说到委内瑞拉，人们最先想到的就是它超丰富的石油资源。这个国家探明的石油储量超过3000亿桶，长期稳居世界第一。不过这些年，由于美国和西方的严 厉制裁，委内瑞拉的石油出口几乎被封死，尤其是美国从2019年起实行全面禁运，还威胁其他国家不要购买委内瑞拉的石油。 面对美国的压力，委内瑞拉并没有选择坐等失败，而是迅速将重心转向东方，特别是中国。毕竟中国是全球最大的石油进口国，对委内瑞拉这种重质原油的 需求很高。数据显示，2025年上半年，中国每天从委内瑞拉进口46.3万桶原油，占到委出口总量的九成，可见中国几乎成了委内瑞拉石油的最大出路。 受制裁影响，委内瑞拉的石油产业曾跌入谷底，原油产量从巅峰时期的300多万桶/日锐减到只有几十万桶。然而随着与中国的合作逐渐加深，它的生产开始 恢复。到2025年1月，委内瑞拉的原油日产量突破了103.1万桶，比上月增加3.3万桶，刷新了近几年的最高纪录。 这件事的影响不只局限在中委两国。美国和西方试图通过封锁委内瑞拉的能源出口来巩固自身的能源主导地位，却反而促使委内瑞拉和更多全球南方国家团 结合作。中国在委内瑞拉不仅买油，还建设炼油厂，形成从开采到加工的完整产业链。委内瑞拉的石油重 ...

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Treasury Secretary, Bessent, emphasizes that China is both the largest economic and military competitor to the U.S., differing fundamentally in economic policies aimed at job creation compared to Western and Asian democratic nations [2][12][13]. Group 1: Economic Policies - The Trump administration's economic policies are built on three pillars: tax reform, trade, and deregulation, with the "Big and Beautiful Act" (OBBB) being passed at record speed [4]. - The trade policy shift towards tariffs aims to rebalance international payments, as the U.S. has lost many manufacturing jobs and production bases to overseas locations [5][12]. - The U.S. is a proponent of free trade, and the goal of changing trade policies is to bring manufacturing jobs back to the U.S. and promote fair trade [5][12]. Group 2: Trade Relations - If progress is made in reducing trade deficits, there is a possibility of reducing or eliminating reciprocal tariffs over time [6]. - The U.S. and Japan have agreed to reduce Japanese auto tariffs from 27.5% to 15%, with implementation expected to take around 50 days [8][9]. - Economic security is viewed as synonymous with national security, and the U.S.-Japan trade and investment agreement is seen as a central axis for economic growth and security for both nations [11]. Group 3: International Imbalances - China is identified as the primary cause of international economic imbalances, with many of its products sold below production costs due to significant government support [12]. - The U.S. Treasury Secretary expresses concerns about China's increasing production capacity, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic [14]. - The U.S. aims to address the issue of international imbalances, which may take years to resolve, depending on each country's situation [7]. Group 4: Currency and Monetary Policy - The concept of a "strong dollar" is defined not by nominal exchange rates but by maintaining the dollar's status as the world's reserve currency through sound economic policies [17]. - The OBBB Act aims to attract foreign capital and make the U.S. the most attractive place for investment, which includes both securities and direct investments in manufacturing [18]. - The next Federal Reserve Chair must be capable of gaining market trust and analyzing complex economic data, with a focus on maintaining the independence of monetary policy [19].