在提升生态系统碳汇能力方面，实施农业减排固碳行动，推广优良作物畜禽品种和绿色高效栽培养 殖技术；实施山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和系统治理，统筹推进"三北"工程、重要生态系统保护和修复 重大工程、海洋生态保护修复等重点工程建设，建立生态系统碳汇监测核算体系等。到2035年，全国生 态保护红线面积不低于315万平方千米，森林覆盖率预期目标值达26%以上，水土保持率达到75%。 在主动适应气候变化方面，要求强化监测预警和风险评估能力，完善气候变化观测网络，提升气候 变化监测预测预警、重点区域气候变化风险评估以及综合防灾减灾能力。到2035年，江河湖泊流域防洪 减灾体系基本完善，防洪安全保障水平显著提高，洪涝风险防控和应对能力明显增强，滨海湿地整治修 复面积约5万公顷。 为全面落实2035年国家自主贡献，我国围绕应对气候变化法律制度体系创新、温室气体控排、适应 气候变化、强化支撑保障等领域，将实施一系列的政策和行动，而技术创新和应用是重要的推动力量。 《报告》指出，在统筹推进温室气体排放控制推动产业绿色低碳转型方面，应持续实施绿色低碳技 术改造，引导区域绿色低碳优化布局，推动传统产业形成集群化、差异化的绿色低碳转型新格 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Belem Climate Summit in Brazil highlighted the importance of international cooperation in addressing climate change, with China advocating for the removal of tariffs on green products and emphasizing the need for collaboration in green technology and industry [1][2]. Group 1: Climate Action and International Cooperation - China proposed three key suggestions at the Belem Climate Summit: grasping the correct direction, implementing climate actions, and deepening open cooperation [1]. - The summit's core topic was the need to curb climate warming, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and the submission of new national contributions [2]. - As of November 6, 72 countries, including China and Brazil, updated their national contributions, representing 62% of global carbon emissions, with a potential annual reduction of 3.2 billion tons of CO2 equivalent [2]. Group 2: China's Role in Global Climate Governance - China committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 7%-10% from peak levels by 2035, with non-fossil energy consumption reaching over 30% of total energy consumption [3]. - The transition to clean energy in China is seen as crucial for saving the Paris Agreement, especially as Western countries exhibit a political shift away from climate measures [3]. - The renewable energy revolution originating from China is expected to significantly improve the lives of billions in developing countries through affordable and abundant clean energy [3]. Group 3: Technological Contributions and Market Influence - Chinese electric vehicles are playing a significant role in Brazil's energy transition, as they were used as official transportation during the Belem Summit [4]. - The choice of Chinese electric vehicles by Brazil indicates significant progress of Chinese green technology in the country [4]. - The lack of feasible technological means is a core reason for the slow decarbonization of economies, and China is increasingly providing clean energy capacity to the world [4].

新一轮国家自主贡献： 到2035年，中国全经济范围温室气体净排放量比峰值下降7%—10%，力争做得更好。非化石能源消费 占能源消费总量的比重达到30%以上，风电和太阳能发电总装机容量达到2020年的6倍以上、力争达到 36亿千瓦，森林蓄积量达到240亿立方米以上，新能源汽车成为新销售车辆的主流，全国碳排放权交易 市场覆盖主要高排放行业，气候适应型社会基本建成。 9月24日，国家主席习近平在联合国气候变化峰会发表视频致辞，宣布中国新一轮国家自主贡献。 国家自主贡献是各缔约方按照《巴黎协定》要求，根据自身情况设定的气候行动目标，每五年更新一 次。今年是《巴黎协定》达成10周年，也是提交新一轮国家自主贡献的重要节点，全球气候治理进入关 键阶段。 新一轮国家自主贡献意味着什么？对于全球气候治理将作出哪些贡献？又将如何推动我国绿色低碳转 型？生态环境部日前举行2035年国家自主贡献专家座谈会，与会专家对此进行了解读。 我国首次提出覆盖全经济范围、包括所有温室气体的绝对量减排目标 中国作为负责任大国，始终积极履行承诺，持续推进国家自主贡献目标的制定与落实。 生态环境部党组成员、副部长李高表示，此次宣布的2035年国家自主 ...

Core Points - China aims to reduce its total greenhouse gas emissions by 7%-10% from peak levels by 2035, marking a significant shift from intensity control to total control of carbon emissions [1][2] - The new targets include increasing the share of non-fossil energy consumption to over 30%, expanding wind and solar power capacity to six times that of 2020, and achieving a forest stock of over 24 billion cubic meters [1][2] - The announcement reflects China's commitment to global climate governance and its role as a responsible major country [2][4] Group 1: National Contribution Goals - The "1+3+3" framework combines qualitative and quantitative targets, with the first goal being the reduction of total greenhouse gas emissions [2] - The three quantitative indicators represent an enhancement of previous 2030 targets, showcasing China's intensified efforts to combat climate change [2][3] - New qualitative indicators include making new energy vehicles the mainstream of new vehicle sales and establishing a nationwide carbon trading market covering major high-emission industries [2][3] Group 2: Global Climate Governance - The new national contribution is expected to boost international confidence in climate governance and enhance global cooperation [4] - China's renewable energy system is the largest and fastest-growing globally, providing over 80% of the world's photovoltaic components and 70% of wind power equipment [4] - The country has made significant progress in implementing its 2030 national contributions, with a continuous decline in carbon emissions per unit of GDP [4][5] Group 3: Challenges and Future Directions - Achieving the 2035 targets will require substantial efforts from China and a favorable international environment [6][7] - Experts emphasize the need for technological innovation and policy guidance to facilitate the transition to low-carbon energy sources [7] - The realization of national contribution goals depends on fair international conditions, stable cooperation, and secure supply chains [7]

Core Points - China has announced a new round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) aiming for a 7%-10% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from peak levels by 2035, with a focus on achieving more ambitious targets [1][2][3] - The NDCs include a qualitative and quantitative framework termed "1+3+3," which encompasses absolute reduction targets and specific indicators for non-fossil energy consumption, renewable energy capacity, and forest carbon stocks [2][3] - The new targets signify a shift from intensity control to absolute control of carbon emissions, marking a significant step in China's climate strategy [2][4] Group 1: NDC Goals and Framework - The new NDCs cover all economic sectors, including energy, industry, transportation, and agriculture, and include non-CO2 greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide [4] - The qualitative indicators include making new energy vehicles the mainstream in sales and establishing a nationwide carbon trading market covering major high-emission industries [2][4] - The targets are designed to align with China's long-term development strategy while addressing complex domestic and international factors [3][4] Group 2: Progress and Achievements - China has made significant progress in implementing its 2030 NDCs, establishing the world's largest renewable energy system and reducing the cost of wind and solar power generation [6] - The country has achieved a 19.8% share of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption ahead of the 2030 target, and has built the largest carbon trading market covering over 60% of national emissions [6][5] - Experts emphasize the importance of technological innovation and international cooperation in achieving the new NDC goals [8][6] Group 3: Challenges and Future Directions - Achieving the 2035 NDCs will require substantial efforts from China, alongside a favorable international environment [7][8] - There is a need for further research on climate adaptation strategies, as well as coordination of policies and funding to address climate risks [7][8] - Experts advocate for a collaborative global approach to climate change, emphasizing the need for fair trade and stable international relations to support low-carbon transitions [8]

Core Insights - The Fudan University Sustainable Development Research Center released the carbon price index for October 2025, including national carbon emission allowance (CEA) prices, voluntary carbon market (CCER) prices, and green electricity certificate (GEC) prices [1][2]. CEA and CCER Price Indices - The expected buying price for CEA in October 2025 is 55.39 CNY/ton, with a selling price of 60.63 CNY/ton, resulting in a midpoint price of 58.00 CNY/ton. The buying price index decreased by 19.09%, and the selling price index decreased by 16.23% [2][3]. - For December 2025, the expected buying price for CEA is 62.10 CNY/ton, with a selling price of 70.45 CNY/ton, leading to a midpoint price of 66.28 CNY/ton [2][3]. - The expected buying price for CCER in October 2025 is 69.00 CNY/ton, with a selling price of 76.83 CNY/ton, resulting in a midpoint price of 72.92 CNY/ton. The buying price index decreased by 7.75%, and the selling price index decreased by 9.29% [2][3]. GEC Price Indices - The expected price for green certificates (GEC) for centralized projects produced in 2024 is 3.11 CNY/unit, with a price index of 62.79. For distributed projects, the price is 2.82 CNY/unit (index 53.87), and for biomass power generation, it is 1.84 CNY/unit (index 40.88) [4][5]. - For 2025 production, the expected price for centralized projects is 5.45 CNY/unit (index 99.09), for distributed projects is 5.20 CNY/unit (index 105.51), and for biomass projects is 5.55 CNY/unit (index 107.56) [4][5]. Market Activity in September - In September, the average closing price for CEA was 62.94 CNY/ton, down 11.5% from August's average of 71.12 CNY/ton. The price fluctuated from 69.41 CNY/ton at the beginning of the month to 59.16 CNY/ton by the end [6]. - The average daily trading volume for carbon allowances increased to 136.78 million tons, a 90% increase compared to August's 71.95 million tons, indicating heightened market activity [6]. - The announcement of China's 2035 national contributions reflects a comprehensive approach to low-carbon development, emphasizing China's role in global climate governance [6]. Global Carbon Market Trends - In September, global carbon market trading volumes generally increased, with the EU market seeing a 30.02% rise in average daily trading volume, while the Korean market experienced a 49.10% decline [7]. - The EU carbon market's average price rose from 86.18 USD/ton to 88.90 USD/ton, while the UK market's price increased from 73.04 USD/ton to 75.99 USD/ton [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) announced by President Xi Jinping, emphasizing a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 7%-10% from peak levels by 2035, alongside significant targets for renewable energy and carbon market development [12][40]. Summary by Sections Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) - The new NDC sets a target for non-fossil energy consumption to account for over 30% of total energy consumption by 2035, with wind and solar power capacity reaching 360 million kilowatts [12][13]. - The NDC reflects a shift from intensity-based targets to absolute emission reduction goals, indicating a more comprehensive approach to climate change [27][28]. Emission Reduction Goals - It is estimated that from 2026 to 2035, China's carbon intensity needs to decrease by approximately 5% annually, which is an increase from the previous decade's average of 3.3% [6][19]. - By 2035, total carbon emissions are projected to return to levels between 10.2 to 10.5 billion tons, aligning with 2022 figures [19][26]. Green Investment and Economic Impact - To achieve the new NDC targets, it is estimated that China will require green investments of 36-38 trillion yuan from 2026 to 2035, averaging about 3.6-3.8 trillion yuan annually, potentially boosting GDP growth by 1.5-2% [26][27]. - The green investment demand will primarily focus on the renewable energy sector, which is expected to account for 28-30 trillion yuan of the total investment [26]. Industry Insights Utilities Sector - The renewable energy installation target suggests a strategic reserve for applications, with an expected addition of 1.3 to 1.8 million kilowatts annually from 2026 to 2035 [8][34]. - The focus will shift towards high-quality development and better matching of supply and demand in the energy sector [36]. New Energy Equipment - By 2035, the total installed capacity for wind and solar energy is expected to exceed 3600 GW, necessitating advancements in energy storage and grid infrastructure to manage the increased load [9][38]. - The storage sector is moving towards a mature commercial model, with significant investments anticipated to enhance project economics [38][39]. Automotive Sector - The penetration rate of new energy vehicles (NEVs) is projected to exceed 50% by 2025, with a strong growth trajectory supported by government policies [40][41]. - The government plans to allocate 138 billion yuan to support NEV sales, indicating continued policy backing for the sector [42]. Carbon Market Development - The new NDC extends the carbon market's coverage to include major high-emission industries, with a roadmap for development through 2035 [30][31]. - The carbon market is expected to evolve, incorporating a wider range of greenhouse gases and enhancing the effectiveness of carbon pricing mechanisms [31][32].

Group 1 - The core message of Xi Jinping's speech emphasizes China's commitment to global climate governance and its role as a leader in addressing climate change, highlighting the importance of collective action and cooperation among nations [1][2][7] - Xi Jinping announced a new round of national contributions, marking a significant milestone in China's climate action efforts, which has garnered positive reactions from international leaders and experts [4][5][6] - The speech underscores the need for fairness and respect for developing countries' rights in the global green transition, aiming to reduce rather than exacerbate the North-South divide [3][8] Group 2 - The call for international collaboration in green technology and industry is crucial for bridging the green capacity gap and ensuring the free flow of quality green products globally [3][4] - China's ambitious targets, including the goal of becoming a climate-adaptive society by 2035, are seen as both a national commitment and a model for other countries [5][6] - The speech reflects a strategic vision for global climate governance, emphasizing the importance of multilateralism and international cooperation in tackling climate change challenges [7][8]

Core Points - China has officially announced its 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) at the UN Climate Change Summit, marking a new journey in addressing climate change and contributing positively to the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement [1][3] - The 2035 targets include a 7%-10% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from peak levels, a non-fossil energy consumption share of over 30%, and a significant increase in installed capacity for wind and solar power [1][2] Group 1 - The 2035 NDC represents a historic shift from relative to absolute emission reduction targets, establishing a comprehensive action plan that includes energy and industrial transformation, as well as policy innovation [1][3] - China aims to build a climate-resilient society and has implemented the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy 2035 during the 14th Five-Year Plan period, focusing on long-term adaptation goals and pilot projects [2][3] Group 2 - China's commitment to the 2035 NDC reflects its role as a responsible major power, enhancing global climate governance stability and confidence amid rising challenges [3][4] - The new targets are expected to generate substantial green investment and job opportunities, while also reducing global transition costs [3][4] - China has engaged in South-South cooperation on climate change with 42 developing countries, signing 54 agreements and conducting over 70 projects to enhance their climate response capabilities [3][4]

Core Viewpoint - China has announced a new round of national contributions to climate change, marking a significant shift towards absolute reduction targets for greenhouse gas emissions across the entire economy, which will contribute positively to the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement [1][2][6]. Group 1: National Contribution Goals - The new 2035 national contribution target includes a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 7%-10% from peak levels, representing a major transition from intensity control to total volume control [2][3]. - The "1+3+3" framework combines qualitative and quantitative targets, with three new qualitative indicators introduced, including the development of a carbon trading market and the establishment of a climate-adaptive society [2][3]. Group 2: Climate Adaptation and Resilience - By 2035, China aims to establish a climate-adaptive society, enhancing monitoring and risk management capabilities related to climate change [4]. - The construction of a climate-adaptive society is seen as essential for ensuring public safety and promoting harmony between humans and nature, providing a model for global responses to climate risks [4]. Group 3: Global Climate Governance - The announcement is expected to boost international confidence in climate governance and strengthen global cooperation in addressing climate change [6][7]. - Achieving these new targets will require a favorable international environment, emphasizing the need for fair cooperation and reliable supply chains among nations [7].