21世纪经济报道 记者 崔文静 广州报道 "过去一年无论是国内还是国际，无论是经济还是民生，无论是 资本市场还是各个方面，都发生了翻天覆地的变化。"在南方财经论坛2025年会"卓越董事会"分论坛 上，中邮证券副总裁、首席经济学家黄付生以这句话开启了题为"借势蓄力，经济重构"的演讲。 面对深刻变革的环境，黄付生系统解读了"十五五"规划建议的核心脉络，并对宏观经济与资本市场趋势 进行了前瞻研判。 他指出，当前中国经济正呈现一系列关键转折信号：一方面，"十五五"规划建议以构建现代化产业体系 为核心，明确了未来十年再造高技术产业的路径，产业重心正向人工智能、航空航天、生物医药等八大 硬科技方向聚焦。另一方面，房地产市场在加速出清后正回归合理与民生本质，而服务型消费的扩容则 蕴含着内需升级的巨大机遇。 他认为，外部环境同样面临深刻调整，中美科技竞争进入"生态竞争"新阶段，而国内产业则呈现显著 的"K型分化"，科技出海成为强劲增长引擎。尤为关键的是，基于上市公司三季度数据，黄付生分析指 出企业盈利能力已出现积极拐点迹象，资产负债表修复进程正在展开。在这一系列结构性变化的共同驱 动下，权益市场的长周期、结构性牛市格局正在逐 ...

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No investment rating information is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The bond market is still mainly in a volatile state. Investors should be cautious about blind optimism and adopt a strategy of entering and exiting on the left side without lingering. In terms of investment portfolios, a "dumbbell + small - band" approach should be used. The short - end can use credit bonds under 2 years and interest - rate bonds under 3 years as the allocation base, and the long - end can use 30 - year interest - rate bonds for small - band trading [1][3]. - The Fourth Plenary Session's communique implies positive expressions. The equity bull market may continue, and investors should have confidence and perseverance in it. It also has implications for GDP growth, policy measures, investment themes, and the importance of domestic demand and consumption [11]. - The US is facing economic pressure due to tariff frictions. The long - term employment pressure is significantly greater than the temporary inflation pressure. The Fed may implement "three consecutive rate cuts". The US has a strong motivation to ease relations with China, and investors should expect a final agreement to be reached [23]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Bond Market Weekly Observation 3.1.1 How to View the Enlightenment of the Fourth Plenary Session on the Capital Market? - The communique implies positive signals for the equity bull market. It emphasizes maintaining a reasonable GDP growth rate in the long - term, anticipating more policy measures, clarifying investment themes such as advanced manufacturing and technology, and increasing the importance of domestic demand and consumption. In the short term, the meeting may boost the stock market, and the bond market may adjust accordingly, but will later be affected by other factors [11][15][17]. 3.1.2 US Tariffs Lead to Recession, Weaker Bargaining Chips, and Strong Motivation for Easing - The fifth round of Sino - US economic and trade negotiations is taking place, with the location in an Asian city this time, closer to China's comfort zone. China's response to the US's TACO behavior is more mature, using rare - earth export and soybean import as countermeasures. The US is facing economic pressure, with employment pressure greater than inflation pressure, and the Fed may cut rates. The US has a motivation to ease relations with China, and a final agreement is expected [21][22][23]. 3.1.3 Bond Market Strategy: Enter and Exit on the Left Side without Lingering, and Adopt a "Dumbbell + Small - Band" Approach - The bond market is in a volatile state. A fast - in and fast - out strategy of buying on dips and taking profits on rallies is relatively effective. The 10 - year and 30 - year treasury bond active bonds have changed, and their core oscillation ranges are estimated. The investment portfolio should use a "dumbbell + small - band" approach, with short - end and long - end allocations as described above [27][28]. 3.2 Bond Market Asset Performance No specific summary content is provided in the given text for this part, only some related charts are mentioned. 3.3 High - Frequency Entity Tracking 3.3.1 Price - Related - This week, the Nanhua Agricultural Products Index and international crude oil prices rose, with prices of agricultural products showing a mixed trend. Brent crude oil rose by $4.93 per barrel, and WTI crude oil rose by $4.33 per barrel. Vegetable and meat prices had different changes, with some rising and some falling [39]. 3.3.2 Industry - Related - Industrial - related data improved slightly this week. The Nanhua Industrial Products Index rose, glass prices fell slightly, and coking coal prices rose. Supply - side data such as blast furnace and petroleum asphalt开工率 were better than last week [45]. 3.3.3 Investment and Real Estate - Related - This week, investment and real estate - related data on the demand side showed a slight recovery, with transaction volume data increasing, but the growth rate was lower than the historical average. The second - hand housing listing price index declined further, and the cumulative value of housing completion area increased compared to last month but was still lower than the historical average [55]. 3.3.4 Travel and Consumption - Related - This week, travel and consumption data were mixed, generally in line with the season. Subway passenger volumes in major cities increased, movie box - office revenues decreased, passenger car retail sales decreased but were higher than the historical average, and the number of domestic flights increased [61].

Market Overview - On September 3, the Shanghai Composite Index fell by 1.16%, the CSI 300 decreased by 0.68%, the STAR 50 dropped by 1.64%, the CSI 1000 declined by 1.46%, while the ChiNext Index rose by 0.95%, and the Hang Seng Index decreased by 0.6% [4][5] - The best-performing sectors on September 3 were comprehensive (+1.64%), communication (+1.61%), and electric equipment (+1.44%), while the worst-performing sectors included defense and military (-5.83%), non-bank financials (-3.05%), and computer (-2.71%) [4][5] - The total trading volume for the A-share market on September 3 was 23,956.82 billion, with a net inflow of 5.509 billion HKD from southbound funds [4][5] Important Insights - The report discusses the bond market, indicating that the current equity bull market driven by the migration of deposits does not necessarily lead to a corresponding decline in the bond market [6] - It highlights that the migration of deposits from residents and enterprises to non-bank institutions does not change the overall scale of bank liabilities, thus stabilizing the bond investment capacity of banks [6] - The report notes that historically, there has not been a bull market in equities accompanied by a bear market in bonds driven by deposit migration, as seen in previous bull markets from 2014 to 2015 and 2021 [6][7] Company Analysis - The report focuses on XCMG Machinery (000425), which has launched one of the largest equity incentive plans in the machinery industry, aiming to become a global leader in engineering machinery [8] - The company is expected to benefit from a recovery in domestic construction and an increase in overseas market share, supported by a significant improvement in mixed reform benefits and the implementation of the equity incentive plan [9] - Catalysts for investment include exceeding order expectations and growth in investment in real estate, infrastructure, and mining sectors [9]