欧洲领导人纷纷来华 不久前，马丁接受爱尔兰"日报"网站采访时表示，需要以更成熟的方式看待中国的战略目标。"在现代历史上，中国从未主动发动过战争……我们应进一步 了解中国人的思维方式与处事原则，以及其更长远的战略考量。"他还说，过去40年来，中国的全球经济影响力持续提升，相较之下，欧洲各国政策存在"短 期主义"倾向。"我们不希望最终陷入贸易保护主义盛行、世界格局两极分化的境地。" 【环球时报驻英国、德国特约记者 纪双城 青木 环球时报记者 徐耶鲁 张旺】4日下午，爱尔兰总理马丁乘机抵达北京首都国际机场，开启为期5天的访华行 程。此访是爱尔兰总理时隔14年再次访华。除北京外，马丁总理还将访问上海。《爱尔兰时报》称，预计爱中双方领导人的会晤将聚焦欧中关系、全球议题 以及都柏林与北京的双边政治和经贸关系。欧洲媒体分析指出，马丁访华正值中国着力加强与欧盟成员国的关系之际，同时伴随欧洲多国领导人在岁末年初 接踵访华，体现出保持务实合作仍是欧中双方都期待推动的目标。中国外交部发言人3日就马丁访华答记者问时表示，中方愿以此访为契机，同爱方增进政 治互信，拓展互利合作，为新时代双方实现高质量发展和中欧关系健康稳定前行增添新动能 ...

科技领域，摩擦不断！ 据外媒报道，一名不具名知情人士透露，美国准备依据《1974年贸易法》第301条启动调查，该条款将 允许政府采取包括关税在内的贸易补救措施。 此次争议的核心在于数字贸易相关规则。当前，欧盟正在推动相关监管并计划向谷歌、Meta、亚马逊 等美国科技巨头征税。批评者称，欧盟的数字税计划正在拖慢技术创新，这将影响全球，并不公平地增 加税收。 在Alphabet旗下谷歌、马斯克旗下媒体平台X、扎克伯格旗下Meta等美国科技巨头接连遭欧盟罚款或调 查后，特朗普政府威胁采取报复措施。 美国贸易代表办公室当地时间16日表示，如果欧盟及其成员国继续对美国服务供应商施以"歧视性"行 为，美国将施以"反制"措施。同时，美国贸易代表办公室还点名了9家欧洲知名企业，涉及埃森哲、敦 豪、西门子等。 美国威胁对欧盟实施报复 当地时间周二，美国贸易代表办公室（USTR）在社交媒体发帖称，"如果欧盟及其成员国坚持通过歧视 性手段继续限制、约束和阻碍美国服务提供商的竞争力，美国将别无选择，只能开始动用一切可用工具 反制这些不合理举措。" 帖文称，"若需要采取反制措施，美国法律允许对外国服务商收取费用或实施限制措施等行动。" ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing tensions between the U.S. and the EU regarding digital trade regulations, particularly focusing on the EU's imposition of fines and investigations into major U.S. tech companies, which has prompted threats of retaliatory measures from the U.S. government [1][2]. Group 1: U.S. Response to EU Actions - The U.S. Trade Representative's Office (USTR) has warned that if the EU continues to impose "discriminatory" measures against U.S. service providers, the U.S. will have no choice but to retaliate using all available tools [2][3]. - USTR specifically named nine European companies, including Accenture, DHL, and Siemens, indicating they may be targets of U.S. countermeasures due to their extensive operations in the U.S. market [2][3]. - The U.S. is preparing to initiate an investigation under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, which could lead to trade remedies including tariffs [2][3]. Group 2: EU's Digital Tax and Regulatory Actions - The EU is advancing its digital trade regulations, including a digital services tax aimed at major U.S. tech firms like Google, Meta, and Amazon, which critics argue could hinder technological innovation [2][3]. - The EU has recently taken enforcement actions against U.S. tech companies, including a €120 million fine against Musk's platform X and a €2.95 billion fine against Google for anti-competitive behavior [4][5]. - The EU maintains that its regulations are designed to ensure a safe and fair competitive environment for all companies operating within its jurisdiction, rejecting claims of discrimination [3][6]. Group 3: Broader Implications and Ongoing Negotiations - The digital services tax dispute is affecting ongoing U.S.-EU trade negotiations, with the EU seeking to eliminate tariffs on U.S. industrial goods in exchange for U.S. concessions on tariffs for EU exports [6]. - The EU's trade chief has emphasized the importance of protecting technological sovereignty while maintaining regular communication with U.S. trade representatives [6].

特朗普政府威胁要对欧盟采取报复措施，以反击欧盟对美国科技公司征税，被点名的知名企业包括埃森 哲、西门子和Spotify Technology SA，它们可能成为新的限制措施或收费的目标。 美国贸易代表办公室（USTR）周二在社交媒体发帖称，"如果欧盟及其成员国坚持通过歧视性手段继续 限制、约束和阻碍美国服务提供商的竞争力，美国将别无选择，只能开始动用一切可用工具反制这些不 合理举措。" 帖文称，"若需要采取反制措施，美国法律允许对外国服务商收取费用或实施限制措施等行动。" 据一名不具名知情人士透露，美国准备依据《1974年贸易法》第301条启动调查，该条款将允许政府采 取包括关税在内的贸易补救措施。 贸易代表办公室还点名了其他几家欧洲公司，包括DHL集团、SAP SE、Amadeus IT Group SA、凯捷 （Capgemini）、阳狮集团（Publicis Groupe）以及 Mistral AI，称它们多年来一直享有对美国市场的不 受限准入。 争议的核心在于数字贸易相关规则，当前欧盟正推动相关监管并计划向谷歌、Meta、亚马逊等美国科 技巨头征税。批评者称，欧盟的数字税计划正在拖慢技术创新、将影响全 ...

Core Insights - The upcoming face-to-face negotiations between China and the U.S. in Kuala Lumpur on October 24 are highly anticipated and are expected to have significant implications for global markets [1][3]. Group 1: Strategic Context - The choice of Malaysia as the negotiation venue reflects a strategic geopolitical calculation, serving as a neutral ground that avoids direct pressure from either side's home territory while acknowledging ASEAN's growing economic significance [3]. - The timing of the talks is notable, occurring close to the U.S. election period and after China's Q3 economic data release, suggesting a carefully crafted opportunity for both sides to negotiate with updated information [3]. Group 2: Depth of Negotiations - The discussions will extend beyond traditional tariff issues to encompass deeper topics such as digital trade rules, renewable energy standards, and ethical considerations in artificial intelligence, indicating a broader scope of negotiation [5]. - The high-level representation from both sides, with China's Vice Premier He Lifeng leading the delegation, signifies the importance of these talks and the potential for addressing structural challenges in the economic relationship [5]. Group 3: Global Economic Reordering - The negotiations are set against the backdrop of a shifting global economic order, with the decline of the post-World War II Bretton Woods system and the ongoing restructuring of global supply chains exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts [7]. - Southeast Asian countries are closely monitoring the outcomes, as any agreements reached will likely reshape regional supply chains and impact local industries [7]. Group 4: Market Expectations - Capital markets exhibit a cautious optimism regarding the talks, reflecting lessons learned from previous negotiations that have experienced volatility and uncertainty [9]. - A constructive outcome may not necessarily be a comprehensive agreement but rather the establishment of effective crisis management mechanisms to prevent conflicts amid competition [9]. Group 5: Future Economic Relations - The negotiations serve as a test for the U.S.'s "competitive coexistence" strategy, balancing the need to curb China's high-tech advancements while maintaining essential economic cooperation [11]. - The discussions signal a recognition that complete decoupling is unrealistic, and that competition and cooperation will define the future of U.S.-China economic relations [11].

Core Points - China is the first WTO member to pilot the e-commerce agreement, marking a shift from "leading rule-making" to "leading rule implementation" [1][3] - The e-commerce agreement, reached after over five years of negotiations, includes four pillars: digital facilitation, digital openness, digital trust, and digital inclusion [3] - The implementation of the agreement is expected to enhance trade facilitation and operational efficiency for businesses, creating a stable regulatory environment for new business models like cross-border e-commerce and supply chain finance [1][4] Group 1: Implementation and Objectives - The "Work Plan" released by the Ministry of Commerce includes 41 specific measures aimed at improving trade digitalization, data governance, and international cooperation [5] - Beijing, as the only pilot city, will explore pathways and accumulate experience in digital trade practices, which can be replicated and promoted [4][5] - The measures aim to enhance customs efficiency through electronic documents and improve cross-border data governance, which is crucial for sustainable digital trade [5][6] Group 2: International Cooperation and Standards - The "Work Plan" aligns with high-level international digital trade rules, promoting modernization of digital trade governance and expanding international cooperation opportunities [5][6] - The agreement reflects a consensus among major economies on international digital trade rules, facilitating the last mile of policy implementation in China [6] - The initiatives not only respond to the agreement's requirements but also provide policy tools for China's exploration of institutional innovation in digital trade [6]

Group 1 - The Ministry of Commerce announced a work plan to support Beijing in piloting the WTO E-commerce Agreement, aiming to implement global digital trade rules established by the WTO by the end of 2024 [1] - The initiative is a collaboration among five national departments, with a focus on accelerating the implementation of measures in Beijing and creating replicable experiences for global application [1] - The WTO Deputy Director-General emphasized that the implementation of the E-commerce Agreement in Beijing will set a foundation for nationwide adoption and demonstrate China's commitment to high-level openness [1] Group 2 - The 2025 Global Service Trade Entrepreneurs Summit focused on the impact of artificial intelligence on service trade and the demand for inclusive development in global service trade [2] - The Global Service Trade Alliance released a report analyzing the latest trends and structural changes in service trade, identifying key factors affecting inclusive development and proposing targeted recommendations [2] - The report highlighted that while digital technology drives rapid growth in service trade, challenges such as the digital divide and trade protectionism increase uncertainty and instability in global service trade [2] Group 3 - Recommendations from the report include enhancing global digital infrastructure, supporting developing countries in cultivating new business models, and improving human resource development for better participation in service trade [3] - The Global Service Trade Alliance also launched the "2025 Initiative for Promoting Inclusive Development in Global Service Trade," aiming to ensure equal opportunities and sustainable development in service trade for economies at different development stages [3] - The initiative emphasizes the importance of improving service trade-related rules, supporting capacity building in developing countries, and promoting inclusive supply chain development [3]

Core Points - China will be the first country to implement the WTO's "E-commerce Agreement" during the 2025 China International Fair for Trade in Services [1] - The initiative aims to expedite the implementation of global digital trade rules established in 2024 [1] - Beijing is designated as the sole pilot city for this agreement, showcasing China's commitment to institutional innovation and openness [1] Group 1 - The Ministry of Commerce, in collaboration with the Central Cyberspace Administration, has developed a significant work plan for the implementation of the agreement [1] - The implementation is expected to provide stability and certainty to the global digital economy [1] - The pilot program in Beijing will serve as a model for exploring new rules and creating competitive advantages nationwide [1] Group 2 - The initiative reflects China's determination to enhance high-level opening-up and contribute to global digital economic governance [1] - The program aims to accumulate valuable experience that can be shared with the international community [1] - The move is seen as a demonstration of China's leadership in digital trade and its innovative capabilities [1]

Core Viewpoint - The State Council has issued a notification to replicate and promote a total of 77 pilot measures from the Shanghai Free Trade Zone across the country and other free trade zones, focusing on high-standard international trade rules and institutional openness [1][2]. Group 1: Key Measures - The 77 measures cover seven areas including service trade, goods trade, digital trade, intellectual property protection, government procurement reform, "post-border" management reform, and risk prevention [1]. - Among the measures, 34 will be promoted to other free trade zones, including innovations in digital renminbi applications and cross-border fund management for multinational companies [1][2]. - The remaining 43 measures will be implemented nationwide, such as enhancing cross-border electronic payment applications and promoting data security management certification [1][2]. Group 2: Focus Areas - The notification emphasizes the importance of "implementing high-standard digital trade rules" and "advancing government procurement reform," with 15 specific measures in these areas [2]. - Key digital trade measures include provisions for data transfer to foreign entities under national security requirements and the establishment of a digital identity certification system [2]. - In government procurement reform, many measures will continue to be tested within the free trade zone before broader implementation [2]. Group 3: Service Trade and Financial Risk - Service trade is highlighted as a key area for institutional openness, with measures to support the introduction of foreign electronic payment institutions and data transmission for financial institutions [3]. - Financial risk prevention measures include enhanced data collection and innovative regulatory mechanisms like "sandbox regulation" to ensure effective risk isolation [3].

Core Viewpoint - The State Council emphasizes the importance of fully aligning the Free Trade Pilot Zones with international high-standard economic and trade rules to promote high-level institutional openness and replicate successful pilot measures across a broader scope [2][5]. Group 1: Importance of Replication and Promotion - The notification highlights the significance of replicating and promoting the experiences from the China (Shanghai) Free Trade Pilot Zone to unleash institutional innovation dividends and drive deep reforms and high-quality development [5]. - It calls for a comprehensive understanding of the current situation and the importance of effective implementation of replication and promotion work, guided by Xi Jinping's thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era [5]. Group 2: Responsibilities and Coordination - Local governments are urged to strengthen their primary responsibilities, enhance organizational leadership, and establish clear mechanisms for the replication and promotion work, including defining responsible persons, timelines, and roadmaps [5][6]. - The notification emphasizes the need for local governments to tailor the replication efforts to their specific circumstances, focusing on pilot measures that meet the urgent needs of enterprises and the public [5]. Group 3: Risk Management and Regulatory Framework - The State Council stresses the importance of balancing openness and security, enhancing risk prevention and control systems, and establishing a transparent and efficient regulatory framework [7][13]. - It calls for timely research and resolution of new situations and problems that arise during the implementation of measures, ensuring that risk control measures are in place as the initiatives are rolled out [7]. Group 4: Specific Pilot Measures - The notification outlines specific pilot measures to be implemented, including expanding service trade, optimizing cross-border capital management for multinational companies, and enhancing the functionality of free trade accounts [9][10]. - It encourages financial institutions to adopt advanced international standards for electronic payment systems and supports the introduction of foreign electronic payment institutions [10]. Group 5: Digital Trade and Data Management - The document promotes the implementation of high-standard digital trade rules, supporting the development of a negative list for data export and facilitating cross-border data flow [11][12]. - It emphasizes the need for a robust data security management certification system to enhance data security management capabilities among enterprises [12].