新华社北京8月8日电 题：持续深化改革 加快建立现代财税体制 新华社记者申铖 科学的财税体制是优化资源配置、维护市场统一、促进社会公平、实现国家长治久安的制度保障。 预算制度改革持续深化、税制改革取得积极进展、财政体制进一步健全……"十四五"时期，一系列财税 体制改革蹄疾步稳、向纵深推进，为促进经济社会持续健康发展、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化 提供了有力支撑。 深化预算制度改革 深化零基预算改革，是深化预算制度改革的一项重要内容。打破"基数+增长"的预算固化格局，进一步 优化财政支出结构……这场从"零"开始的改革，近年来在安徽、四川、甘肃等多地积极推进。 数据显示，2024年个税汇算中享受专项附加扣除的人数达1.19亿人，较2020年初次汇算增长55%，减税 金额增长156.5%，由2020年的1160亿元增加到今年近3000亿元。 预算体现国家的战略和政策，反映政府活动范围和方向，是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要 支撑。"十四五"时期，一系列部署和举措扎实推进，我国预算制度改革向纵深推进。 安排超长期特别国债3000亿元支持消费品以旧换新，比上年增加1500亿元；安排超长期特别国债2000亿 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of a scientific fiscal and tax system as a guarantee for optimizing resource allocation, maintaining market unity, promoting social equity, and achieving long-term national stability [1] Group 1: Budget System Reform - The zero-based budgeting reform is a significant aspect of deepening the budget system reform, breaking the traditional "base + growth" budgeting model to optimize fiscal expenditure structure [2] - The government has allocated 300 billion yuan in special bonds to support consumption upgrades, an increase of 150 billion yuan from the previous year, and 200 billion yuan for equipment updates, an increase of 50 billion yuan [2] - The budget reflects national strategies and policies, serving as a crucial support for advancing the modernization of the national governance system [2][3] Group 2: Tax System Reform - The personal income tax reform is a notable achievement in tax system reform, with 119 million individuals benefiting from special deductions in 2024, a 55% increase since 2020, leading to a reduction in tax payments from 116 billion yuan to nearly 300 billion yuan [4][5] - The green tax system has been continuously improved during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, generating 2.5 trillion yuan in tax revenue from environmental protection and resource taxes from 2021 to June this year [5] - The tax legal system has been enhanced, with 14 out of 18 current tax types having established legal frameworks, covering most tax revenues [5] Group 3: Central-Local Fiscal Relationship - The reform plan for the division of fiscal responsibilities in the intellectual property sector will be implemented on January 1, 2024, clarifying responsibilities across seven areas [7] - The reform of transfer payment systems is ongoing, establishing mechanisms to promote high-quality development and enhance budget performance constraints [7] - The reform of the fiscal system below the provincial level has made substantial progress, aiming for a more reasonable allocation of responsibilities and a more balanced distribution of financial resources [7]

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is characterized by significant tax reforms and development, with total tax revenue expected to exceed 155 trillion yuan, accounting for approximately 80% of total fiscal revenue [1] - Cumulative new tax reductions and exemptions are projected to reach 10.5 trillion yuan, with export tax refunds exceeding 9 trillion yuan, effectively promoting economic and social development [1] Tax Reduction and Economic Impact - During the "14th Five-Year Plan," a series of tax and fee reduction policies have been implemented, resulting in a cumulative reduction of 9.9 trillion yuan from 2021 to mid-2023, with an expected total of 10.5 trillion yuan by the end of the year [2] - Tax reductions focused on supporting technological innovation and advanced manufacturing, with 3.6 trillion yuan in reductions, accounting for 36.7% of the total [2] - The private economy benefited significantly, with 7.2 trillion yuan in tax reductions for private taxpayers, representing 72.9% of the total [2] Manufacturing and Innovation Growth - Manufacturing development has shown stable growth, with sales revenue from manufacturing enterprises maintaining a 29% share of total enterprise revenue from 2021 to 2024 [3] - High-end and intelligent manufacturing sectors have seen annual sales revenue growth of 9.6% and 10.4%, respectively, with significant year-on-year increases in 2023 [3] - R&D expense deductions have been optimized, with 3.32 trillion yuan in deductions expected for 2024, marking a 25.5% increase from 2021 [3] Green Taxation and Environmental Policies - The green tax system has been continuously improved, with environmental protection and resource taxes generating 2.5 trillion yuan in revenue from 2021 to mid-2023 [4] - Tax incentives for green development have resulted in 1.5 trillion yuan in reductions, reflecting a balanced approach to environmental taxation [4] Personal Income Tax Reforms - The personal income tax system has been refined to promote equitable distribution and improve living standards, with the top 10% income earners contributing approximately 90% of total personal income tax [5] - The number of individuals benefiting from special deductions has increased significantly, with over 1 billion people enjoying these deductions in the recent tax settlement [6] Smart Taxation Initiatives - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the construction of a smart taxation system to enhance the tax payment experience, reducing the need for physical visits and paperwork [7] - By mid-2023, over 61 million taxpayers had utilized digital invoices, accounting for over 90% of total invoice amounts, improving efficiency in financial transactions [8]

Group 1 - The green tax system in Qinghai Province is effectively guiding enterprises towards green transformation and upgrading, significantly benefiting the photovoltaic and lithium battery industries [1] - Qinghai Tianpu Weiye Environmental Technology Co., Ltd. has upgraded its wastewater treatment facilities and implemented a smart water management platform, resulting in a reduction of over 90,000 yuan in environmental protection tax since January 2023 [2] - The local tax authority is actively providing targeted tax incentives and support to promote the green, low-carbon, and intelligent transformation of county-level enterprises [2] Group 2 - The photovoltaic industry in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is leveraging abundant solar energy resources through a "self-generated, self-used, surplus electricity online" model, benefiting 56 villages and 8,663 households with an average annual income increase of over 3,000 yuan per household [3] - The local tax bureau is offering face-to-face policy consultation and support to enterprises in the photovoltaic sector, helping them navigate tax policies and improve operational efficiency [3] Group 3 - Qinghai Fudi Battery Co., Ltd. is increasing its export scale, with exports projected to account for 30% in February 2025 and nearly 40% in March 2025, primarily to Hungary for assembly into lithium-ion battery systems for Mercedes-Benz [4] - The local tax authority is enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises by optimizing service mechanisms and utilizing a "policy toolbox" to facilitate quick tax refunds and support for companies looking to expand internationally [4]

Core Viewpoint - The implementation of the water resource tax reform aims to address water scarcity in China by enhancing tax incentives and constraints, promoting efficient water usage, and supporting the transition to a green economy [1][2][4]. Group 1: Tax Reform Implementation - The water resource fee reform to tax will be fully implemented nationwide starting December 1, 2024, with the first complete quarter of collection showing initial positive effects [1]. - The tax reform is designed to strengthen the regulatory function of taxes and leverage their role in controlling unreasonable water usage [2]. Group 2: Impact on Water Usage - The introduction of differentiated tax rates based on water resource conditions and usage types aims to suppress excessive water consumption, particularly in high-water-use industries [2]. - In the first quarter of the new pilot areas, water usage in special industries decreased by 41.5% compared to the previous year, indicating the effectiveness of the water resource tax [2]. Group 3: Encouraging Water Conservation - The tax system includes both higher and lower tax rates, incentivizing companies to improve water efficiency through technological innovation and conservation measures [3]. - Public water supply enterprises will see a reasonable reduction in tax burdens, ensuring that the normal water usage costs for residents do not increase [3]. Group 4: Broader Green Tax System - The water resource tax is part of a broader green tax system that includes resource taxes and environmental protection taxes, aimed at promoting sustainable development and ecological protection [4]. - The comprehensive implementation of the water resource tax reform is a significant step towards enhancing China's green tax system and supporting the construction of a beautiful China [4].

Group 1: Green Development and Tax Incentives - The green tax system in China is promoting green development by encouraging companies to adopt environmentally friendly practices, leading to a 13.6% year-on-year increase in sales revenue for the green low-carbon industry in the first quarter of this year [1] - The Guangzhou tax authority is actively using green tax policies to guide companies towards green transformation and sustainable development [1][3] Group 2: Energy Sector Developments - Guangdong Yuedian Huadu Natural Gas Combined Heat and Power Company is focusing on green low-carbon energy technologies and has invested in combined heat and power projects, which are expected to generate approximately 3.8 billion kilowatt-hours of clean electricity annually [2] - The company has reported a reduction of about 440,000 tons of standard coal consumption and approximately 1.76 million tons of CO2 emissions compared to coal-fired power plants [2] Group 3: Wastewater Treatment Innovations - Guangzhou Xinshi Water Co., Ltd. operates a wastewater treatment plant with a daily capacity of 49,000 tons, processing nearly 18 million tons of wastewater annually [4] - The company has invested around 1.3 million yuan in upgrading wastewater treatment equipment to ensure compliance with discharge standards and promote ecological and economic sustainability [4] - Tax incentives have allowed the company to benefit from over 1.2 million yuan in tax reductions, which will be reinvested into upgrading environmental equipment [4] Group 4: Future Tax Policy Directions - The Guangzhou tax authority plans to continue optimizing tax services and fully leverage tax incentives to foster new green development momentum and enhance high-quality economic growth [5]

Group 1: Industry Overview - Yunnan is known as the "Kingdom of Nonferrous Metals," with reserves of tin, titanium iron ore, and platinum group metals ranking first in the country [1] - The province is strengthening its nonferrous metal industry chain, transforming resource advantages into industrial advantages, and accelerating the upgrade of the nonferrous metal industry [1] Group 2: Company Profile - Yunnan Jinding Zinc Industry Co., Ltd. is located in the Nujiang Prefecture and is a leading enterprise in the nonferrous metal mining sector, with proven lead-zinc metal reserves exceeding 14 million tons, making it the largest lead-zinc deposit in China and Asia [2] - The company has received over 6.8 million yuan in provincial and municipal awards for four technology projects in 2024 and has obtained an invention patent for its "Oxide Zinc Raw Ore Fluidized Leaching Process" [2] Group 3: Tax Incentives and Support - The tax department in Nujiang Prefecture has implemented a "one-on-one" tax policy promotion team to provide tailored policy guidance to enterprises, resulting in Yunnan Jinding Zinc Industry Co., Ltd. enjoying tax reductions of 73.89 million yuan in 2023 and 8.93 million yuan in 2024 [3] - The company has also benefited from R&D expense deductions amounting to 14.37 million yuan in 2024, significantly reducing tax costs and enhancing competitiveness [3] Group 4: Comprehensive Service Model - Yunnan has established a "full-cycle" service model to support the high-quality development of the nonferrous metal industry chain, providing customized services based on tax data analysis [4] - Yunnan Tin Industry New Materials Company has achieved over 20% market share in the domestic tin product market and over 15% globally, benefiting from tax incentives such as advanced manufacturing VAT deductions and R&D expense deductions [4] Group 5: Green Taxation and Environmental Initiatives - Yunnan is promoting the integration of green energy and manufacturing, with a focus on developing a "green aluminum + deep processing" cluster [6] - Yunnan Yun Aluminum Haixin Aluminum Co., Ltd. has invested 240 million yuan in environmental protection equipment, resulting in a significant reduction in pollutant emissions and a decrease in environmental tax payments by 22.43% compared to 2020 [6][7] - The company has improved water efficiency and received a 20% reduction in water resource tax, amounting to over 7,000 yuan [7]