Industry Rating - The industry investment rating is maintained as "Outperform" [1] Core Viewpoints - The demand for AI computing power is increasing, leading to a transition from traditional UPS power supply to HVDC due to efficiency, cost, and reliability challenges [2][3] - The global power supply solutions are rapidly evolving towards ±400V and 800V HVDC systems led by tech giants like Microsoft, Google, and Nvidia, aiming to support 1MW power per rack [2] - The market is expected to see gradual volume growth starting in 2026, driven by increasing AI computing power demand and infrastructure investments from major cloud service providers [3] Summary by Sections 1. Why HVDC is Promising? - The technology evolution path is clear, with major players accelerating their layouts in HVDC systems [2] - The industry trend has shifted from concept to large-scale implementation, with significant projects expected to launch in 2026 [2] 2. Market Situation - The demand for IT power in global data centers is expected to rise significantly, with a projected increase from approximately 49GW in 2023 to 96GW by 2026, reflecting a CAGR of around 25% [7] - Major cloud service providers are increasing capital expenditures, providing strong momentum for infrastructure development [3] 3. Investment Recommendations - The HVDC industry is characterized by high concentration and significant barriers to entry, with three main domestic players: Zhongheng Electric, Delta Electronics, and Vertiv [4] - Investment opportunities include: - Domestic leaders expanding overseas: Zhongheng Electric is positioned to leverage its HVDC technology and products in international markets [4] - Companies utilizing ODM strategies to enter overseas markets: Kehua Data and Kstar are focusing on HVDC product development and international expansion [5] - New players in the module sector seeking growth: Tonghe Technology and Youyou Green Energy are developing HVDC product lines and targeting key industry clients [5] 4. HVDC Advantages Over UPS - HVDC systems offer higher safety, stability, and energy efficiency compared to traditional UPS systems, addressing issues related to power consumption, space, and reliability [6][16] - The modular structure of HVDC allows for better utilization rates and reduced redundancy compared to UPS systems [16] 5. Domestic and International Layouts - Domestic HVDC solutions are primarily focused on 240V/336V systems, with significant market share held by Zhongheng Electric, Delta Electronics, and Vertiv [68] - Internationally, major tech companies are pushing for the adoption of ±400V and 800V HVDC systems, with Meta and Nvidia leading the charge [68][72] 6. Future Market Potential - The penetration rate of HVDC in the domestic market is currently low at around 15%, but is expected to rise rapidly due to increasing demand for computing power [72] - The market for 800V HVDC is anticipated to see significant growth starting in 2028, driven by infrastructure projects and technological advancements [72]

Core Insights - The article discusses the evolution of power supply architectures in data centers, highlighting the shift towards more efficient technologies such as 800V HVDC and SST, with expectations for significant adoption by 2028 and 2030 respectively [2][4][11]. Group 1: Power Supply Architecture Evolution - The current power supply in data centers is primarily centralized (Powershelf), but with the rise of AI workloads, a transition to Sidecar power supply mode is anticipated around 2026-2027, with single cabinet power reaching 250-1500 kW [2][4]. - By 2030, the market is expected to gradually adopt SST power supply architecture, which is projected to achieve a full-link efficiency of 91.2%, surpassing the current UPS architecture efficiency of 85.8% [6][11]. Group 2: 800V HVDC Technology - 800V HVDC is gaining attention for its efficiency and space-saving benefits, potentially increasing end-to-end efficiency to 95-98% compared to traditional UPS systems, while reducing copper usage by 45% and floor space by 40% [11][12]. - Despite its advantages, 800V HVDC faces challenges such as higher initial costs (20-30% more than traditional UPS) and unclear market standards, necessitating industry-wide collaboration for its advancement [11][12]. Group 3: New UPS Technologies - A new type of simplified UPS has been introduced, eliminating the traditional AC/DC rectification stage, which allows for 0ms switching and improved IT performance [15][16]. - This new UPS operates in three modes: normal operation, energy storage during power outages, and combined power supply when load exceeds UPS limits [15][16]. Group 4: Power Supply Technology Upgrades - Upgrades in power supply technology focus on new materials, topologies, and functionalities, with significant advancements in power devices such as SiC MOSFETs replacing Si IGBTs [18][22]. - The integration of passive components like capacitors and inductors is seen as a bottleneck for future integrated power solutions, with expectations for higher integration levels in the coming years [22][24]. Group 5: Addressing GPU Load Fluctuations - The article highlights the challenges posed by GPU load fluctuations in data centers, which can cause significant power quality issues [24][26]. - Solutions for mitigating these fluctuations include using supercapacitors on the DC side and enhancing power supply unit (PSU) designs to accommodate larger capacitors for better load smoothing [26][30]. Group 6: FIVR Technology - FIVR (Fully Integrated Voltage Regulator) is emerging as a promising technology for DC-DC terminal power supply, offering significant improvements in size, thickness, and dynamic response compared to traditional power supplies [33][34]. - This technology integrates power supply directly into the chip, reducing component count and achieving faster response times, although it imposes stringent requirements on inductor size and performance [33][34].