第二，注重理论导向。中国学者们立足本土经验对西方理论开展反思性的对话，展现出强烈的理论自觉 意识。在对中国经济增长之谜的解释中，学者们强调有为政府、有效市场和有序社会协同机制的重要 新时代以来，中国经济社会学研究者坚持经验研究与理论构建并重，既通过细致深入的田野调查和定量 数据来深描经济社会领域发生的重要变迁和主要议题，又努力基于中国经验凝练标识性概念和原创性理 论，呈现出鲜明的发展特点。 第一，坚持经验为本。中国经济社会学界始终坚持从实求知的优良传统，展现出敏锐的问题意识、开阔 的学术视野，进而触及和探究了丰富的研究议题。近些年不仅在产权、企业、产业、市场、消费和劳动 等长期耕耘的传统领域有新进展，而且积极开拓对平台经济、金融市场、企业跨国经营等新兴领域的调 查研究。在宏观层面上，中国特色政商关系与经济发展模式、中国住房制度变迁和居民财富积累机制、 市场化和城市化进程中的产权变迁以及中国经济社会的数字化、金融化和全球化新态势等议题都得到学 者们的关注。在中观层面上，涌现出很多以地区、行业或组织为分析单位的研究，比如，平台企业政府 事务部门专门化、私营企业建立党组织的机制及其影响、单位制企业改制和破产过程中的 ...

Core Idea - The article discusses the "Hawthorne Effect," a psychological phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior when they know they are being observed, leading to improved performance and motivation [2][4][6]. Group 1: Understanding the Hawthorne Effect - The Hawthorne Effect originated from experiments conducted in the 1920s at a factory in Hawthorne, Chicago, where changes in lighting led to a 15% increase in productivity due to workers feeling observed [3][4]. - The effect highlights that awareness of being watched can enhance individual performance as it aligns with the expectations of observers [4][6]. - The phenomenon is linked to social comparison theory, where individuals adjust their behavior to meet perceived expectations from others [6][7]. Group 2: Practical Applications of the Hawthorne Effect - To leverage the Hawthorne Effect, it is essential to increase proactive attention towards individuals, making them feel valued and observed, which can lead to positive behavioral changes [8][9]. - Providing positive feedback and encouragement is crucial, as it serves as a powerful motivator for individuals to improve and excel [10][11]. - Creating a positive environment is vital, as it fosters a culture of improvement and encourages individuals to adopt better habits through social influence [13][14].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of focusing on one's own life and happiness rather than comparing oneself to others, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and jealousy [10][24][90]. Summary by Sections Section 1: Relative Deprivation - The concept of "relative deprivation" is introduced, explaining how individuals often feel envious when they see others succeed, leading to negative emotions [7][8]. - The article suggests that most suffering comes from internal comparisons rather than external circumstances [9][10]. Section 2: Personal Stories and Comparisons - The narrative of two friends, Chen Kaixi and Roman, illustrates how comparing life paths can lead to jealousy and damage relationships [11][17]. - Roman's journey highlights the realization that personal fulfillment should not be measured against others [19][20]. Section 3: The Impact of Envy - A case study of a colleague's housing situation demonstrates how envy can lead to negative emotions and deteriorating work relationships [25][30]. - The article cites that envy can lead to a downward spiral of dissatisfaction and self-doubt [31][32]. Section 4: Social Comparison Theory - The article references Leon Festinger's "social comparison theory," which explains how individuals often evaluate themselves based on others, leading to feelings of inadequacy [36][37]. - It argues that comparing oneself to others can obscure one's own value and identity [38][42]. Section 5: Finding Personal Value - The narrative of Yu Minhong illustrates the importance of recognizing one's unique path and not succumbing to societal pressures [46][55]. - The article emphasizes that true fulfillment comes from understanding and pursuing one's own goals rather than competing with others [58][60]. Section 6: The Role of Gratitude - Research from the Zuckerberg Neuroscience Center indicates that gratitude can enhance happiness and a sense of belonging [71]. - The article concludes that happiness is not about achieving everything but appreciating what one has [86][89].