马到成功、万马奔腾、龙马精神……关于马的许多成语，寄托着大家对生活的美好愿景。 在中国现存的诸多马种中，有一种十分特别。它的模样很好认——头大脖子粗，一身土黄毛。它便是原 产于中国新疆准噶尔盆地和蒙古国干旱荒漠草原地带、地球上现存的唯一野生马种普氏野马。作为国家 一级保护动物、全球濒危大型野生动物，普氏野马珍稀程度堪比大熊猫。 普氏野马拥有漫长的进化史，历经了6000万年的风雨沧桑，更特别的是，它比家马多两条染色体，血脉 里藏着远古的印记。 普氏野马曾一度在中国野外消失了踪迹，直到1985年，中国启动"野马返乡"计划，从国外引回普氏野马 并在新疆和甘肃建立起繁育基地。 40年后的今天，这批回家的普氏野马扎下根来，家丁兴旺。2025年，在新疆举行的"普氏野马回归40周 年"活动上公布的数据显示，中国普氏野马种群数量已突破900匹，占全球总量的三分之一。 马年，在大家的期待中如约而至。 养马容易，让野马重回野性难。先圈养，让它们适应；再慢慢繁殖；最后尝试半放开散养——一步一个 脚印。2001年8月28日，当普氏野马走进荒原，看着尘土扬起来，很多人眼眶都红了——它们终于"回 家"了。这是中国首次普氏野马野化放归。此 ...

海滨轴灰包。受访者供图 近日，热带岛屿生态学教育部重点实验室、海南师范大学生命科学学院曾念开团队，在国际植物分类学 期刊《Phytotaxa》（《植物分类》）发表研究成果论文，正式确定大型真菌新物种——海滨轴灰包。 与常见伞状展开的蘑菇不同，海滨轴灰包的伞面呈闭合状态。这种被称为"腹菌"的子实体形态，被推测 是为适应极端环境的重要演化特征。该物种高度可达23厘米，包被呈浅棕至深褐色，表面覆有毛状或鳞片状 结构。成熟后，包被开裂或脱落，散播出大量孢子粉，且会随风传播。其担孢子壁厚达2至3微米，个头明显 大于其他同类真菌。 研究团队介绍，海滨轴灰包虽为新物种，但此前我国民间就已发现其踪迹，并鉴定为原描述于印度的"轴 灰包"，且被认为是一个广泛分布的物种。然而，分子系统学研究显示，轴灰包实为多个形态相似而遗传迥异 的物种所构成的复合群，采自海南的标本与真正的轴灰包明显不同，代表着一个独立的新种。 由于海滨轴灰包生长于潮间带这一生态关键区域，地下菌丝网络具备固沙护岸的功能，专家建议设立专 门保护小区，以维护该物种及其所在生态系统的完整性与可持续性。（记者 刘阳秀） 记者了解到，海滨轴灰包隶属于蘑菇目、蘑菇科，生长在海 ...

近些年的中央一号文件关于绿色发展的政策部署经历了一个演进过程：2012年至2016年，以"单点 突破、重点整治"为特点，聚焦农业面源污染治理、农业投入品减量等突出环境问题；2017年至2021 年，农业绿色发展被提升至农业供给侧结构性改革主攻方向的战略高度，确立"良好生态是农村最大优 势"，形成专项发力、全面推进格局；2022年至今，明确生态低碳是中国特色农业强国的重要特征，统 筹粮食安全与绿色低碳发展，推进农业全产业链绿色转型。 截至目前，我国农业农村绿色发展取得显著成效，农村人居环境持续改善，农业资源利用集约化、 投入品减量化、农业生产清洁化、农业废弃物资源化格局基本形成。2025年，化肥农药利用率进一步提 高，畜禽粪污综合利用率超过80%，绿色食品、有机产品、名特优新农产品、地理标志农产品总数超过 8.8万个。 今年中央一号文件关于乡村生态保护修复的部署，紧扣"一体化"核心，围绕农村人居环境、农业生 产污染、生态系统保护三大重点领域，提出了一系列针对性强、可操作性强的政策举措，力求破解实践 中存在的堵点难点问题。 聚焦农业生产减排，推动生态低碳转型。文件围绕农业生产全链条，提出了全方位的污染防治举 措， ...

Core Insights - The recent survey of wildlife resources in the Chishui River Basin (Guizhou) has successfully identified three new amphibian species, highlighting the region's biodiversity significance [1][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The survey, organized by the Guizhou Forestry Bureau and conducted by Guizhou Normal University and Central China Normal University, focused on key protected amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, assessing their species, numbers, distribution, habitat status, conservation status, and threats [1]. - The newly discovered species include a new species of the genus Ansonia named "Xishui Ansonia," a new species of the genus Hynobius named "Wumeng Hynobius," and a cryptic species named "Xishui Pseudohynobius" [1][3]. - The findings have been published in the international journal "Zoosystematics and Evolution," enriching the biodiversity record of Guizhou Province and underscoring the Chishui River Basin as a critical biodiversity hotspot [3]. Group 2: Ecological Significance - The Chishui River flows approximately 300 kilometers within Guizhou Province, characterized by a humid climate and diverse topography, including mountains, gorges, and forests, which provide essential habitats for many endemic and rare species [5]. - The discovery of the Xishui Ansonia, which is sensitive to environmental changes, offers valuable insights into the adaptation mechanisms, diversity origins, and evolutionary dynamics of species within the subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest ecosystem [7]. - Understanding the distribution and evolutionary history of such sensitive species can aid in assessing the potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity and inform conservation strategies for the region [7].

Core Insights - The Hamah World Biosphere Reserve has significantly improved its forest coverage from 88.4% to 94.8% over the past decade, with wetland area expanding by 12.6% [1][3] Group 1: Environmental Improvements - The reserve's total area is 148,948 hectares and it was designated as a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve in 2015, marking it as China's 33rd such reserve [1] - The reserve has implemented measures such as enhancing fire prevention networks and upgrading scientific monitoring, resulting in a total patrol distance of 12,000 kilometers over the decade [1] - Wildlife populations have shown signs of recovery, with species such as wolves, elk, and wild boars reappearing; the number of moose has increased from 168 to 285 [1] Group 2: Research and Development - The establishment of research platforms, including a national wetland positioning station and an academician workstation, has provided crucial scientific support for the protection and study of the boreal forest ecosystem [1] - The reserve has been recognized as an important model for the protection of boreal biosphere reserves in China, emphasizing the authenticity and integrity of ecosystem protection [3]

Core Points - The National Park Law was passed by the 14th National People's Congress Standing Committee and will take effect on January 1, 2026, aiming to enhance the ecological protection system in China [1][2] - The law consists of 7 chapters and 63 articles, covering various aspects such as layout, establishment, protection, management, participation, sharing, and legal responsibilities [1] Group 1: Ecological Protection and Management - The law emphasizes integrated protection of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts, requiring a comprehensive approach to ecological restoration and management [2] - It mandates the preparation of an overall plan for national parks, detailing specific protection and management tasks, and establishes strict regulations for core protection areas [2][3] Group 2: Community Involvement and Rights - The law requires assessments of the impact on local residents and businesses before establishing national parks, ensuring that their rights and activities are considered in the overall planning [2][3] - It encourages local residents and organizations to provide ecological products and services, enhancing public service functions within national parks [2] Group 3: Governance and Enforcement - A collaborative management mechanism is established, clarifying the responsibilities of central and local governments, park management agencies, and relevant departments [3] - The law strengthens comprehensive law enforcement within national parks, granting management agencies the authority to impose administrative penalties for violations [4]

Group 1 - The meeting emphasized the importance of addressing feedback from the Central Ecological and Environmental Protection Supervision, viewing it as a major political task [1][2] - The focus is on implementing Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thoughts and ensuring a better environment for the people of Gansu [1] - Key areas of action include scientific water usage, land regulation, energy conservation, ecological governance, ecological safety, and forest fire prevention [2] Group 2 - The "Four Waters and Four Determinations" principle will be strictly enforced to enhance water conservation across agriculture, industry, urban areas, and ecology [2] - A systematic approach to ecological governance will be adopted, integrating the protection of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands, and deserts [2] - Specific measures will be taken to address illegal waste disposal, heavy metal pollution, and to ensure the safety of the ecological environment [2]

Core Viewpoint - The construction of China's national park system has made significant progress, integrating over 120 various natural protected areas and enhancing ecosystem protection and governance [1][3]. Group 1: National Parks Achievements - The Sanjiangyuan National Park plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological safety of the "Chinese Water Tower" and Asia's water ecosystem [1]. - The Giant Panda National Park has achieved a complete unification of the wild giant panda's core distribution areas and main breeding habitats [2]. - The population of wild tigers and leopards in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has increased from 27 and 42 to approximately 70 and 80, respectively [3]. - The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park has seen the near-extinction of the Hainan gibbon turn into the only growing population of gibbons globally [3]. - The Wuyi Mountain National Park protects a world natural and cultural heritage site and serves as a complete gene pool for subtropical forests at the same latitude globally [3]. Group 2: Future Plans - China has established a unique national park system framework, aiming to steadily and orderly advance the establishment of new national parks, with a goal to build the largest national park system in the world by 2035 [3].

Core Insights - The article highlights the harmonious coexistence of wildlife and humans in the Qilian Mountain National Park, emphasizing the beauty of its ecosystem and the importance of conservation efforts [1][2][6] Group 1: Ecological Conservation - The Qilian Mountain National Park serves as a "life oasis" where animals and humans coexist peacefully, showcasing the region's ecological beauty [1] - The park's management employs advanced technologies such as drone surveillance and a big data management platform to monitor over 8,000 square kilometers of land, ensuring comprehensive environmental oversight [4] Group 2: Community Engagement and Education - Journalists from Hong Kong visited the park to report on wildlife rescue efforts and the integration of technology in conservation, highlighting the role of "Gen Z" caretakers in using social media for educational outreach [2][4] - There are suggestions to create a film based on the stories of park guardians to enhance public interest and connection to the Qilian Mountain [2] Group 3: Future Aspirations - The management of Qilian Mountain National Park hopes to attract more visitors from Hong Kong to appreciate the region's biodiversity and the collaborative efforts of various ethnic groups in ecological preservation [6]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the conservation efforts for the critically endangered Baishanzu fir, emphasizing its ecological significance and the ongoing work to protect and cultivate this unique species in the Baishanzu National Park [1][2][3] Group 1: Conservation Efforts - The Baishanzu fir is a relic plant from the Quaternary glacial period and is listed as one of the 12 most endangered plants globally by the World Conservation Union [1] - Conservationists have been engaged in long-term protection and cultivation efforts since the species was first discovered in 1963, including techniques like grafting and artificial pollination [1] - Over 5,000 Baishanzu fir seedlings have been successfully cultivated and returned to the wild, showcasing the success of these conservation initiatives [3] Group 2: Ecological Importance - The Baishanzu National Park hosts a well-preserved subtropical forest ecosystem, serving as a habitat for numerous rare and endangered species [2] - The park is recognized as one of the richest areas in China for wild large fungi genetic resources, highlighting its biodiversity [2] - A comprehensive monitoring and protection system has been established in the park, utilizing advanced technology to safeguard ecological and species resources [2]