清单。 欧盟称，被列名对象将面临资产冻结，欧盟公民和企业被禁止向其提供资金，相关个人还 将被实施入境和过境禁令。 来源：新华社 End 欢迎分享给你的朋友！ 出品 | 中国能源报（c n e n e rg y） 编辑丨 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent Ukrainian drone attack on oil tankers in the Black Sea has significantly impacted global shipping and energy markets, leading to increased insurance costs and oil prices, while raising concerns about the safety of this crucial shipping route [1]. Group 1: Impact on Shipping Industry - The attack has caused widespread panic in the Black Sea shipping industry, with insurance costs skyrocketing from 0.3%-0.5% to 1.2%-1.5% since the onset of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and a single voyage insurance premium increasing by approximately $3 million [3][5]. - Over 70% of shipowners have added clauses to their contracts requiring an additional safety premium of $500,000 to $1 million per voyage, leading to a 20% decrease in transportation efficiency in the region [5][7]. - The number of oil tankers stranded in the Black Sea has surged from 12 to 28, resulting in significant financial losses for shipping companies [5][11]. Group 2: Economic Implications - The attack on the "shadow fleet" vessels, which are crucial for Russian oil transport, has disrupted operations that account for $30 billion in annual foreign exchange income for Russia [11][13]. - Historical precedents indicate that increased shipping costs due to such attacks will ultimately be passed on to consumers, as seen during the Somali pirate crisis and the Suez Canal blockage in 2021 [15][17]. - The Black Sea is vital for global oil supply, with 2% of the world's daily oil supply transported through this route, emphasizing the broader economic ramifications of the attack [17]. Group 3: Geopolitical Context - The Ukrainian attack is part of a strategy to target Russia's oil transport capabilities, highlighting the complexities of modern warfare where military actions extend into civilian shipping domains [9][17]. - The situation underscores the interconnectedness of global economies, suggesting that no nation can remain unaffected by conflicts in a globalized world, and emphasizes the need for diplomatic solutions to restore shipping safety [17].

Core Viewpoint - The recent drone attacks by Ukraine on the oil tankers "Kairos" and "Vilat" near the Turkish Strait may signify a new phase in the conflict, where Ukraine directly targets Russia's "shadow fleet" to weaken its oil export capabilities [3][26]. Group 1: Attack Details - On November 28, Ukraine's drones attacked the oil tankers "Kairos" and "Vilat," causing significant damage [3][26]. - The attacked tankers are part of Russia's "shadow fleet," which was formed to circumvent sanctions by modifying old tankers and frequently changing their flags and ownership [6][29]. Group 2: Economic Implications - Oil exports are one of the few remaining economic lifelines for Russia, and disrupting this channel could make the war increasingly difficult for them [6][29]. - Ukraine's recent attacks, including those on Novorossiysk, aim to increase pressure on Russia by targeting its critical oil export routes [6][29]. Group 3: International Reactions - Only three countries protested the attacks: Russia, Kazakhstan, and Turkey. Kazakhstan's protest is due to its reliance on Russian ports for 80% of its oil exports [8][31]. - Turkey's protest is seen as a routine response, as the attack occurred in its exclusive economic zone, posing threats to navigation, property, and the environment [9][31]. Group 4: Military Context - Russia's Black Sea Fleet is currently underperforming, with limited naval capabilities and a lack of air superiority in the region [12][25]. - The fleet consists of outdated vessels, including two 1135.6M-class frigates and several smaller ships, which are insufficient for effective escort duties without land-based air support [14][45]. Group 5: Future Outlook - Ukraine may escalate its attacks to completely block Russia's oil exports from the Black Sea, potentially leading to a more challenging situation for Russia [10][32]. - Russia's options to change the situation rely heavily on military force, but the current state of its Black Sea Fleet limits its effectiveness [12][34].

Core Insights - The article discusses the recent seizure of a tanker by the French Navy, which is part of Russia's "shadow fleet" that evades sanctions by frequently changing flags and names [1][3] - The European Union (EU) is responding to the challenges posed by this shadow fleet by implementing stricter measures and seeking unified enforcement among member states [5][7] Group 1: Shadow Fleet Overview - The "shadow fleet" concept emerged in 2022 after the EU imposed an oil embargo on Russia, leading to the creation of a fleet that primarily consists of older vessels lacking proper insurance [3] - Approximately 70% of Russian crude oil exports in 2023 relied on this shadow fleet, undermining the effectiveness of the EU's oil embargo [3] Group 2: EU's Response and Measures - The EU has increased sanctions against Russian-affiliated tankers, adding 189 vessels to the sanctions list, bringing the total to 342 by May 2025 [5] - The shadow fleet's size is estimated to be between 600 and 1,400 vessels, prompting discussions among EU member states for a coordinated response rather than isolated actions [5][7] Group 3: Unified Enforcement and Flag States - A key proposal is for EU member states to sign a declaration allowing Brussels to negotiate "pre-authorization boarding inspection agreements" with flag states [7] - The EU is focusing on "flag of convenience" countries like Panama, Liberia, and the Marshall Islands, which have lax registration processes, to enhance compliance with sanctions [7][9] Group 4: Economic Implications - If the EU successfully restricts the shadow fleet's operations, it could significantly reduce Russia's energy revenue, increasing economic pressure on the country [9] - The EU must balance its sanctions with its own energy security and economic stability, as disruptions in the global oil market could exacerbate inflation and living costs within EU member states [9][11] Group 5: Internal EU Dynamics - Diverging interests among EU member states complicate the implementation of sanctions, with some countries cautious about escalating measures due to their economic ties with Russia [11] - The cooperation of "flag of convenience" countries will be crucial, as they seek to maintain their registration income while not alienating the EU [11]

Group 1 - Ukrainian President Zelensky warns Europe about recent drone incursions, indicating that Russia is seeking to "escalate" its aggression, and expresses Ukraine's willingness to share its wartime experiences to help Europe address this threat [1][3] - The warning comes after a summit attended by nearly 50 European leaders, following drone incidents in Denmark and incursions into the airspace of Estonia and Poland, raising concerns that "Russia's attacks on Ukraine may spread to the European borders" [1] - Zelensky emphasizes that the recent drone incidents across Europe demonstrate that Russia still has sufficient power to escalate the war, and that the conflict has never been solely about Ukraine, but rather aims to divide Western nations and Europe [1] Group 2 - Russian President Putin denies the accusations, claiming that Russia is closely monitoring Europe's increasing militarization and will respond significantly, while accusing Europe of creating "panic" to justify increased military spending [3] - European leaders are eager to learn from Ukraine's wartime experiences to enhance their own defense capabilities and are discussing plans to establish a "drone defense wall" against threats from Russia [3] - French President Macron calls for a stronger stance from Western nations against the drone threat from Russia, stating that any drone violating their territory will face significant risks and will be destroyed [5] Group 3 - Romania's Prime Minister warns that the country has repeatedly detected Russian drones entering its airspace from Ukraine and will take measures to shoot them down if further incursions occur [7] - As the Russia-Ukraine conflict enters its fourth year, Europe continues to pressure Russia while seeking financial support for Ukraine, with Macron highlighting the importance of increasing pressure on the "shadow fleet" used by Russia to bypass oil export restrictions [7] - The EU is discussing a proposal to use frozen Russian assets to fund a new €140 billion loan for Ukraine, with supporters arguing that this should be funded by Russia rather than European taxpayers, although Belgium opposes the proposal due to concerns about investor confidence and potential Russian retaliation [7][8]

Group 1 - The European Union has officially approved its 18th round of sanctions against Russia, marking one of the most severe sanction packages to date, aimed at reducing the Kremlin's war budget [1] - The sanctions include measures against 105 vessels of the "shadow fleet" used by Russia to evade Western sanctions, restrictions on financing for Russian banks, and a ban on activities related to the Nord Stream gas pipeline [1] - A key measure in this round of sanctions is the reduction of the price cap on Russian oil from $60 per barrel to $47.6, with future evaluations every six months to ensure it remains 15% below the market average [1][2] Group 2 - The sanctions also target the core of Russia's war machine, including the banking, energy, and military industries, and introduce a new dynamic oil price cap mechanism [1] - Slovakia, which had previously opposed the sanctions due to concerns over its economy, has now agreed to support the measures after receiving assurances from the EU regarding potential gas shortages and price increases [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Polish Prime Minister stated that Russian vessels are part of a shadow fleet [1] Group 1 - The statement highlights concerns regarding the presence and activities of Russian ships in the region [1]