事实上，这波"扩容"早在今年8月就启动了，一下子把407个产品类别拉入征税名单，要求其中涉及的钢铝成分都要额外缴纳50%的关税。美国商务部负责工 业与安全事务的副部长杰弗里·凯斯勒解释称，这是为了防止企业绕开关税，帮助本土钢铝行业恢复元气。听起来似乎有理，但实际执行中却让企业一头雾 水。 德国议员贝恩德·朗格就提到，他在参观一家摩托车厂时，厂主无奈地表示，根本无法准确计算每辆摩托车里钢铝的用量，甚至连一颗小螺丝里含多少钢材 都说不清楚。美国的规定要求根据成分价值缴税，但企业无法精确测算，只能被迫按最高的50%税率申报，因为一旦少报，就可能面临高达200%的罚款风 险。 受影响最直接的当属欧盟钢铁行业。早在清单扩容之前，美国对钢铁征收的高额关税就已经让欧盟企业流失了大量订单，不少工厂不得不减产甚至停工。而 现在，更多下游产品被纳入范围，比如金属框架家具、摩托车零件等，这些产品看似与钢铁无关，但只要含钢铝成分就要缴税，直接推高了制造成本。 最近美国在贸易上的一系列操作，用"核爆"来形容一点也不夸张。原本50%的高额关税已经让全球产业链摇摇欲坠，眼下"钢铝衍生产品"清单又被疯狂扩 充。 范围之广令人咋舌：从能驱动电 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. Department of Commerce has added 407 product categories to the steel and aluminum tariff list, with a tax rate of 50% [1] - The new tariffs aim to close loopholes and continue revitalizing the U.S. steel and aluminum industry, as emphasized by the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce [1] - The expanded list includes a wide range of products such as wind turbines, mobile cranes, railway vehicles, furniture, and various machinery that contain steel or aluminum components [1] Group 2 - Experts warn that the impact of the new tariffs will be significant, with affected imports estimated to reach at least $320 billion based on 2024 import values [2] - The new tariffs are expected to further increase cost-push inflation, as indicated by the rising Producer Price Index (PPI) [2] - Many U.S. importers face a dilemma due to the sudden tariff imposition, as goods already in transit may incur high additional tariffs if accepted [2] Group 3 - In June, the Trump administration announced a doubling of steel and aluminum import tariffs to 50%, causing disruptions in global supply chains [3]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Department of Commerce has expanded the steel and aluminum tariff list to include 407 product categories, imposing a 50% tariff rate, aimed at protecting domestic manufacturing and reducing import dependency [1][2]. Group 1: Tariff Expansion Details - The new tariffs, effective from August 19, significantly broaden the scope of previous tariffs announced by the Trump administration, now covering a wide range of products including wind turbines, mobile cranes, railway vehicles, furniture, and various machinery that contain steel or aluminum components [2]. - The Department of Commerce's action is intended to close loopholes and continue revitalizing the U.S. steel and aluminum industries, as stated by Jeffrey Kessler, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Industry and Security [2]. Group 2: Economic Impact - Experts warn that the new tariffs could affect at least $320 billion worth of imports based on 2024 projections, potentially exacerbating cost-push inflation as indicated by the rising Producer Price Index (PPI) [3]. - Importers face a dilemma as many goods are already in transit; accepting the goods will incur high tariffs, while delaying delivery could lead to significant financial losses [3]. Group 3: Historical Context - In June, the Trump administration announced a doubling of steel and aluminum import tariffs to 50%, which has already caused disruptions in global supply chains [4].

Group 1 - The U.S. Department of Commerce has added 407 product categories to the steel and aluminum tariff list, with a tax rate of 50% [1] - The new tariffs, effective from August 19, significantly expand the scope of previous tariffs announced by the Trump administration [1] - The expanded list includes a wide range of products such as wind turbines, mobile cranes, railway vehicles, furniture, and various equipment containing steel and aluminum components [1] Group 2 - Experts warn that the impact of the new tariffs will be substantial, with affected imports estimated to reach at least $320 billion based on 2024 import values [2] - The new tariffs are expected to further increase cost-push inflation, as indicated by the rising Producer Price Index (PPI) in July [2] - Many U.S. importers face a dilemma due to the sudden nature of the tariff decision, as goods already in transit may incur high additional tariffs [2] Group 3 - In June, the Trump administration announced a doubling of steel and aluminum import tariffs to 50%, causing disruptions in global supply chains [3]

Core Viewpoint - The announcement of the "reciprocal tariff" policy by Trump was initially perceived as a significant victory, but it quickly led to a global market downturn, highlighting the negative consequences of such trade policies [2][12]. Group 1: Market Reactions - On August 1, major U.S. stock indices experienced significant declines, with the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropping 542 points (1.23%), the S&P 500 falling 1.60%, and the Nasdaq down 2.24% [3]. - The U.S. stock market has seen a cumulative decline of over 2.5% over the past week, resulting in a market capitalization loss of nearly $1 trillion [5]. - The U.S. dollar index fell below the 100 mark, indicating a loss of confidence among international investors, while gold prices surged over 2% to $3,362.64 per ounce [5][6]. Group 2: Economic Data and Employment - The U.S. non-farm payroll report revealed only 73,000 new jobs added in July, significantly below the expected 100,000, with prior months' data also revised downward [8]. - The unemployment rate rose to 4.2%, and there is a noted decline in corporate hiring intentions, leading to increased concerns about job availability and rising living costs [12][14]. Group 3: Policy Implications - The "reciprocal tariff" policy marks a more aggressive phase in U.S. trade policy, with new tariffs ranging from 10% to 41% imposed on several countries [6][8]. - Trump's response to negative employment data included accusations against the U.S. Labor Statistics Bureau of manipulating data, reflecting a lack of accountability for policy outcomes [10][12]. - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) warned that the U.S. trade war and tariff policies are damaging the global trade system and increasing geopolitical risks [10][12]. Group 4: Domestic and International Reactions - Domestic opposition to Trump's tariff policies is growing, with California Governor Newsom criticizing the approach for deepening economic troubles [14]. - China's response emphasized the futility of tariff wars, reiterating that such measures harm both the imposing country and its trading partners [11][16].