文、编辑 | 白 前言 当西方还在用"铀矿贫国"的标签定义中国时，一场颠覆全球能源格局的静默革命早已在戈壁与深山中启 动。从被迫接受国际市场高价铀矿的无奈，到突然在鄂尔多斯盆地斩获万吨级铀矿；从依赖进口80%铀 资源的困境，到用"CO₂+O₂地浸技术"撬开绿色开采的新纪元， 中国如何用十年时间，悄然改写国际铀矿势力版图？为何美国紧急启动"铀矿复兴计划"，却仍难以追赶 东方脚步？ 中国铀矿资源的突破 从几乎没有铀储量到如今一跃成为全球铀矿大国，中国的铀资源发展经历了一段惊人的转型。这一转型 的背后，凝聚了中国科学家和工程师们数十年的不懈努力，也体现了中国在能源安全领域日益增强的自 主控制能力。 早在20世纪50年代，中国几乎没有自己的铀矿资源，核电发展不得不依赖进口，这使得中国的能源安全 问题变得尤为突出。那时，中国在铀矿资源方面的储量极其有限，核电项目的建设常常面临供应不稳定 的风险。 直到1957年，中国才在湖南郴州发现了第一个铀矿——711矿，但其储量有限，根本无法满足日益增长 的需求。随着中国核电装机容量的快速增加，铀资源的短缺成为制约其发展的一个关键因素。 2013年，中国铀矿资源储量仅为17.4万吨 ...

Core Viewpoint - The report from Everbright Securities highlights the broad application potential of magnesium oxide in hydrometallurgy, indicating that its use is not limited to nickel-cobalt scenarios but also has significant potential in the rare earth sector [1]. Group 1: Magnesium Oxide in Hydrometallurgy - Different grades of magnesium oxide affect key metrics in hydrometallurgy, such as single consumption, precious metal recovery rates, production efficiency, and impurity content, leading to cost variations [1]. - The market potential for active magnesium oxide is promising, with diverse application scenarios potentially providing price elasticity for the product [1]. - Puyang Refractories Co., Ltd. (002225) has already utilized magnesium oxide products in hydrometallurgy and may expand into the rare earth sector in the future [1]. Group 2: Magnesium Salt Process for Rare Earth Extraction - The ammonium salt process for in-situ rare earth extraction has led to environmental shutdown issues, while the newly developed magnesium salt process shows potential for green mining [2]. - The ammonium salt system requires 7-12 tons of ammonium sulfate to produce 1 ton of rare earth (measured in REO), resulting in significant environmental pollution and supply shortages for heavy rare earths [2]. - The magnesium salt process is more economical, with a comprehensive cost reduction of 8.0% compared to the ammonium salt process, and it does not introduce ammonia nitrogen, thus avoiding ecological threats [2]. Group 3: Resource Utilization and Production Efficiency - The magnesium salt system significantly reduces rare earth loss rates, with the supernatant containing 0.003g/l of rare earth, compared to 0.03g/l in the ammonium salt system, indicating a one-order magnitude difference [3]. - The magnesium salt process allows for the separate recovery of aluminum, producing approximately 0.15-0.20 tons of aluminum hydroxide per ton of REO [3]. - The quality of products is enhanced under the magnesium salt system, with aluminum and rare earths being effectively separated, resulting in lower aluminum content in rare earth hydroxides and a 15%-25% increase in heavy rare earth content [3]. - Production efficiency is significantly improved, with magnesium salt process clarifying in 1-2 hours compared to 8-10 hours for the ammonium salt system, allowing for increased processing capacity in the same volume of treatment pools [3].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the transformation of Shanxi Province from a coal-dominated economy to a greener model through innovative mining practices and technologies, emphasizing the shift from "black gold" to "green gold" [1][2]. Group 1: Green Mining Innovations - Shanxi coal mining companies are implementing green mining techniques, including backfilling with wash waste and pillarless mining, which are reshaping traditional mining practices [2][3]. - The use of hydraulic supports to backfill 780,000 tons of wash waste has minimized surface subsidence to within 3 millimeters [3]. - The "110 method" of pillarless mining has allowed the extraction of 300,000 tons of coal pillars safely, while real-time monitoring with 5G sensors has facilitated the recovery of an additional 340,000 tons of resources [3]. Group 2: Waste Utilization - Coal gangue, previously seen as an environmental burden, is being transformed into valuable industrial materials, with 2,400 tons processed daily into construction aggregates [4]. - The production of over one million bricks annually from coal gangue at the Guandi Mine has significantly reduced the volume of waste, with each brick consuming 10 kilograms of gangue [4]. - Investments of 1.12 billion yuan have been made to rehabilitate ten gangue hills, resulting in the establishment of six ecological parks [4]. Group 3: Water Treatment Innovations - The introduction of intelligent water treatment systems has optimized chemical dosing, saving over one million yuan annually in reagent costs [5]. - The upgraded wastewater treatment facilities can process 1,700 cubic meters of mine water per hour, with a new ceramic membrane system achieving a 98% removal rate of suspended solids [5]. - The implementation of a smart water management platform allows real-time monitoring of wastewater treatment metrics across 42 facilities, leading to a reduction of over 55 tons in COD emissions and a total annual treatment capacity of 22.5 million tons [7].