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张军:告别经济“温差”,要避免增长过于结构性
Di Yi Cai Jing Zi Xun· 2026-02-23 04:04
2026.02.23 以规划设定的目标为基础,如果我们要在2035年把按现价美元汇率计算的人均GDP从目前约14000美元 提高到25000美元以上,还要保持每年人均GDP约6%的名义增速。考虑到未来10年人口平均每年下降约 0.35%(按基准情形的预测),且假设人民币对美元汇率不变,GDP平均每年名义增长约5.6%即可实现 目标。 然而,2025年GDP实际增速为5%,名义增速仅3.9%,因为GDP通胀率为-1.1%。这就出现了实际GDP增 速较高与整个经济处于偏冷的紧缩状态并存的局面。等于说温度计上显示的数字跟人们的体感不一致, 形成了温差。 只有一种情况会导致这样的"温差"出现。那就是增长过于结构化,过于集中在少数相对独立的领域,而 这些领域的扩张虽然可以提高实际GDP增速,却无法生成宏观的平衡与稳定局面,极端情形甚至可以出 现所谓"没有发展的增长"现象。 这些年来,尽管中国经济实现了5%左右的实际GDP增长,但其增长来源越来越集中化结构化了。新能 源车、人工智能等极少数科技产业推动了实际GDP增长,但整个宏观经济反而变冷了。经济总需求和收 入流量收缩趋势未见缓解,物价下降,导致名义GDP增速和实际GD ...
张军:告别经济“温差”,要避免增长过于结构性︱马年大咖谈
Di Yi Cai Jing· 2026-02-23 03:42
2025年GDP实际增速为5%,名义增速仅3.9%,实际GDP增速较高与整个经济偏冷的紧缩状态并存。 对当下中国经济的讨论,多数人心目中的对照组可能仍是20年前甚至30年前的画面。这些画面有时候出 现在关于越南经济的报道中,那是热火朝天的繁荣景象。彼时中国正处于经济高速增长的阶段,繁荣由 大规模的外资流入(世界工厂)、基建(资本积累)和人口迁移(城市化)推动。这样的繁荣景象太深 刻,以至于很难从我们脑海中抹去。这样的景象如何再现?超常增长时期已过,中国经济也变得更强 大。但如果政策处理得当,中国经济在达到中等发达国家水平之前,依然可以保持比西方世界更快的增 长。 正因为保持了长达几十年的高增长,中国经济获得了全面的发展,不仅让近8亿人摆脱了贫困,而且拥 有了覆盖全国的一流的物质基础设施,拥有了发达的高速公路、高铁网络、航空、通讯、电网、互联网 和5G等。在制造业领域,中国从简单加工起步,经历用市场换技术的中外合资办厂与引进国外技术并 消化吸收阶段,如今已拥有本土相当先进的制造能力与发达的供应链,涌现出一大批有科技创新能力和 国际竞争力的企业,并在人工智能、电动汽车、智能制造和生物医药等领域保持着世界先进的地位 ...
温差与转型共存(国金宏观孙永乐)
雪涛宏观笔记· 2025-10-21 08:01
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the disparity between macroeconomic data and microeconomic experiences, highlighting the ongoing economic transformation in China and its implications for growth and distribution [2][10]. Economic Growth Data - In Q3, GDP at constant prices grew by 4.8% year-on-year, down from 5.2% in the previous quarter, while nominal GDP growth was 3.7%, down from 3.9% [4]. - To achieve the annual growth target of 5%, a Q4 GDP growth of 4.6% is required [4]. Investment and Consumption Trends - Q3 saw significant declines in fixed asset investment, retail sales, and exports, with respective growth rates dropping to -6.6%, 3.4%, and 7% [4]. - The disparity between GDP growth and the decline in investment and consumption indicates a "temperature difference" in economic performance [5]. Industrial and Service Sector Performance - Industrial output increased by 5.8% year-on-year in Q3, with high-tech manufacturing growing by 9.6%, outpacing overall industrial growth [8][9]. - The service sector also showed resilience, with a 5.4% increase in value added, particularly in information technology and business services [9]. Consumption and Investment Discrepancies - Retail sales growth fell by 2 percentage points in Q3, but service consumption remained stable, contributing 2.7 percentage points to GDP growth [14]. - Fixed asset investment declined by 6.6%, yet capital formation still positively impacted GDP growth by 0.9 percentage points [14]. Future Economic Outlook - Despite potential declines in Q4 growth due to high base effects, effective policy measures are expected to support the achievement of the 5% growth target [16]. - The focus for Q4 will be on boosting service consumption and fixed asset investment, with significant financial support anticipated [16][17].